legal and ethical societal issues

1. LEGAL, ETHICAL
AND SOCIETAL
ISSUE
LESSON 7

2. In contemporary time, the creation of the
human mind is given so much value to the
extent that mechanism to protect these
creations are put in place. One such
mechanism is legal and ethical in nature. We
know of it today as the intellectual property
right.

3. Intellectual property (IP) is a category
of property that includes intangible creations
of the human intellect.

4. Copyright
Legal term used to describe the right that
creators have over their literary and artistic
works.

5. Copyright
■Books
■Music
■Paintings
■Films
■Computer Programs

6. Patent
Provide the patent owner with the
right to decide how or whether the
invention can be used by others in
exchange for this right.
Exclusive tight granted for an
invention

7. Trademark
A sign capable of distinguishing goods
or service of one enterprise from
those of other enterprise.

8. Trademark

9. Industrial Design
Constitute the ornamental or aesthetic
aspect of an article/object.
Design of an object (shape or surface,
patterns, lines or color)

10. Geographical indication and
appellation of origin
Sign used on good that have specific
geographical origin and possess
qualities.
Name of the place of origin of the
goods/products.

11. What is Copyright?
A copyright is a type of intellectual
property that gives its owner the
exclusive right to copy, distribute,
adapt, display, and perform a creative
work, usually for a limited time.

12. Literary Work
NOVEL POEMS PLAY

13. FILM MUSIC GAMES

14. REGISTERING COPYRIGHT
WIPO adhere to the Berne Convention
that provide automatic copyright
protection this means that a registration
or any other formality is not required.

15. IP LAW IN THE PH
Thus, Republic Act 8293, also known as “The intellectual
Property code of 1997” was enacted. According to this
piece of legislation, intellectual property rights consist of:
1. Copyright and related rights;
2. Trademarks and service marks;
3. Geographic indications;
4. Industrial Design;

16. Here are few of the terms indicated in RA 8293
which you may find helpful in your understanding
of copyright and intellectual property.

17. Term Definition
Author The natural person who created the work
Collective work A work which has been created by two or more natural person
at the initiative and under the direction of another
Communication to the
public or communicate
to the public
The making of a work available to the public by wire or
wireless means in such a way that members of the public may
access of these works
Public lending The transfer of possession of the original or a copy of a work
or sound recording for a limited period
Rental Transfer of possession of the original of work or sound
recording for limited period of time for profit-making
purposes
Reproduction The making of one or more copied of a work or a sound
recording in any manner or form
Work of applied art An artistic creation with utilitarian functions or incorporated
in a useful article, whether made by hand or produce on an

18. Copyright Protected Works
Under Philippine copyright, both original work and derivative works
protected.
Original works are those that are literary or artistic
in nature which include the following
 Books, Articles and old writings
 Musical compositions, with or without words
 Computer programs
Derivative works, on the other hand, refer to:
 Dramatizations, translation, adaptations and other
alterations of literary
 Collection of literary, scholarly or artistic works.

19. WORKS NOT PROTECTED
There are also works that are not
covered by copyright due to insufficient
authorship or due to the work being of
importance of public interest.

20. THE USE OF “FAIR USE”
In its most general sense, a fair use is any
copying of copyrighted material done for a limited
and “transformative” purpose, such as to
comment upon, criticize, or parody a copyrighted
work.

21. LEGAL SHARING USING CREATIVE
COMMONS
Apart from invoking fair use, licenses provided
by creative commons (A nonprofit licensing
organization) can enable the legal sharing and
use of works and to easily change terms form
“all rights reserved to some rights reserved.”

22. Flame Wars
Known among the internet users (netizens) is
the term flamer defined as someone who
knowingly attacks other netizens or expresses in
aggressive manner his opinion on controversial
issues. To widen your online vocabulary, you
may check the following terms on the Internet:

23. RESPONSIBLE NETIZENSHIP
Netiquette refers to observing proper
etiquette as you engage in activities over
the Internet. It is contrary to what Flame
Warriors display. Online discussion members
who adhere to rules of netiquette have high
respect for the view and opinions of other.

24. CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE

25. 1.Do not provoke or attack other.
2.The virtual world does not dismiss the fact that
you are talking to another human being who is
entitled to his or her feelings.
3.Privacy is a natural human right. Respect should
be always observed.
4.Nobody is perfect. Learn to admit mistakes.
5.Great power comes with great responsibility. Yield
your power over the Internet wisely.

26. CYBERBULLYING
The tagline “think before you click” just about
summarize the campaign. It simply means that
before you post anything on the wen you have to
think thoroughly before sharing the information.

27. It’s just bullying but it happens in the
internet, cyberbullying has been one of the
worst kinds of flaming activities because
even innocent people are victimized by this.
Cyberbullying is a type of offensive action
toward another which takes place using
electronic technology.

28. INTERNET ADDICTION
The internet has introduced a whole new
experience to human civilization. But excessive
use of online media can be a result of computer
addiction, online addiction or internet addiction
disorder (IAD) is an impulsive control problem. It
can take the form of any of the following:

29. • Cybersex addiction – Compulsive use of internet
pornography, adult chat rooms, or adult fantasy role-
playing games.
• Cyber-relationship addiction- addiction to social
networking, chat rooms, texting and messaging.
• Net Compulsion- such as compulsive online gaming,
gambling or stock trading
• Information overload- compulsive Web surfing or
database searching, leading to lower work productivity
and less social interaction with the family and friends.
• Computer addiction – obsessive playing of off-line
computer games or obsessive computer programming

30. STEALING OR BORROWING
■ Some may opt to literally copy the information and pass
it off as their own, or some will extend all effort to cite
their sources.
■ When the first situation happens, the person committed
a grave sin in scholarship which is called plagiarism.
Plagiarism is tricky. Institutions differ in the way they
perceive the concept of plagiarism. Table below are
some forms of plagiarism that are often committed by
people.

31. Sources
Not Cited
The Ghost Writer The writer turns in another’s work,
word for word as his or her own.
The Photocopy The writer copies significant portions of
text straight from a single source
without alteration.
The potluck Paper The writer tries to disguise plagiarism
by copying from several different
sources.
The Poor Disguise The writer altered the paper’s
appearance by slightly changing key
words and phrases.
The Labor of Laziness The writer takes the time to paraphrase
most f the paper from other sources
and make it all fit together.
The Self-Stealer The writer “borrows” generously from

32. Sources
Cited
The Forgotten Footnote The writer mentions an author’s name for a
source but neglects to include specific
information.
Misinformer The writer provides inaccurate information
regarding the sources, making it impossible
to find them.
The Too-Perfect
Paraphrase
The writer properly cites a source, but
neglects to put quotation marks text that
has been copied word to word or close to it.
The Resourceful Citer The writer properly cites all sources,
paraphrasing and using quotation
appropriately. But it contains no original
work.
The Perfect Crime The writer properly quotes and cites
sources in some places, but goes on to
paraphrase other arguments from those
sources without citation.