detail about culture and ethics and also about European countries values and their ethics.

1. Cultural Ethics of European
Countries
Prepared by :-Daljeet Kumar
BUPIN :-15PBA017

2. WHAT ARE ETHICS:-
• Ethics is a code of behavior that a society considers moral and appropriate for guiding
relationship with one another.
• Ethics deals with things to be sought and things to be avoided, with ways of life and
with telos (Telos is the chief aim or end in life)
• Ethics are standards of right and wrong, good and bad. Ethics are concerned with
what one ought to do to fulfill one’s moral duty. There are two aspects to ethics:
Being able to determine what is right or wrong, good or bad ,& , Commitment for
doing what is right and good.

3. CULTURE AND ETHICS
• Cooperation is easier and conflicts are limited when people share convictions. We
therefore need to look for ethical principles that are shared worldwide.
• Standards and values are an integral part of any culture; hence, culture is the bedrock
supporting every development.
• Culture can obstruct progress, but it can nevertheless be a tool for emancipation.
• Culture is also a goal in itself: it gives meaning to our existence.
•The same holds true for equal rights, responsibility for future generations, freedom of
speech, and democracy: they stimulate progress, but are also the objective of
development.

4. CULTURAL ETHICS
. Cultural ethics, as the name
suggests deals with the
morality, integrity, principles
and values of a culture, and in
some case, even religion.
It usually differs from culture
to culture. In spite of that,
certain values remain the
same simply because they are
ethically and morally
justifiable.
Cultural ethics reflect the
values and morals of a society
and therefore, it plays a vital
role in the governance of that
society.
Culture is an integral part of
ethics and vice versa. The
culture of a community impacts
it progress, development, laws,
principles and to some extent,
its policies
Cultural
Ethics

5. CULTURE ETHICS OF EUROPE
CULTURE
ETHICS
OF
EUROPE

6. Culture ethics of Europe
• Individualism vs collectivism (refers to the relationship between the individual
and society);
• Hierarchy/ equality (egalitarianism) (‘…emphasis on the legitimacy of hierarchical
allocation of fixed roles and of resources - authority, humble, influential, social
power, wealth’ Schwartz et al 2000);
• Masculinity as opposed to Femininity (mastery versus harmony in Schwartz’s
classification, assigns different values to the achievements, assertiveness,
material status);
• High as opposed to Low uncertainty avoidance (refers to cultural preferences
while dealing with uncertainty).

7. CULTURE ETHICS OF EASTERN EUROPE
• Hierarchy and High power distance (hierarchy vs. egalitarianism value)
• Collectivism/ individualism value
• Masculinity/ femininity value dimension
• Communist heritage or ideology factor

8. VALUES OF EUROPE
Family
The family is one of the domains where the greatest changes have taken place over
recent generations. The traditional nuclear European family consisted of a married
father and mother with a several children but today this is only one option among
many. Declining marriage rates, an increased number of divorces, the wide acceptation
of co-habitation, the legalization of same-sex marriage and dropping fertility rates have
caused the size of the average household within the European Union to drop to 2.4
people.
The roles of men and women have changed, with women in most European countries
enjoying broadly the same educational and employment opportunities as men.

9. Work
58 per cent of Europeans say that work is very important in their life, only surpassed in
significance by the importance of family. However, the importance of work is often
inversely correlated to wealth: in the wealthier countries, work is considered of less
importance, a means to an end rather than an end in itself
Society
Europeans appear to be quite clear in their rejection en masse of lying in your own
interest, cheating on tax returns or avoiding a fare on public transport. However, a
closer inspection of the data raises serious questions about the honesty of those who
might be dishonest! Most Europeans consider that it is (almost) never justified to cheat
on your tax return but the unreliability of this statistic is highlighted by the fact that the
country which is most willing to countenance tax evasion is the Netherlands! This says
more about the honesty of the Dutch (even when they are confessing to dishonesty)
than it does about the rest of Europe.

10. Politics
Support for democracy as the best form of government is strong in Western Europe but
the further one travels to the East the less support there is for democracy. This doesn’t
imply that people are content with the current political systems. Only those living in
Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Ireland and Switzerland are overwhelmingly positive
about the political status quo. Surprisingly, they are accompanied by Kosovo and
Belarus, the latter often considered to be the last dictatorship of Europe. It may be that
respondents in Belarus were not entirely honest in their replies, but perhaps the
widespread support for authoritarian leadership in Eastern Europe is a better
explanation
Religion
More than 90% of the people in Albania, Cyprus, Belarus, Georgia and Kosovo claim to
be religious, but even in supposedly secularized countries like Netherlands and
Denmark, the majority of people say the same. The majority of Europeans continue to
consider themselves members of a church and conversely atheism is strikingly rare.
France has the most atheists but even then it only represents 18% of the population.