4. Revision : Basic interrogatives
English
Hindi
How much/many?
Kitnā / kitnē?
How?
Kaisē?
What?
Kyā?
When?
Kab?
Where?
Kahān?
Who?
Kaun?
Which?
Kaunsa?
Why?
Kyon?
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5. Revision : Conversation!
English
Hindi
Which language do you
speak?
Āp kaunsi bhāṣā bōltay hō?
I speak Spanish/Hindi
Maiṁ Spanish/Hindi bōltī/bōltā hooṁ
Why are you angry?
Āp nārāj kyon ho?
I am angry because I stole
Maiṁ nārāj hooṁ kyōṅki mērē paisey
my money
gumā ho gayē
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7. Today's conversation!
This is Mark
That is Lisa
Today we will learn a new
Sentence Structur
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8. Demonstratives
Demonstratives are words relying on an
external frame of reference(they are not
things said in the sentence itself)
that indicate what entity is a
speaker referring to
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9. Demonstratives
For example,
'That car' answers the question,
'Which car'?
(car being the external frame of reference here)
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10. Demonstratives
This
Yaha
Unlike English, in Hindi demonstratives
always come before the object subject
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11. Demonstratives
That
Vaha
Unlike English, in Hindi demonstratives
always come before the object subject
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12. Demonstratives
Demonstratives point to the entity a
speaker is referring to
This = Yaha
That = Vaha
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14. Demonstratives - example
Let's take an example:
Say you’re at a party and Lisa is standing next to
you
while Mark is on the dance floor, away from you
To introduce them you would say:
This is Lisa = Yaha Lisā hai
That is Mark = Vaha Mārk hai
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17. Demonstratives - example
This is Lisa
Yaha Lisā hai
Sentence Structure
Demonstrative | Subject | 'To-be' verb
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20. Demonstratives - example
That is Mark
Vaha Mārk hai
Sentence Structure
Demonstrative | Subject | 'To-be' verb
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21. Grammar tip
This (Yaha) is used to indicate objects /
people in close proximity
That (Vaha) is used to indicate objects
/ people who are not around
(not present / close-by)
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22. Demonstratives - example
How many fruits?
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23. Demonstratives - example
How many
kitnē
fruits
phal
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24. Demonstratives - example
How many fruits?
Kitnē phal?
Kitnē is used as 'fruits' is plural
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25. Grammar tip
Kitnē is used as 'fruits' is plural
The actual question being asked here is ‘how
many fruits are these / those?’ thus the
answer becomes 'Yaha Kitnē phal haiṁ?'
'These' and 'those ' (pronouns) also
acts as a demonstrative
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26. Demonstratives - example
How many fruits(are these)?
Yaha kitnē phal haiṁ?
Question structure
Demonstrative | Interrogation | Suject |
'To-be' verb
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27. Let's see if you remember…
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28. Exercise : Pick the right option
'How many fruits' translates to___
1
2
3
Yaha Lisā hai
Kitnē phal
Yaha kitnē phal haiṁ
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29. Solution
'How many fruits' translates to___
1
2
3
Yaha Lisā hai
Kitnē phal
Yaha kitnē phal haiṁ
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30. Recall what the other options translate as!
English
Hindi
This is Lisa
Yaha Lisā hai
How many fruits are these
Yaha Kitnē phal haiṁ
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32. Revision : Today's conversation!
English
Hindi
This is Lisa
Yaha Lisā hai
That is Mark
Vaha Mārk hai
How many fruits?
Kitnē phal?
How many fruits(are these)?
Yaha Kitnē phal haiṁ?
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33. Culture leaf
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34. Culture leaf - Games in India
Field Hockey is the national game on India
A wide variety of sports is played throughout the
country These include kabbadi, kho kho, pehlwani,
and gilli-danda
British rule brought many popular sports in India
including football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, squash,
Hockey, boxing, snooker, and billiards
Indians are crazy about cricket
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35. Culture leaf - Games in India
India is the birthplace of chess
The original word for 'chess' is
chaturanga (Sanskrit) meaning
'four members of an army'
Which were mostly likely
elephants, horses, chariots, and
foot soldiers
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36. What's next?
In the next lesson we will lean how to use
demonstratives along with interrogations!
We will answer questions such as ‘What
is this?' 'When did this happen?'
and many more!
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