This presentation will be of great help to those Quality improvement officers in carrying out their day-to-day responsibilities in the context of hospitals and health schools

1. Antiseptics and disinfectants

2. Learning Objectives 1/2
At the end of this session ,participant will be able to:
• Explain the differences between antiseptics and disinfectants
• Describe the types and selection criteria of antiseptics and
disinfectants
• Explain instructions to storage and dispense of antiseptic and disinfectant
• Explain the instructions to use antiseptic and disinfectant

3. Meaning of antiseptics and
disinfectants
Buzzing activity •What is the meaning of:
oantiseptic and
odisinfectant

4. Definition of terms
• Antiseptics: Chemicals that are applied to the skin/other living
tissues to inhibit/kill microorganisms (both transient and resident)
thereby reducing the total bacterial count
• Antisepsis: is a process of reducing the number of
microorganisms on the skin, mucous membranes/other body
tissues by applying an antimicrobial antiseptic agent
• Disinfectants: are chemicals that kill/inhibit all microorganisms
except bacteria endospores on inanimate objects

5. Antiseptic agents
•Examples of antiseptics include:
o Povidone-iodine
o Alcohols (60–90% ethyl, isopropyl or “methylated spirit”)
o 0.5% chlorhexidine with or without glycerol
o Liquid soap
•Uses of antiseptics
o To reduce both transient and resident flora on the hands
o To reduce the risk of infections in high-risk situations

6. WHEN DO WE USE
ANTISEPTICS

7. When to use antiseptics
•Use antiseptics
oBefore a clinical procedure involving skin, cervical or
oVaginal preparation
oFor surgical scrub
oFor hand washing in high-risk situations, e.g., before, during
& after performing invasive procedures, touching a new-
born/immunosuppressed patient

8. Storing and Dispensing Antiseptics
(1/2)
• Concentrated antiseptic solutions should be stored in a
cool and dark area.
• Pour the antiseptic into a small, re-usable container for
daily use.
• Label re-usable containers with the date each time they
are washed, dried and refilled.

9. Storing and Dispensing Antiseptics (2/2)
• Make sure the correct name of the solution is on the
container each time you refill it
• Do not store gauze or cotton wool in antiseptics because
this promotes contamination
• Establish a routine schedule for preparing new solutions
and cleaning reusable containers

10. Disinfectants
•There are three types of disinfectants
oHigh-level disinfectants
oIntermediate-level disinfectants
oLow-level disinfectants

11. 1.High-level disinfectants
• Substances that kill all bacteria, viruses such as corona
viruses, fungi, & MTB and given sufficient time, will destroy
bacterial endospores
oChlorhexidine 4%
oHydrogen peroxide 6%
oChlorine 0.5%

12. 2.Intermediate-level disinfectants
• Kill bacteria and most viruses
o Ethanol 70-90%
o Methylated spirit 60-90%
o Povidone - iodine 2.5%
o Formaldehyde 8%
• These disinfectants are recommended for use on blood and other
potentially infectious materials

13. 3.Low-level disinfectants
• Kill some bacteria and some viruses and fungi, but do not kill
endospores and tuberculosis causing microorganisms
o Hydrogen peroxide 3%
o Dettol and Lysol 5%
• Should be used only to decontaminate the environment
• Must not be used for processing instruments/other items

14. Choosing a disinfection method
Disinfectants chosen should be:
• Bactericidal not bacteriostatic
• Active against a wide range of microorganisms
• Not readily inactivated by organic matter (i.e. stable when in contact)
• Having rapid activity
• Non-toxic
• Non-corrosive
• Non-damaging to equipment/substances treated
• Cost-effective and available

15. Guide to use of disinfectants
(instructions) (1/4)
• Check expiry date of the disinfectant
• Date should be clearly marked on the container
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions AND ensure that the
correct (optimum) dilution is used
• Disinfectant containers must be thoroughly cleaned and
disinfected before refill between uses
• NEVER TOP UP!!

16. Guide to use of disinfectants (2/4)
• Disinfectants should be supplied, preferably ready for use from
the pharmacy (new stocks to be supplied on receipt of empty
containers)
• Do not discard empty containers or use them to store other
solutions
• Chemicals can be harmful when used in the wrong situations
• Disinfectants should be diluted by knowledgeable personnel in
manageable quantities

17. Guide to use of disinfectants (3/4)
• When disinfectants are indicated for use on surfaces,
WIPE. (Do not wash, bath or flood-wash)
• The health facility pharmacy should ensure that:
oThe containers are thoroughly cleansed, washed and
dried
oThe containers are clearly labelled with the type of
contents, the in-use dilution & the expiry date
oNone of the disinfectants are exposed to inactivating
substances, i.e., cork, rubber caps/incompatible
detergents

18. Guide to use of disinfectants (4/4)
• Disinfectants must not be used to sterilize instruments or
equipment (unless specified in the disinfectant policy, e.g.,
endoscopes)
• Open containers of disinfectant should not be tolerated in
any healthcare environment
• Always thoroughly decontaminate, then clean articles
before disinfection, i.e., remove any substance such as dirt
and biological materials

19. Key points
• Antiseptics are used on living tissues while
Disinfectants are used on inanimate objects
• Store antiseptic and disinfectant solutions in a cool, dark
area (away from light)

20. Session Evaluation
• What is Antiseptic?
• What is Disinfectant?
• What are the criteria for choosing a Disinfectant?

21. Asanteni Sana