Propouse of study how many emission is on bombs and guns

1. Medellín, August 3, 2022
Dear Mr.
Juan David Escudero Agudelo
PRO AVID Foundation
Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Subjetct: Submission of technical and economic proposal GIA4P-021-21 to quantify the carbon footprint
associated with an anti-personnel mine and a weapon used in Colombia, according to the standard
ISO 14064:2020.
In order to strengthen relations between the corporate sector and academia, and provide solutions to the needs of
the current environmental management and sustainability scenario, the Environmental Research Grupo presents of
technical and economic proposal GIA4P-021-21 to quantify the carbon footprint associated with an anti-personnel
mine and a weapon used in Colombia, according to the standard ISO 14064:2020.
We hope this one meets your needs and we will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.
We look forward to your comments and observations.
We appreciate your attention.
Mariluz Betancur Vélez I.Q PhD
Coordinadora del Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

2. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
Contenido
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................................3
2. Environmental Research Group.................................................................................................................3
3. Summary of the proposal............................................................................................................................4
4. ProAvid Foundation ....................................................................................................................................4
5. Description of the proposal........................................................................................................................5
5.1. Overall goal..............................................................................................................................................5
5.2. Specific goals..........................................................................................................................................5
6. Methodology and activities.........................................................................................................................5
6.1. Carbon Footprint.....................................................................................................................................5
6.2. Composition and reaction model of antipersonnel mine and weapon detonation ...........................6
6.3. Work plan.................................................................................................................................................6
7. Products.......................................................................................................................................................7
8. Scope and commitments ............................................................................................................................7
8.1. Scope........................................................................................................................................................7
8.2. Commitments ..........................................................................................................................................7
8.2.1. ProAvid Foundation Commitments .......................................................................................................7
8.2.2. UPB Commitments..................................................................................................................................8
9. Financial Proposal.......................................................................................................................................8
10. Intellectual Property ....................................................................................................................................9
11. Contacts .......................................................................................................................................................9
12. References ...................................................................................................................................................9

3. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PROPOSAL
Basic information
Objetive
Quantify the carbon footprint associated with an anti-personnel mine and a weapon used in
Colombia, according to the standard ISO 14064:2020.
Requester
Juan David Escudero Agudelo
PRO AVID Foundation
Elaboration Environmental Research Group – GIA
Date August 3, 2022
1. Introduction
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - UPB has been granted Multicampus High Quality Institutional Accreditation and
has consolidated its position as the first university in Latin America and the Caribbean to obtain two major
certifications: Multicampus Carbon Neutral certification and silver certification in the Zero Waste Management
System. With these actions the university has demonstrated its commitment to environmental protection and the
management of aspects and impacts that alter the environment.
UPB finds in the 2030 Agenda one of its main references in the world for the management of its environmental, social
and economic impacts. Since 2017, in the Sustainability Reports, the communion between the University's
performance and the Sustainable Development Goals has been explicitly made visible, in order to make the
contribution to these goals more effective.
In 2019, UPB carried out a prioritization exercise that made it possible to precisely identify which of the 17 SDGs
have direct impacts in line with its status as a higher education institution. In this process, SDGs 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16
and 17 were prioritized and will be approached in order to determine the progress and commitment of the Institution
in the consolidation of a true Sustainable Development.
2. Environmental Research Group
The Environmental Research Group - GIA- of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana is one of the 60 working units of
the Research Center for Development and Innovation (CIDI). It originated in 1974 with the creation of the area of
Environmental Studies and the emergence of graduate programs in Environmental Sciences in the 1980s.
Its management and projection is directed to the implementation of actions aimed at the protection of natural
resources, the prevention of pollution and control of environmental degradation, contributing significantly to the
sustainable development of the region through the generation of new knowledge and transfer.
GIA works with the public and private sector, environmental authorities, non-governmental organizations,
international networks and the community in general.

4. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
GIA is a pioneer in the country in the provision of consulting, research and laboratory services. In the same sense,
specifically in the area of Environmental Management, it has recognized experience in contracts, agreements and
alliances with national and regional entities, including the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development,
Regional Autonomous Corporations, ISA, EPM, ISAGEN and numerous contracts with private companies from
different economic sectors.
GIA has an interdisciplinary group of researchers, trained at the highest academic level and with extensive
experience, which allows it to ensure the quality of the studies performed and the relevance of the solutions proposed
to improve the quality of life from the environmental dimension.
Additionally, it has certified measuring equipment and its own laboratories, accredited in accordance with the NTC-
ISO-17025:2005 standard, exclusively for environmental analysis work.
The group focuses its activities on four lines of research: Efficient use and quality of water, Atmospheric studies,
Waste management and valorization, and Environmental management.
3. Summary of the proposal
The methodology designed by the UPB GIA has an interdisciplinary approach, based on the Plan, Do, Check and
Act cycle of continuous improvement, considering the technical, administrative, social and cultural aspects, adapting
them to the population, company or institution in which it is developed. This document presents a technical-economic
proposal to quantify the carbon footprint associated with an antipersonnel mine and a weapon used in Colombia,
according to the ISO 14064:2020 standard.
4. ProAvid Foundation
ProAvid Foundation is a management organization that implements participatory strategies to combat climate change
and its effects, with the sustainable management of natural ecosystems, the conservation of mountain rainforests
and the strengthening of the efficiency and effectiveness of natural resources, by adequately managing agriculture
and forestry (commercial reforestation projects). ProAvid promotes transformative public-private partnerships that
generate opportunities for socioeconomic inclusion in rural communities that contribute to a dignified life, respect for
human rights, and the fight against desertification and deforestation (ProAvid, 2021).
ProAvid Foundation has been working on projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
(REDD+) in order to participate in carbon markets. Forestry programs to mitigate climate change are a set of defined
actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, organized in a system that measures, records, quantifies and
manages GHG removals through activities in the forestry sector (ProAvid, 2021).
Thus, ProAvid in association with other foundations, such as the “Ser parte de la solución y no del problema”
Foundation, formulated two REDD+ projects focused on mitigating emissions by avoiding the detonation of
antipersonnel mines and firearms in different sectors of the Colombian territory. In this sense, the Universidad

5. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
Pontificia Bolivariana through the Environmental Research Group - GIA, wants to contribute through this proposal
with the quantification of the carbon footprint associated with antipersonnel mines and weapons used in Colombia,
in order to provide information on the emissions avoided by the REDD+ projects formulated.
5. Description of the proposal
5.1. Overall goal
Cuantify the carbon footprint associated with an anti-personnel mine and a weapon used in Colombia, according to
the standard ISO 14064:2020.
5.2. Specific goals
• Define the scope for determining the carbon footprint of an antipersonnel mine and a weapon, in accordance
with ISO 14064:2020.
• Identify the composition of antipersonnel mines and weapons used in Colombia, based on a review of the
literature in scientific articles, national reports, among others.
• Define a reaction model for the detonation of anti-personnel mines and weapons that allows quantification
of the greenhouse gases generated in the explosion.
• Collect the necessary information to calculate the carbon footprint.
• Quantify the carbon footprint of antipersonnel mines and weapons, providing an interpretation and analysis
of the results, in accordance with ISO 14064:2020.
6. Methodology and activities
6.1. Carbon Footprint
The proposed methodology is based on ISO 14064-1:2020 "Greenhouse gases. Part 1: Specification with guidance,
at the organization level, for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals". Which
specifies principles and requirements at the enterprise level for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and removals. It includes requirements for the design, development, management, reporting and
verification of a company's GHG inventory - adopted from ISO 14064-1: 20120 (ISO 14064-1, 2018).
This methodology makes it possible to identify and quantify direct and indirect GHG emissions, expressed in tons of
CO2 equivalent, according to the processes associated with a product's life cycle. The GHGs involved in the
quantification are: Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC's),
Perfluorocarbons (PFC's), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
In accordance with the standard, GHG emissions are grouped into the following categories:
(a) direct GHG emissions and removals;
b) indirect GHG emissions from imported energy;
c) indirect GHG emissions from transportation;
d) indirect GHG emissions from products used by the company;

6. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
e) indirect GHG emissions associated with the use of the company's products;
f) indirect GHG emissions from other sources.
6.2. Composition and reaction model of antipersonnel mine and weapon
detonation
To calculate the carbon footprint of an antipersonnel mine and a weapon, it is necessary to know the composition
(materials and quantity) of its shell or external structure and the composition of the explosion mechanism. This
considering that the carbon footprint, on the one hand, is associated with the use of materials in its structure (shell),
due to the manufacturing processes and final disposal of materials. On the other hand, the carbon footprint is also
related to the detonation of mines and weapons, due to the generation of greenhouse gases during the explosion.
It should be noted that there is a wide variety of materials used in anti-personnel mines and weapons. These are
composed mainly of metals or plastics and contain explosive charges which, in most cases, are either gunpowder or
ammonium nitrate. However, in some cases, antipersonnel mines or weapons that are rudimentarily produced in
Colombia may contain fuels such as sulfuric acid and be made of materials such as glass, wood, aluminum,
molasses, organic matter, among others (Castañeda, 2015).
The detonation process of an antipersonnel mine and a weapon is produced by a chemical combustion reaction
between an oxidizable material (fuel) and oxygen which is usually triggered by pressure and releases a large amount
of heat. Combustible materials are composed mostly of hydrogen and carbon, and contain other elements such as
nitrogen and sulfur. Therefore, the combustion reaction generates greenhouse gases that contribute to the carbon
footprint such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O).
In this sense, a search for secondary information will be conducted to identify the materials used in the shell of the
mines and weapons and the types of fuels used for detonation. The search for information will be carried out in
national and international scientific articles, reports from governmental and military sector entities, reports of
university degree works, local media, among others.
Based on the information gathered, a standard model of antipersonnel mines and a model of weapons will be defined,
which represent the majority of those used at the national level and on which the calculation of the carbon footprint
will be made.
In addition, based on the information found on the types of fuel used for detonation, two generalized reaction models
will be formulated (one for anti-personnel mines and the other for weapons) to estimate the generation of greenhouse
gases during the explosion of these devices and, consequently, the calculation of the carbon footprint.
6.3. Work plan
Table 1 lists the activities associated with the development of the methodology proposed in the proposal.

7. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
Table 1. Activity schedule.
Activity
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Planeación
Signing of the service provision contract between the parties
Operational work plan and methodology for the development of the subject
matter of the proposal
Meetings
End of contract
Carbon Footprint
Definition of the target and scope of the carbon footprint
Compilation of secondary information on the composition of anti-personnel
mines and weapons used in Colombia.
Definition of a reaction model for the detonation of anti-personnel mines and
weapons.
Information gathering necessary to perform the carbon footprint calculation
Determination of the carbon footprint of anti-personnel mines and weapons,
according to ISO 14064:2020.
Interpretation and analysis of results
Socialization of the results with the work team.
Delivery of final report
7. Products
- Results report containing the methodology and results of the carbon footprint of a anti-personnel mine and
a weapon used in Colombia, in accordance with ISO 14064:2020 (PDF document).
- Digital summary with the methodology and the main results of the carbon footprint (Power Point document).
8. Scope and commitments
8.1. Scope
- The activities described in the methodology and products described in the proposal.
- The work schedule established and the results concerning the calculation of the carbon footprint will also
depend on the availability of the information provided by the ProAvid Foundation.
- The calculations for the carbon footprint will be made based on information available from the entity and
secondary information reported in databases.
8.2. Commitments
8.2.1. ProAvid Foundation Commitments
- Define the scope of the carbon footprint in partnership with the GIA.
- Designate a project manager or supervisor.
- Coordinate all activities in advance with the GIA to ensure availability of agendas.
- Ensure the availability and delivery of information, in a timely and effective manner, in order to dynamize the
execution of the proposal.
- In the case of not having the necessary information available, the project manager or supervisor should be
responsible for collecting it in order to enable the calculation of the carbon footprint.

8. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
- Meetings and visit with the UPB team.
8.2.2. UPB Commitments
- Define the scope of the carbon footprint in partnership with the ProAvid Foundation.
- Maintain continuous communication with the ProAvid Foundation through the assigned person.
- Have the necessary technical equipment for the fulfillment of the project's objective.
- Work meetings with the ProAvid Foundation team.
- Delivery of products according to the specifications of this proposal.
- Advise and accompany the responsible or supervising personnel of the project on behalf of the ProAvid Foundation
in the collection of information if necessary.
9. Financial Proposal
The following are the execution costs for the development of the proposal (see Table 2).
Table 2. Execution cost.
The total estimated cost of the proposal for the Carbon Footprint determination is THIRTEEN MILLION THREE
HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS ($ 13,350,000).
The payment method is as follows:
✓ A first payment of 50% upon signature of the contract.
✓ A second payment of 50% upon delivery of the products.
Observation: The University is NOT liable for sales tax and therefore does not collect Value Added Tax, VAT, on any
activity it develops. LAW 30 of 1992, ART 92.
Quantify the carbon footprint associated with an anti-
personnel mine and a weapon used in Colombia,
according to the standard ISO 14064:2020.
Budget
Total value 13,350,000
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA BOLIVARIANA
GRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN AMBIENTAL
Budget
Total Value
Dirección de EXTENSIÓN UPB MULTICAMPUS

9. La propuesta que se presenta mediante este documento constituye la expresión de la creación original efectuada por un equipo de trabajo de
la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Por lo tanto, está protegida por las normas colombianas e internacionales sobre el derecho de autor, de
manera que cualquier otro uso de la misma, distinto al previsto anteriormente o modificación requerirá autorización del proponente. La
implementación de esta propuesta o su uso de cualquier forma unilateral por el receptor de la misma o por terceros, viola normas de propiedad
intelectual, así como de competencia leal, además de las acciones penales a que haya lugar.
10.Intellectual Property
The proposal presented in this document constitutes the expression of the original creation made by a work team of
the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Therefore, it is protected by Colombian and international regulations on
copyright, so that any other use of the same, different from the one foreseen above or modification will require
authorization from the proponent. The implementation of this proposal or its use in any unilateral way by the recipient
of the same or by third parties, violates intellectual property rules, as well as fair competition, in addition to the criminal
actions that may be applicable.
11.Contacts
For further information and review of this proposal please contact:
- Mariluz Betancur Vélez PhD I.Q | mariluz.betancur@upb.edu.co | Tel: +57(4) 448 83 88 Ext. 14029 | Circular 1
No. 74-50 | Medellín, Colombia
- Cindy Natalia Arenas Echeverri Mg I.Q | cindy.arenas@upb.edu.co | Tel: +57(4) 448 83 88 Ext. 14038 | Circular
1 No. 74-50 | Medellín, Colombia
12.References
Castañeda, C. (2015). Minas antipersona y artefactos explosivos improvisados como elementos de la conspiración
subversiva contra Colombia. Universidad de Santo Tomás.
ISO 14064-1. (2018). Gases de efecto invernadero. Parte 1.
ProAvid. (2021). Elaboración de nota de idea de proyecto (PIN) según aplicabilidad de metodologíoas de REDD+
para mercados de carbono.
ProAvid. (2021). Fundación ProAvid.