Osteoporosis

1. OSTEOPOROSIS

2. Osteoporosis is a health condition
that weakens bones, making them
fragile and more likely to break. It
develops slowly over several years
and is often only diagnosed when a
fall or sudden impact causes a bone
to break (fracture).
The most common injuries in people
with osteoporosis are:
• broken wrist
• broken hip
• Broken spinal bones
OSTEOPOROSIS

3. BONE LOSS
BEFORE
OSTEOPOROSIS
The stage before osteoporosis is called osteopenia. This is
when a bone density scan shows you have lower bone density
than the average for your age, but not low enough to be
classed as osteoporosis.

4. Osteoporosis can be present
for years without any
noticeable symptoms, but
signs can include:
• Severe back pain
• Loss of height over time
• A stooped posture
• Bone fractures from minor
injury

5. DIAGNOSTIC TEST
DEXA scan, is a type of low-dose x-ray test that measures calcium and
other minerals in your bones. The measurement helps show the
strength and thickness known as bone density or mass of your bones.
Most people's bones become thinner as they get older.

8. LABORATORY
TEST
Serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
CBC
Renal function testing
Alkaline phosphatase
24-hour urine calcium
Serum albumin
Vitamin D 25(OH)D
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

10. MEDICATIONS

11. MEDICATIONS
Bone-building drugs include:
• Teriparatide (Forteo)
• Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
• Romosozumab (Evenity)

12. Don't rely entirely on medication
as the only treatment for your
osteoporosis. These practices
also are important:
• Exercise
• Good nutrition
• Quit smoking
• Limit alcohol

13. SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
• Percutaneous
vertebroplasty is a newer
technique in which a
medical grade cement is
injected though a needle
into a painful fractured
vertebral body. This
stabilizes the fracture,
allowing most patients to
discontinue or
significantly decrease
analgesics and resume
normal activity.

14. SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
• Balloon kyphoplasty
is a minimally
invasive procedure
designed to repair
vertebral
compression
fractures (VCFs) by
reducing and
stabilizing the
fractures.

15. REFERENCES
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoporosis/#:~:text=Osteoporosis%20is%20a%
20health%20condition,broken%20hip
• https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/osteoporosis#:~:text=To%20diagnose%20
osteoporosis%20and%20assess,or%20DEXA)%20or%20bone%20densitometry.
• https://arupconsult.com/content/osteoporosis
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-
depth/osteoporosis-treatment/art-20046869
• https://healthtalk.org/osteoporosis/surgery-for-osteoporosis
• https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-
notes/osteoporosis/
• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/bone-
densitometry#:~:text=A%20T%2Dscore%20of%201,indicates%20the%20presence
%20of%20osteoporosis.

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