Aerobic Cellular Respiration Explained

Synthesis Of Cellular Respiration
Introduction
Cellular respiration is a vital process that breaks down glucose to create energy. It takes place in aerobic organisms, meaning they require oxygen.
The first step in this process is glycolysis where the breakdown of glucose occurs. After this oxidation of the glucose molecule, it becomes a
pyruvate, generating 2 ATP and gives away two electrons that convert NADs to NADHs. The pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it is
transformed into acetyl CoA by oxidizing one of the carbons in the pyruvate to co2 (Freeman, 2017). If oxygen is present, this molecule will
continue to the citric cycle where it will undergo a series of eight mediated steps where the energy from the acetyl CoA is released to produce FADH
and ATP (Freeman, 2017). In the 6th step of thecitric acid cycle, succinate is oxidized to fumarate, giving away its electrons which reduces FAD to
FADH2. These electrons are then transported to the electron transport chain where ATP, the main goal ofcellular respiration, is produced. In this
experiment, by substituting with an alternate electron acceptor, we can see and monitor just how quickly the reaction occurs in the presence of more
succinate. Because DCPIP turns from blue to colorless as it becomes reduced, by measuring the transmittance of different samples, it will show the
amount of DCPIP that has been reduced. If different amounts of succinate are added to the mitochondrial suspension, then the solution containing the
most amount of succinate
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What Is Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process and series of metabolic reactions that turns chemical energy into the useable energy source, ATP. Since it depends on
a variety of factors, there are also many things that can inhibit its completion, like nitric oxide, an endogenously produced substance that can be toxic,
particularly affecting the cytochrome C complex in cellular respiration. Haem oxygenase, an enzyme, "catalyse[s] the oxidative degradation of haem
to biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO), accompanied by the release of ferrous iron" (D'Amico et.al, 2006). The carbon monoxide released was
viewed as "toxic," but it has actually been found to "significantly increase cellular cGMP concentrations," and "increase the activity of
calcium–activated potassium channels," which can reverse the "hypoxia–induced inhibition" of these channels (D'Amico et.al). Nitric oxide's binding
to cytochrome C oxidase in the electron transport chain can inhibit mitochondrial respiration, but it is unclear if endogenous CO's binding to the CCO
can also do so.

Biology: Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration, also known as aerobic respiration, occurs in the mitochondria and is what gives us energy so we can eat, move, and breathe. It
starts in the digestive system, where food is broken down into glucose, a simple sugar. The glucose goes into your bloodstream alongside your blood
cells carrying oxygen to your cells, for example, the oxygen and glucose will go to your muscles. Within the cells, the mitochondria take the oxygen
and the glucose and cause a large reaction turning the glucose and oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and large amounts of adenosine
triphosphate, or ATP, which is used for anything your cells need to work on. (Aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 в†’ 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP ) The
carbon dioxide is carried

Biology: Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes. Cellular respiration is
very significant because without it humans and other animals couldn't generate energy for basic functions. "Sir Hans Adolf Krebs received the
Nobel prize for medicine in 1953 for his discovery of the Krebs cycle in 1937"(Share). Long before Krebs discovered the Krebs cycle (which is one of
three stages of cellular respiration), cellular respiration was taking place. Cellular respiration is an exothermic redox reaction which releases heat
(energy). The energy produced in cellular respiration is in the form of ATP molecules. The most common form of cellular respiration is

Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration Essay
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are essential for life on earth. They are connected; Photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen which are then
used in cellular respiration to produce ATP. The wastes of one process are the reactants for the other. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light
energy into chemical energy. It takes place in the chloroplast of a plant. Pigments have the ability to absorb specific wavelengths of light. Different
species perform photosynthesis differently, but only light absorbed by the photopigments can be used for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a is the most
abundant photosynthetic pigment in a plant; best absorbs wavelengths of 430 nm which is blue and 662 nm which is red ("Pigments," n.d.). Elodea
Canadensis is a water plant that can perform photosynthesis. Elodea is green, meaning that chlorophyll did not absorb the green portion of the light
spectrum. The color green...show more content...
Some cells use aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen while others use anaerobic respiration, also known as fermentation, in the absence of
oxygen. Anaerobic respiration produces fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast that can use either
aerobic or anaerobic respiration depending on their oxygen availability. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been essential to baking and wine production.
Since carbon dioxide is one of the products of respiration, it can be used to investigate how different kinds of sugar can affect the rate of respiration in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The rate of respiration in Saccharomyces will be faster in glucose than sucrose because sucrose is a disaccharide and
glucose is a monosaccharide. Monosaccharide can produce more carbon dioxide at a more rapid rate than disaccharide (Angustia, Chan, Dinneen,
Hortamani, & Mutabaruka

Cellular Respiration Research Paper
Cellular Respiration Essay
Lia Valner
New Community Jewish High School
Biology Period B
Mrs. Tarle
February 9, 2015
The three main phases that are involved in the cellular respiration process are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. First,
glucose enters a chemical pathway, known as glycolysis and it occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Only a small amount of energy is captured to
produce ATP in this stage. Glycolysis has two benefits to it; it can produce ATP quickly and it doesn't requireoxygen. Glycolysis is known as "sugar
breaking." The difference between aerobic and anaerobic is that anaerobic does not require oxygen and aerobic does. Glycolysis is known to be
anaerobic which...show more content...
In order to convert ADP into ATP the electron transport chain must use the high
–energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Oxygen is the
last electron acceptor of the electron transport chain and is crucial for getting rid of low energy electrons and hydrogen ions, which are the wastes left
from cellular respiration. With out oxygen, the electron transport chain would be unable to function. In the process of the electron transport, H+ ions
build up in the inter membrane which creates a positively charged similar to the matrix. The cell uses a process, chemiosmosis that produces ATP,
similar to photosynthesis. Each time a combination of high–energy electrons move down the electron transport chain, that energy is used to move H+
ions to the other side of the membrane. In total, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain release around 36 molecules of ATP per
molecule

Essay on Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Humans, and all animals, use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the main energy source in cells. The authors of
Biological Science 5th edition said that "In general, a cell contains only enough ATP [adenosine triphosphate] to last from 30 seconds to a few
minutes". It is that way "Because it has such high potential energy, ATP is unstable and is not stored". They also state that "In an average second, a
typical cell in your body uses an average of 10 million ATP molecules and synthesizes [makes] just as many". In the human body trillions of cells exist.
The average human body uses and makes 10,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of ATP every second. In one minute the human body uses
600,000,000,000,000,000...show more content...
The second reaction uses a different enzyme called phosphoglucose isomerase, which converts glucose–6–phosphate (C6H1305PO4) to
fructose–6–phosphate (C6H13O5PO4). The structure changes but the chemical formula does not. Then in the next reaction, (#3), which is catalyzed
by the protein phosphofructokinase, the fructose–6–phosphate (C6H13O5PO4), gains another phosphate group to become fructose–1,6–biphosphate.
Instead of having just one inorganic phosphate group (HPO42–), now it has two. This increases the potential energy of the molecule. This step did cost
another ATP molecule. The fourth reaction is catalyzed by the protein, fructose
–bis–phosphate aldolase, that protein splits fructose–1,6–biphosphate, to
form two separate 3–carbon sugars one of which is dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DAP). The fifth reaction, which is catalyzed by a protein called triose
phosphate isomerase, changes two molecules of DAP into two molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde–3–phosphate). The next reaction, number six, is
catalyzed by the protein glyceraldehyde–3–phosphate dehydrogenase, "A two–step reaction . . . that first oxidizes G3P [by] using the [Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide] NAD+ coenzyme [chemical formula is C21H27N7O14P2] to produce . . . [NADH, NADH is a coenzyme, whose chemical
formula is C21H28N7O14P2]. Energy from this reaction is used to attach . . . [2] Pi [HPO4– groups] to the oxidized product to form [2]

WhatВґs Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration is when cells break down simple food molecules like glucose and release the energy they contain. This is a 2 stage. The first stage
starts in the in cytoplasm when glucose molecules are broken down. The second stage starts in the mitochondria which is when small molecules of
glucose molecules are broken down. The chemical reactions require oxygen and lots of energy released. Heterotrophic is when animals can't make
their own food. We are heterotrophic because we can not make food by our self. Respiration is when we take in oxygen. When we breath we let out
carbon dioxide. Chemical energy is when the chemical goes through a chemical reaction which turns into a chemical substances.

Cellular Respiration Paper
Cellular respiration is used for the production of energy and the removal of waste products. The two types of cellular respiration are aerobic
respiration, in which oxygen is used and anaerobic respiration, in which oxygen is not needed. (Jasuja et al, 2013). Aerobic respiration is used in
every cell but anaerobic respiration is usually used in prokaryotic cells. Both take place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm and have 3 stages of
respiration; glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. In the end of the reaction, there is a "production of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP for
aerobic respiration whereas anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, reduced species and ATP" (Jasuja et al, 2013). The production of alcohol is
present...show more content...
The overall end products of alcohol fermentation are carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol) (Morton, 1980). "This is achieved by the breakdown of
glucose into lactic acid and then the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and alcoholic dehydrogenase replace the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. These
newly formed enzymes finally cause pyruvic acid to convert into the end products that are ethanol and carbon dioxide" (Morton, 1980). The factors that
might affect changes in the end products that may be produced can be the temperature of the glucose solution and sugar concentration. The rate of
reaction increases as temperatures increase but only till a certain optimal point and then it is starting to decrease the rate of the reaction. If there is an
increase in the concentration of sugar then there will be an increase in the reaction

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the main pathways of energy transportation in organisms. However, the reactants and the products are
exact opposites in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration. In photosynthesis, cells take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by absorbing
energy from the sun, and then the cells release oxygen (O2) and store glucose (C6H12O6). The formula of photosynthesis is:
Light energy
6CO2+6H2O в†’ C6H12O6+6O2
In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are taken into the cells, then they are converted to carbon dioxide, water and ATP energy and some other
energy. Some of the ATP energy is used in photosynthesis; a large amount of
...show more content...
The light reactions also generate ATP by using chemiosmosis through a process called photosphorylation. The light energy is converted into
chemical energy in the form of two compounds, which are NADPH and ATP. The Calvin cycle occurs with the incorporation of carbon dioxide
into organic molecules in carbon fixation. In this process, the fixed carbon is reduced with electrons provided by NADPH. The Calvin cycle takes
place during daylight hours, in which the NADPH and ATP can be provided. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma, while the light reactions occur
in the thylakoids. In contrast, there are four metabolic stages happened in cellular respiration, which are the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and
the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, in which catabolism is begun by breaking down glucose into two molecules of
pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP are produced too. Some of they either enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) or the electron transport chain, or go
into lactic acid cycle if there is not enough oxygen, which produces lactic acid. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which
completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle produced some more ATPs and
other molecules called NADPH and FADPH. After this, electrons are passed to the electron transport chain through

We All Need Some Cellular Respiration Essay
Every living thing needs cellular respiration to survive. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food
molecules in the presence of oxygen. This process happens through three distinct operations which are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron
transport chain. Throughout these cycles, our bodies turn oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Although this system seems
simple enough, cellular respiration can not take place in just one step because all of the energy from glucose would be released at once, most of it
being lost in the form of light and heat. All this plays a very important role in our lives and without it, organisms would cease to exist. The first...show
more content...
The overall process of glycolysis is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in just a few milliseconds. Glycolysis is followed by the
Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into
carbon dioxide in a series of energy–extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle
continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4–carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high–energy electrons are passed to electron
carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules. The third and final step in
cellular respiration is the electron transport chain which takes place in the inner mitochondrion membrane. This process uses the high–energy electrons
from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. These high
–energy electrons are first passed along the electron transport chain. Every time 2 electrons
travel down this chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane. These H+ ions escape through channels into an ATP
synthase. This causes it to spin, transforming the ADP into ATP. On average, each pair of high
–energy electrons that moves down the electron

Cellular Respiration Essay
Name________Darrien Bolding_____________ Date________________
Cellular Respiration Webquest Worksheet (from: http://zunal.com/webquest.php?user=19049)
Directions: Answer in your own words behind or under the questions. Do not copy and paste unless told to do so and then use quotes.
Part I. Process Overview
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/respintro.html Read the entire page! These questions are not in order! How is cellular respiration like
combustion (burning)? [2nd paragraph] Its releasing energy. How is cellular respiration unlike combustion? The molecules from which we harvest
energy give up their energy in a controlled fashion rather than all at once as...show more content...
Find a labeled diagram of the mitochondria, attach it to this page, and place the web address next to the picture. [pic] http://staff.jccc.net
/PDECELL/cellresp/krebs.html What molecule must be produced from pyruvate in order to enter the Krebs' cycle? [Hint: look at the word under
pyruvate.] Glyloysis. What gas is given off during the above reaction? Carbon. What molecule is reduced by removing an electron? Succinyl. How
many steps are involved in the entire cycle? 10. How many CO2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? 3 How many CO2 molecules are produced per
glucose? 1 How many NADH2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? 3 How many FADH2 molecules are produced per glucose? 1 How many ATP are
produced per glucose molecule in the Krebs' cycle? 4 Show where CO2, ATP, NADH2 and FADH are produced in the cycle below by arrows coming
off the cycle or find a simplified picture to copy and paste just be sure to paste the web site address next to it.

Respiration is defined as the process of taking air into the body. Cellular respiration is much more complex. An organism consists of a single cell and
even while a humans body contain trillions, all cells undergo cellular respiration. It also is by this process of breaking down food molecules which are
simple sugars that produces the energy currency of the cell, also known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
The way that photosynthesis works is by capturing light energy. This energy is captured in chemical bonds, and meaning that plants use radiant energy
to fix molecules together. This is how plants provide their own nutrition from carbondioxide, water, and minerals. Also as part of this process,oxygen is
released in the atmosphere which

ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC CAPACITY TESTING THROUGH PYSICAL ACTIVITY PERFORMED BY SYDNEY UNIVERSITY BIOLOGY
STUDENTS
INTRODUCTION
The human body thrives on energy in order to work. This energy is provided to the body in the form of chemical potential energy stored in adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). In order for the body to fuel more cellular activity, ATP needs to be regenerated and this can be done aerobically (in the presence of
oxygen) or anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen) (AМЉstrand 1956). In doing so, ATP is produced more aerobically rather than anaerobically,
which takes a lengthier period to produce.
The aerobic energy system primarily fuels certain physical activities of moderate intensity, which allows the body to supply oxygen to the...show more
content...
However more testing is required to evaluate further whether the individual's level of fitness to carry out anaerobic exercises is influenced by their
aerobic capacity. The scientific data investigated by Schwarz M. et al. (2001) compared the metabolic and cardio circulatory strain during physical
activity of walking and jogging. This emphasized the relationship between the calculations of the change in pulse rate measured against the physical
activity performed. It was concluded from the study that the heart rate at the individual anaerobic threshold was also 19 to 17% lower during aerobic
if compared to anaerobic exercises. However, this illustrated the importance of individual differences. The variances to one another, factors of age,
weight, diet and other lifestyle factors inhibit the extent of how the data can be measured and interpreted. This further justifies that with the absence of
these limiting factors, the calculations used in the study are deemed to be as accurate as possible although individual discrepancies have to be
considered which may alter the results of the

A Research Study On Cellular Respiration Essay
A cellular poison is considered as a metabolic poison that inhibits cellular respiration, electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane. Cyanide
poison is the poison that block the last enzyme from entering the electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane. This poison also inhibits the
formation of producing ATP. Without the formation ATP, ATP has to be formed through the steps of glycolysis. During glycolysis, the process in cell
respiration. It produces four ATP but it uses two ATP and form two net ATP. Cyanide poison is the main reason why the formation ATP in not
complete. Research will show why that is.
The most effective method of ATP production iscellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and
producing molecules of ATP( The Free Resource). There are three steps that involve cellular respiration: glycolyis, the Kreb cycle and electron
transport chain. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose. It mostly occur in the cytosol of the cell. During the process of glycolysis, a phosphate group
from the ATP is transferred to glucose to produce glucose 6 phosphate. Glucose 6 phosphate is converted into fructose 6 phosphate with the help of an
enzyme called isomerase. The enzyme phosphofructokinase change fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 biophosphate. Fructose 1,6 biophosphate is
split into two sugar. Those sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceradehyde 3 phosphate. The enzyme triophosphate

Chapter 9
–Objectives
–Equation for Cellular Respiration
–Electron Carriers and Redox Reactions
–Process of Cell Respiration –Glycolysis –Prep Reaction –Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) –Electron Transport Chain
–Fermentation
–The Ingredients
–You already know what is needed for Cellular Respiration
Food + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide+ Water +ENERGY!
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 +H2O + ATP
–Redox Reactions (the shuffling of electrons)
Most of the reactions involved in the process are possible because of the redox reaction of NAD, an electron carrier
Oxidation – a reaction in which a substance loses electrons C6H1206 CO2
Reduction – a...show more content...
No that's not all!
2 Molecules of ATP(e)
2 Molecules of NADH
Pryuvates move to the mitochondria
And go through some conversions
They transform to acetyl CoA
And that's the alteration
We get out one NADH
Now on to a rotation

The Krebs cycle goes round and round
Every turn yields one Tri–Phosphate
We also get one FADH2
Which is used in the final formation
With 3 NADHs Now
Electron Translocation
That's the end of the current phase
The next has oxidation
Now let's move to the final stage
Of Cellular Respiration
Just get a clue
As we move to
Oxidative Phosphorylation
FADH2 is the silver in the cell
NADH

How Cellular Respiration Is Important? Essay
Introduction: Organisms use a variety of methods in order to produce the necessary energy molecules that drive cellular processes. This energy
molecule is commonly Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP. In the absence of oxygen, some organisms revert to a process known as fermentation, which
breaks down the chemical bonds in glucose in order to produce ATP. One of the organism that undergo this process is yeast, a common bacteria used
in the production of alcoholic beverages and bred. In this experiment we are going to look at cellular respiration, process in which cells produce the
energy they need to survive. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of Adenosine
Triphosphate. Cellular respiration is a critical for the survival of most organisms because cells cannot use the energy in glucose until it is stored in
ATP to power virtually all their activities. Cellular respiration is important because all cells use oxygen to convert raw food products into energy they
can use for health. In the process they make a bi–product, which is carbon dioxide and waste material. If there were no cellular respiration the cell
would die due to lack of oxygen needed for food conversion. Cellular respiration occurs in three main steps. The first step takes place in the cytoplasm
of the cell. The final two steps take place in the mitochondria of the cell. Specifically, the second step occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Conclusion Of Cellular Respiration
Introduction Cellular respiration is an essential part of metabolic pathways for eukaryotic organisms. Within cellular respiration there was several
steps, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation, in order to create energy for the cells. Within glycolysis,
a glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvates and water, and also creates a three carbon molecule. Glycolysis is performed within the cytosol
of a cell. Also, within glycolysis, two adenosine triphosphate molecules were needed, and glycolysis netted four adenosine triphosphate molecules. In
pyruvate oxidation, the two pyruvate molecules move to the inner membranes of the mitochondria, and the molecules are converted into two carbon
molecules, known as acetyl coenzyme A. In this step, carbon dioxide is released and NADH is created. In the Citric Acid Cycle, acetyl coA couples with
a four carbon molecule, and begins a cycle of reactions. In oxidative phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2 move the electrons down the chain, and the
electrons lose their energy when going through oxidation and reduction down the electron transport chain. With that, H+ ions is released into proton
pumps. The electrons then flow back down an ATP synthase carrier, which nets about thirty adenosine triphosphate molecules, (Steps). In the succinate
dehydrogenase (SDH) lab, bovine liver was used in order to obtain mitochondria fractions. This study's aim was to test the effects acetolactate has on the

t
The purpose of this lab is to observe carbon dioxide being produced during an anaerobic respiration. Students will understand the effects of inhibitors.
During the experiment for Mitosis, students should understand the different stages of mitosis and the cell cycle. They should be able to observe the
stages of mitosis in the experiment.
Cellular respiration releases energy as organic molecules are oxidized. ATP orAdenosine triphosphate is where this energy is stored. Cells need ATP to
metabolize and use it to transport, reproduce, and various other important activities. Through a process called glycolysis, glucose breaks down to
pyruvate as glucose is oxidized. In ATP, energy released from glucose is stored. Cells can perform glycolysis with or without the presence of oxygen.
With oxygen, cells go through the Krebs cycle, in which the cells can oxidize pyruvate to carbon dioxide. The organisms that use this aerobic
respiration after glycolysis are called aerobes....show more content...
Yeast and fungi are examples. Even without oxygen, they can perform the oxidation of glucose and release of ethanol and carbon dioxide is possible.
A downside of this respiration is that it will produce 18–fold fewer ATP per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration does. This is because it does not
go through the Kreb's cycle or electron transport chain. During procedure 12.1, students will observe anaerobic fermentation by yeast and the effects
of pyruvate, Magnesium sulfate, Sodium fluoride and glucose on the anaerobic respiration of yeast. Pyruvate is produced from glycolysis. It can be
reduced to ethanol or lactic acid during the

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Explained

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