FINAL CAPSTONE PAPER PROJECT 2 The Effects of Performance Drugs Usage on Decision Making of Superstar Professional Athletes Trae’Von Clavo Belhaven University MSA 670 Dr. Woods Date Abstract This Final Capstone Paper Project includes the unit’s writing from the entire course. My approved sport administration issue in my sport administration field was “The Effects of Performance Drugs Usage on Decision Making of Superstar Professional Athletes’’. As per the direction, all the topics for my Capstone Paper Projects for all the units correlated with this approved sport administration issue. The covered areas include the ‘‘The Value of Education in Your Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Value of Understanding Current Issues and Trends in Sports Organization’’, ‘‘Leadership and Sports Ethics in Sports Organizations’’, ‘‘High-Performance Teamwork and the Success of Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Value of Advanced Organized Leadership in a Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Impact of Sports Finance and Budgeting in a Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Ethics of Strategic Leadership in a Sports Organization’’. ‘‘The Importance of Understanding Current Issues in Human Resources of a Sports Organization’’, ‘‘How Will You Impact or Incorporate a Christian Worldview within the Parameters of an Existing of Future Sports Organization’’, and ‘‘Personal Reflections on Your Master of Sports Administration Academic Journey: From Bachelor’s Degree to Master’s Degree’’, respectively. In the following sections, I present my findings. Acknowledgement I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues who have reviewed the text and offered comprehensive feedback and suggestions for the material’s improvement. Since you are very many and you know yourselves, I have named and inscribed you in my hearts. I also acknowledge my professor, Dr. Woods, whom, despite his busy schedule, was always there to guide me on how to go about the Project. Your kind, well-intentioned, and valuable contributions are highly appreciated Over the years, many Belhaven University graduates have worked on several projects that have had a significant positive contribution to the study of Sport Administration. It is from the knowledge and wisdom from these texts that informed and shaped my project. Thank you. My parents, spouse, and children have a special place in my heart for having supported and encouraged me to complete the project. Finally, I lack words to thank the Lord for His enduring gift of life and divine provision. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover page…………………………………………………………..….………………………1 Abstract……………………………………………………………….……………..………….2 Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………..………………….3 Table of Contents………………………………………………………….…………….…….4 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…….…….5 1.0. The Value of Education in Your Sports Organization 2.0. The Value of Understanding Current Issues and Trends in Sports Organization. 3.0. Leadership and Sports Ethics in Sports Organizations 4.0. Hi ...

1. FINAL CAPSTONE PAPER PROJECT 2
The Effects of Performance Drugs Usage on Decision Making of
Superstar Professional Athletes
Trae’Von Clavo
Belhaven University
MSA 670
Dr. Woods
Date
Abstract
This Final Capstone Paper Project includes the unit’s writing
from the entire course. My approved sport administration issue
in my sport administration field was “The Effects of
Performance Drugs Usage on Decision Making of Superstar
Professional Athletes’’. As per the direction, all the topics for
my Capstone Paper Projects for all the units correlated with this
approved sport administration issue. The covered areas include
the ‘‘The Value of Education in Your Sports Organization’’,
‘‘The Value of Understanding Current Issues and Trends in
Sports Organization’’, ‘‘Leadership and Sports Ethics in Sports
Organizations’’, ‘‘High-Performance Teamwork and the Success
of Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Value of Advanced Organized
Leadership in a Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Impact of Sports
Finance and Budgeting in a Sports Organization’’, ‘‘The Ethics

2. of Strategic Leadership in a Sports Organization’’. ‘‘The
Importance of Understanding Current Issues in Human
Resources of a Sports Organization’’, ‘‘How Will You Impact
or Incorporate a Christian Worldview within the Parameters of
an Existing of Future Sports Organization’’, and ‘‘Personal
Reflections on Your Master of Sports Administration Academic
Journey: From Bachelor’s Degree to Master’s Degree’’,
respectively. In the following sections, I present my findings.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues who have
reviewed the text and offered comprehensive feedback and
suggestions for the material’s improvement. Since you are very
many and you know yourselves, I have named and inscribed you
in my hearts.
I also acknowledge my professor, Dr. Woods, whom, despite his
busy schedule, was always there to guide me on how to go about
the Project. Your kind, well-intentioned, and valuable
contributions are highly appreciated
Over the years, many Belhaven University graduates have
worked on several projects that have had a significant positive
contribution to the study of Sport Administration. It is from the
knowledge and wisdom from these texts that informed and
shaped my project. Thank you.
My parents, spouse, and children have a special place in my
heart for having supported and encouraged me to complete the
project.
Finally, I lack words to thank the Lord for His enduring gift of
life and divine provision.

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
page…………………………………………………………..….……
…………………1
Abstract……………………………………………………………….
……………..………….2
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………
……..………………….3
Table of
Contents………………………………………………………….……
……….…….4
Introduction…………………………………………………………
……………..…….…….5
1.0. The Value of Education in Your Sports Organization
2.0. The Value of Understanding Current Issues and Trends in
Sports Organization.
3.0. Leadership and Sports Ethics in Sports Organizations
4.0. High-Performance Teamwork and the Success of Sports
Organization
5.0. The Value of Advanced Organized Leadership in a Sports
Organization
6.0. The Impact of Sports Finance and Budgeting in a Sports
Organization
7.0. The Ethics of Strategic Leadership in a Sports
Organization
8.0. The Importance of Understanding Current Issues in Human
Resources of a Sports Organization
9.0. How Will You Impact or Incorporate a Christian
Worldview within the Parameters of an Existing of Future
Sports Organization
10.0. Personal Reflections on Your Master of Sports
Administration Academic Journey: From Bachelor’s Degree to
Master’s Degree

4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………..
……………………….27
References……………………………………………………………
………………..…….28
Introduction
The Sport Administration (& Management) field is increasingly
becoming a highly lucrative and competitive profession. Sport
administrators work with athletics and athletics organizations to
improve sports programs. Graduates and undergraduates of sport
administration can look forward to working as operations
managers and other leaders in sports organiza tions like fitness
clubs, local and international professional sports teams, college
athletic departments, etc. Others may work as coaches and
players’ agents. As managers, leaders, and administrators in
sports organizations, they strive to create programs that would
be beneficial and profitable to both the team and players, and
ensure overall success both on and off the field. However, as
sports organizations are increasingly facing several issues, sport
administration graduates needs to understand, internalize,
design and implement effective and appropriate strategies that
would help solve such challenges.
There are several ethical challenges and dilemmas currently
affecting the sports industry. For instance, the issue of athletics
– from amateurs to superstar professional athletes – usage of
doping substances and other performance-enhancing drugs
(PEDs) is significantly on the rise. Thus, PEDs usage amongst
athletes has become highly controversial, and has attracted
significant levels of ethical disapproval. As an ethical issue in
sports administration, PEDs are risky to the athletes health-
wise, and have significantly lowered sports integrity, sports
spirit, and professional. Thus my approved sport administration
issue in my sport administration field was “The Effects of
Performance Drugs Usage on Decision Making of Superstar
Professional Athletes’’. I will discuss all the areas related to

5. this assigned topic in the next sections.
1.0. The Value of Education in Your Sports Organization
Generally, being a superstar professional athlete comes with
many opportunities. Apart from the huge salaries and media
attention they receive, most of these athletes also act as brand
ambassadors for many organizations and receive enormous
compensations and favors. To many youths, superstar athletes
are role models who need to be emulated at all costs. We live in
a society that is significantly attracted to sports and views it as
a form of escapism. Thus, our society perceives athletes as role
models for everyone in the community. However, since no one
is perfect, these superstar athletes can serve as good and bad
role models (Riley, 2017). Additionally, being a superstar
athlete also comes with the pressure to win at all costs. Thus,
the athletes' heightened use of performance-enhancing drugs
(PEDs) has become an endemic ethical problem in our societies.
Thus, the appropriate sports education may help solve the
problem.
Several athletes have, in the recent past, been caught or
admitted using PEDs. Andre Agassi, Mark McGwire, Barry
Bonds, Lance Armstrong, Maria Sharapova, Ben Johnson,
Ekaterina Bobrova, etc. are just some of the superstar
professional athletes who have been implicated in the PEDs
usage scandal (Jussim, 2020; CBC News, 2016). The PEDs are
prohibited drugs or substances that enhance any form of human
performance by boosting their muscle strength and power and
aiding in its quick recovery. Although such effects are
beneficial at face value, their usage has elicited several ethical
and professional sports issues. PEDs may unfairly help an
athlete win in a competition over competitors who have not used
them. Such an occurrence is against the sport's values of fair
play, professionalism, and sportsmanship. Additionally, several
health issues exist related to PEDs' usage (Mayo Clinic Staff,
2019). Finally, if caught, an athlete’s career may just end like
that.
Despite all the aforementioned consequences, the athletes’ use

6. of PEDs is continually on the rise. Consequently, having the
athletes undergo a sports values education and training may be a
valuable solution for the problem. Sports managers,
administrators, educationists, etc. can play a critical role in
information these superstar professional athletes that PEDs are
a threat to their health and careers and society's wellbeing.
Contemporaneously, it is commonplace that an athletic superstar
who has meteorically risen into the apex of the sports, with fans
marveling at their agility, quickness, and strength, have in the
next instant been brought to a screeching halt due to PEDs'
usage. Generally, the PEDs' usage accusations would be
followed by investigations, probations, suspensions, and under
the worst-case scenario, suspensions, and expulsions from the
sports (Northwestern University, 2015).
For many athletes, the usage of PEDs despite its risks is a
calculated risk, i.e., these athletes are just gamblers. They have
to evaluate not only its benefits and downsides but also the risk
of being caught. However, the winner bias and the need for
extra cash and fame drive most athletes to decide to use PEDs.
Thus, good values and PEDs education should be holistic in that
it should cover the drugs' effects on athletes, sports, and
society. Without education, many athletes would be consumed
with the potent and addictive drive to be victorious over a
defeated opponent and the glory that comes with it, rather than
following the overriding sports notions of fair play and
sportsmanship. The education helps professional athletes
understand that their fervent pursuit for victory would
ultimately and significantly compromise their ability to make
the appropriate decision (Whitman, 2007). Additionally, they
should be made to understand that the drugs threaten the
millions of children fans who view them as role models and the
societal ideals of valorous pursuit of victory, hard work, and
integrity. Without the appropriate values of education, it will be
difficult to prevent the vice.
2.0. The Value of Understanding Current Issues and Trends in
Sports Organization

7. Sports ethics are very integral to any sporting activity. Values
like strong work ethics, integrity, sportsmanship, and general
ethical conduct or behavior remain at the individual athletes'
apex and professional teams' goals. However, when the athletes
fail to live up to the ethical expectations, they are likely to be
recipients of immense public ire and league penalties. Several
ethical issues are increasingly taking traction in sports,
including the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) by
athletes. In every major sporting team and association, any
athlete who has been found guilty of using any illegal
performance-enhancing drug will likely face a diverse range of
penalties, including fines, recall of awards, suspension, or even
expulsion. Thus, as one of the sports administrators close to the
athletes, athletics coaches have an integral role in preventing
the use of such drugs.
Despite all these adverse consequences, many athletes still use
doping drugs and related performance-enhancing substances.
Several high profile athletes like Andre Agassi, Mark McGwire,
Barry Bonds, Lance Armstrong, Maria Sharapova, Ben Johnson,
Ekaterina Bobrova, etc. have either admitted or found guilty of
using these drugs (CBC News, 2016). Annually, the World Anti-
Doping Agency (WADA) screens urine and blood samples from
several hundreds of thousands of Olympic athletes. From these
tests, up to 2% of them usually test positive for prohibited
substances. However, it is projected that the number of actual
cases could be significantly high (Specktor, 2018).
A successful sports administration and management career
require that one understands the influence of ethics in
professional sports. Sports managers must always be aware that
if players break the ethical rules and guidelines, both the player
and the team can face severe fines and penalties. Unfortunately,
many athletes still use performance-enhancing drugs. PEDs can
boost any form of activity performance in humans because they
increase muscle mass and strength. In sports, athletes' use of
doping and anabolic-androgenic steroids is banned since they
could give a sportsperson an unfair advantage over the

8. competitors who do not use them, and therefore, undermine
sports values like teamwork and fair play. Additionally,
performance-enhancing substances have also been determined to
have various negative health consequences (Mayo Clinic Staff,
2019).
However, several superstar professional athletes are still
factually or legally guilty for PEDs’ usage. Whitman (2007)
argues that the society’s implicit approval of PEDs is a positive
externality that has been effective in overshadowing the two
negative externalities, i.e., the decrease in the level of
confidence that the public has on the sports’ integrity and the
PEDs’ negative effects on the nation’s youth. Thus, the author
determines that PEDs’ usage in sports by professional athletes
has become an endemic ethical crisis in the society instead of
contributing towards the improvement in social welfare. The
‘‘winner bias’’ concerning PEDs’ usage by athletes has
significantly clouded their judgment to an extent that they
cannot accurately and appropriately realize the consequences of
their decisions to the general society (Whitman, 2007). Thus, by
trying to win at all cost and by all means, the athletes
jeopardize the society’s wellbeing.
Athletics coaches have a significant role to play in managing
the situation. First, whether they suspend the implicated athletes
or release public statements against such acts, how they handle
the cases significantly influences public perception. Secondly,
coaches should engage the athletes in ethical values education
(Balci & Erdeveciler, 2017). The coaches can engage the
athletes in teaching and workshops where they can be trained on
the fact that performance-enhancement drugs threaten their
health, unfairly enhance performance, and violate the spirit of
sportsmanship. They also play an integral role in sports ethics
because of their immense ability to set and influence the team
culture (STU, 2019). They should involve the players in open
discussions to inform them that the use of the prohibited
substances is unethical, immoral, unsportsmanlike, and illegal.
3.0. Leadership and Sports Ethics in Sports Organizations

9. Superstar professional athletes are imitated, admired, and
revered by the youths in the society. However, the fortunes,
fame, and notoriety also come with immense responsibility.
Generally, whereas guardians and parents act as role models to
their kids, the superstar professional athletes are deity-like
heroes. Thus, although some of these athletes may deny that
they do not have any accountability to the youths and the
society, the fact is that they do. Ideally, if not realistically,
sports figures need to portray integrity and honesty to the young
people and the society because they owe them their stardom. It
is the young people who tune-in for games, sit in the stadium
seats, buy their jerseys etc.
Consequently, the athletic competition should be guided by the
spirit of sportsmanship, fair play, and professionalism at every
level. Sports competition should be about having a level playing
field, spirit de corps, safe and productive training techniques,
team values, and hard work (Mannie, 2018). Athletes should
achieve a competitive edge and greatness over the others
through God-given talents, physical and mental toughness, and
perseverance in the most optimal and honorable way possible.
Unfortunately, the contemporary sports competition has been
more about the athlete who has used the best prohibited,
dangerous chemicals to boost their performance. The use of
performance enhancing drugs elicits a lot of ethical issues in
sports competition at all levels. Thus, it is the responsibility of
the sports management and administration, based on an ethical
leadership, to inform the athletes about the dangers of PEDs’
usage. These prohibited drugs have left the legacies of some of
the most prolific and highly talented athletes of this generation
tainted with an asterisk suggesting their guilt for PEDs usage.
Ethical leaders will want to inform the athletes that about from
destroying their career, legacy, and health, PEDs also destroys
the lives of countless young people who, driven by the ‘‘winner
bias’’ effect, would want to achieve greatness and all that
comes with it at all cost. Perhaps, the best example of a
leadership failure in curbing PEDs usage was during the Sochi

10. Olympics in 2014 when Russia was alleged to have run a
systematic doping program. The whistle-blower, Grigory
Rodchenkov, who was the director of Russia’s anti-doping lab,
confessed how the country developed and ran elaborate
protocols and schemes to create PEDs and a plot to switch the
implicated athlete’ urine samples to evade detection. The
Russia’s case demonstrates just how states can sponsor far -
reaching doping tactics to help their athletes win. The whistle-
blower, who said that he also masterminded and participated in
the program after being forced by high-profile and powerful
people in the Russian government, apologized for the act,
stating that the illegal and unethical actions denied hardworking
and clean athletes from having a level playing field (Mannie,
2018).
Ethical sports leaders value integrity, honor, and fair
competition. The type of leadership normally both resides
within the leader because of their deeply-held beliefs and
disseminates outward from them concerning their behavior and
thoughts. Sports leaders demonstrate ethical leadership through
normatively appropriate conduct via personal actions and
interpersonal relations. They also demons trate it through their
promotion of such normatively-appropriate conducts to their
followers through decision-making, reinforcement, and
communication (Ibrahim, 2017). Athletes, coaches, physicians,
team administrative staffs, governments, etc. should cooperate
and marshal all their resources towards ensuring that the ethical
issue of PEDs usage is completely remedied. Coaches,
administrators, organizers, leaders, etc. are responsible for
always being vigilant in ensuring the prompt detection of those
who conspire to cheat the system.
4.0. High-Performance Teamwork and the Success of Sports
Organization
Every athlete and sports team wants to emerge as the best side
in any competition. Unfortunately, some superstar professional
athletes get driven by the winner bias to an extent that they no
longer care about the overall team success or the sports values.

11. Such athletes want to win at any cost, even if it means using
performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) to give them a
competitive edge over their competitors. The greed for
emerging winners in competitions, and the fortunes, notoriety,
and fame that come with it have even driven some sports
organizations and government to the point of masterminding
doping schemes to give their athletes a competitive edge over
their competitors. For instance, during the 2014 Sochi
Olympics, Russia was accused and found guilty for having
masterminding such a systematic doping scheme (Mannie,
2018). However, the usage of PEDs by the superstar
professional athletes will always have a negative consequence,
to the athletes’ health, their career, and the societal wellbeing
and welfare. It goes against the sports’ spirit and values of
professionalism, fair play, sportsmanship. Additionally, even if
they are not caught, the guilty-conscience will eternally
reproach them.
PEDs usage can also affect teamwork amongst athletes. Ideally,
athletes use the drugs to enable them primarily achieve personal
success and glory, whereas the overall team success is a
secondary goal. Thus, ensuring a team agility and resonance
becomes very hard. Thus, a safer, holistic, and ethical
alternative to PEDs usage is the building of high-performance
team-work. The building of high-performance teamwork is
critical for an agile winning team. High-performance teams
need talented, skillful athletes and trust-based cooperative
behavior amongst its members to ensure team success. Such
teams are based on communication, trust, and clear vision, and
responsible, skilled, and motivated team-members.
Additionally, ethical leadership is also critical for high-
performance teams because it helps set clear legal and ethical
goals, standards, roles, and principles for everyone to follow.
Teams are an integral part of the sports organization’s culture.
Team-base structures are the only component that can ensure
organizations transform into agile high-performers, especially
under the contemporary sports environment that is common with

12. fast transformations and complexities. High-performance teams,
although not very common, can help any sports organizations
achieve what would otherwise seem extra-ordinary and
unachievable (Hakanen, Häkkinen, & Soudunsaari, 2015).
Sports teams, when built under high-performance ideals rather
than PEDs usage, would help its members deliver an extra-
ordinarily excessive performance that could not be reasonably
expected compared to its competitors. In sports competitions
where teamwork is required, such as rugby, soccer and football,
having the best individuals, high-end facilities, extraordinary
coaches, and more resources does not guarantee success.
However, it is only those teams that can optimally combine its
members’ insights, experiences, and skills and transform them
into a high-performance team that can be sure of success
(Afterburner, 2020). High-performance teams differ from the
working groups, because under the latter, every team member
will care about the group’s success. Thus, ethical and successful
leaders must strive to develop such teams rather than let
athletes cheat the system.
5.0. The Value of Advanced Organized Leadership in a Sports
Organization
In the contemporary era where the usage of performance-
enhancement drugs (PEDs) by athletes has broken the ceiling,
sports organizations are desperate for measures that can be used
to correct the problem, and by extension, preserve the spirit of
sports. Advanced leadership is one of the measures.
Typically, most of the doping and PEDs usage cases currently
being witnessed are an indirect or direct result of leadership
failures. For instance, the Russia doping scandal during the
2014 Sochi Olympics was caused by athletes leaders’
irresoluteness to stand up for the sports values. The
government-sponsored doping program significantly altered the
past Olympics Games’ results. Thus, sports officials and
athletes compromised on their principles to aid the widespread
and state-sponsored doping scheme (Mannie, 2018). In 2016,
anti-doping authorities drawn from about 20 countries voiced

13. their concern for the deteriorating sports ethics, and called for a
change in WADA’s leadership. Following a meeting held in
Bonn, Germany, the officials repeated their recommendation
that no anti-doping decision-maker should be allowed to hold a
policy-making position or role within a sports organization to
prevent or minimize the occurrence of cases of conflicts of
interest with could arise when ‘‘…officials promote the
Olympic brand while pursuing offenses that could tarnish it…’’
as had been witnessed during the Russian doping scandal (Ruiz,
2016). Thus, leaders should play a critical role in restoring the
public’s confidence in the worldwide anti-doping system by
establishing policies, controls and restraints to reform the
currently corrupted system.
Advanced leadership is critical in any area of sports. As a
behavioral process, leadership influences both individuals and
groups towards the team’s set goal. The leader plays the dual
function of ensuring that all the players are satisfied while
simultaneously steering the individual and the entire team to a
success (Sampla, 2014). Advanced leaders can influence and
dissuade professional from using PEDs. Such a leadership is
built on a solid foundation comprising of a clear mission and
vision for the future, a specific strategy, and culture that is
conducive to success (Rihal, 2017).
Specifically, advanced leaders value personal excellence, the
proper attitude to realize maximum achievement, character and
integrity as their life and leadership’s foundation, patience,
effective and consistent communication, and creating the right
culture for the team to thrive (Wolf Management Consultants,
LLC., nd). Such character traits means that advanced leaders
can successfully handle virtually every challenge. According to
Ibrahim (2016), ‘‘[l]eadership constantly presents challenges
both to the leader's abilities and a person, things and change;
change brings challenge, and no matter how good a leader is,
can't stop that from happening’’ (p.73). The challenges may
come in the form of problems or people that presents obstacles
to fulfill their mandate. The author continues to state that

14. ‘‘[h[one handles those challenges will define one as a leader
and have a great deal to do with how effective one can be’’
(p.73). Advanced leaders plays the frontline leadership role, and
applies their existing or new skills and knowledge to ensure
clearer communication, retain strong teams, understand and lead
the teams, effectively resolve conflicts, and attain higher
productivity (Ibrahim, 2016).
In the sports world, advanced leaders can play the management
and leadership role. Apart from doing the tasks themselves, they
can empower their subordinates to implement and achieve anti -
doping goals. Additionally, the fights against PEDs usage is
both complex and challenging, advanced leaders are well
equipped to handle them because they can both cope with
complexity and the changes (Ibrahim, 2016). Thus, advanced
leadership is a valuable tool in the fight against PEDs. The
leaders can collaborate with their team and one another to root
out the vice. They are able to successfully adopt and enforce
anti-doping regulations. As principled and resolute leaders,
advanced leaders can help formulate and enforce strong policies
to protect whistleblowers and ensure both comprehensive
screening and the exclusion of corrupt system and officials from
international competitions. Such leaders can also exercise their
influence to halt the global doping network.
6.0. The Impact of Sports Finance and Budgeting in a Sports
Organization
The usage of performance-enhancement drugs (PEDs) by
superstar professional athletes and others continues to attract a
lot of debate as a critical issue in sports values and ethics.
Generally, PEDs such as doping substances is considered
unethical and unhealthy for the athletes, the sports industry, and
the society. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an
internationally sports management and administration funded by
the member-states, and which is responsible for the prevention
of PEDs usage by athletes. In this paper, I will discuss the
impacts of sports finance and budgeting in sports organizations,
using the case of WADA.

15. The current world Anti-doping Code developed by WADA takes
a tough approach to doping. WADA has for various occasions
justified the approach by mainly advancing two justificatory
arguments that the ‘‘protection of the spirit of sport warrants
tough measures and, second, that athletes have voluntarily
consented to the Code’’ (Geeraets, 2018). Athletes who have
been determined to be guilty for first-time doping can be
suspended for up to four years instead of the initial two years,
and that the agency now relies on strict and vicarious liability
standards. Based on the spirit of sport, there are about three
criteria that the agency is committed to. The first criterion is the
medical or related scientific evidence that the drug or method
can produce the pharmacological effect or experience that can
potentially enhance sports performance. Secondly, it also relies
on the medical or related scientific evidence that the use of the
substance or method represents a potential or actual health risk
to the athlete. Then final criteria are based on the agency’s
commitment to its determination that the substance or method’s
usage violates the sports’ spirits as per the description provided
in the introduction to the Code.
The spirit of the sport concerns health, ethics, fair play, and
honesty, teamwork, character and education, excellence in
performance, dedication and commitment, fun and joy, courage,
respect for self and other participants, respect for rules and
laws, community an solidarity, etc. However, based on the
contemporary circumstances marked by an constant and
exponential rise in doping and PEDs use cases by a burgeoning
number of athletes and financial and budgetary constraints, the
social reality is that WADA can only create a façade of justice
rather than serving it (Geeraets, 2018). WADA needs a lot of
funds to finance its activities, from testing and screening of
samples, research and development activities, investigations,
litigations, enforcements, etc. Generally, WADA relies on
funding from its members, and the unwillingness of some of its
stakeholders to provide sufficient funding of the national anti -
doping organizations (NADO) has significantly paralyzed their

16. activities. Thus, the organization has started looking for new
sources of funding from the sports industry such as betting
companies and commercial sponsors instead of solely relying on
national governments and the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) (Homewood, 2012; Grohmann, 2019). Additionally, the
agency have also in the past contemplated on including tougher
measures against stakeholders who have failed to fulfill their
financial obligations to WADA (Sportcal, 2003).
Thus, any sports organization and agency, including WADA,
needs good funding and financial practices for its practices to
thrive. For instance, due to its scope and nature, the fight
against PEDs usage needs huge funding to ensure its success. In
the case of WADA, more money and effective budgeting has
often led to more tests, increased detection, more funding for
research and development practices, etc. (Moller, 2017). The
outcome would be good sports free from PEDs. However, since
the agency is experiencing gross financial constraints, it has not
been effective in funding its operations. The result is the
burgeoning number of undetected PEDs cases, and other
unethical sports practices.
7.0. The Ethics of Strategic Leadership in a Sports Organization
Superstar professional athletes use performance-enhancement
drugs (PEDs) to enhance their performance and general
competitiveness in sports competitions. However, the usage of
these drugs in sports have been banned or prohibited based on
health, legal and ethical grounds. Globally, sports
administrators and management have prohibited these drugs
based on health grounds, citing that PEDs can potentially
damage the users’ – be they elite athletes who risk being
detected or recreational sportsperson who are unlikely to get
tested – health. Ethically and legally, they have also been
banned because of the three compelling reasons of safeguarding
sport’s values and meaning, preserving the athlete’s integrity,
and ensuring fair competition amongst the athletes (Savulescu,
Foddy, & Clayton, 2004). Ideally, it is unethical and
unprofessional for athletes who have used PEDs to enhance

17. their performance to be crowned as the competition’s winner
over those who have not used these drugs.
Ethical and strategic sports leadership is a very critical tool in
the fights against the athletes’ use of PEDs. Strategic leadership
is a three-step process that includes the strategy formulation,
implementation, and evaluation (Wahlström, 2018). Through
ethical leadership, strategic leaders can effectively and
significantly prevent or influence athletes from using PEDs like
anabolics and other steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),
diuretics, blood doping, ephedrine, Human growth hormones
(HGH), etc (Krans, 2016). Strategic leaders can successfully
help fights PEDs within the sports industry by exercising their
abilities to create ethical and desirable vision, express it,
passionately possess it, and persistently pursue it to its
fulfillment. Strategic leaders express strategic vision for their
teams and organizations and persuade and motivate them to
pursue the vision until its accomplishment. Generally, the
modern sport industry is under constant scrutiny for moral
bankruptcy (Ibrahim, 2017). Thus, strategic leaders, driven by
the incessant need for success, are ethical leaders, and apply
moral reasoning to approach and resolve value-based conflicts
and ethical dilemmas that might arise within their sports
organizations like the PEDs usage by athletes. Under such
circumstances, ethical strategic leaders strive to choose well by
pursuing options that would not only bring success to them and
the organization, but also reduce risks like damage to their
reputation.
Ethical strategic leadership is two-fold. It entails the leader
making and following ethical decisions to resolve ethical
dilemmas and exploring their deep personal beliefs and values
concerning both self and sport, and which inform their thinking
and action. Strategic leaders should prioritize value-based
culture and ethical leadership at all times. The leaders need to
serve as role models of respect, fairness, honesty,
trustworthiness, and integrity to their teams. They also model
on how the superstar professional athletes under them should

18. use values like pursuit for honor, professionalism, and the spirit
of sportsmanship to guide their decisions and actions, and that
they should strive to enact reward systems that ensure that their
team-members are accountable for ethical, legal and
professional conduct throughout their career in sports. Strategic
leaders are often at a better position to accomplish massive
success in their endeavors because of their vision and general
success that they enjoy within the organization, especially due
to their success trend. Ethical strategic leaders often have the
moral courage to follow what is morally right irrespective of the
circumstances that they may find themselves (Lumpkin & Doty,
2014). Accordingly, they can help nurture the appropriate
value-based culture that is against PEDs’ usage by athletes
within their organizations.
8.0. The Importance of Understanding Current Issues in Human
Resources of a Sports Organization
Human Resource is the organizational division mandated to
determine, screen, recruit, and train job applicants, and
administer employee-benefit programs. It also refers to the
people who collectively form the workforce of the economy,
industry, business sector, or organization. Additionally, term is
also narrowly synonymous with human capital, personnel, labor,
manpower, people, or associates. In sports organizations, human
resource is very essential because it helps them deal with the
fast-changing business environment and a greater demand for
quality employees (Kenton, 2020). Other critical human
resource responsibilities include compliance with guidelines
concerning the athletes and organizations, recruitment and
training, compensation and benefits, firing or laying-off, etc.
Similar to other organizations, the contemporary sports
organizations have undergone several critical transformations.
For instance, they have moved away from the traditional in-
house human resources administrative duties and outsourced
tasks like payrolls and benefits to the use of outside vendors.
Additionally, the incessant push for strategic human resource
initiatives within the organizations starting from as far as the

19. 1980s has given rise to the collective strategies referred to as
human resource management (HRM) strategies. The new HRM
strategies encompasses a comprehensive approaches used to
manage the organizations culture, the environment, the staff,
and the athletes. A good HRM initiative should focus on
recruiting, managing, directing the athletes towards the right
direction. For the past few years, the sports organizations have
undergone major human resource management transformations,
leading to the general evolution of everything, from the
athletes’ recruitment, software systems, athletes’ analytics, etc.
(wi-fiattendance.com, 2019).
The organizations are depending on big data analytics to
enhance performance and employee experience, advanced
people analytics like predictive models that come with advanced
feature like employee retention predictors, learning management
systems and augmented reality for training optimization,
digitalized rewards and recognition systems, online skills
assessment, biometric time tracking and security, etc. Other
general trends include the need for enhanced employee
engagement through seminars and sessions like counseling on
improved work-life balance, dietary counseling, etc., the move
towards leadership transformation, targeted recruitment, and
application of wearable tech designed to track several features
like body temperature, pupil dilation, heart rates, etc.,
performance management systems like VR, instant feedback,
real-time open-dialogue conversations etc. (wi-
fiattendance.com, 2019).
Sports organizations can leverage the current human resource
trends to help in the fight of performance-enhancement drugs’
(PEDs’) usage amongst superstar professional athletes with
greater success. Effective HRM practices are very critical in the
sports in the sports industry, and can significantly improve
discipline amongst the athletes (Sports Facilities Advisory,
LLC., 2019). By using better human resource practices during
the athletes’ recruitment, selection and appraisal stages, the
sports coaches and other managers would significantly reduce

20. the uptake of PEDs users into the organization. Additional,
focusing on close employee engagement practices would help
the human resource department identify the culprits and initiate
or invoke the necessary corrective or rehabilitative measures.
Additionally, better or effective HR practices can be used as an
alternative to the employees’ use of PEDs to enhance their
performance. Contemporary research shows that being in
compliance with good HRM practices can significantly improve
the sport’s organization’s sporting performance (Georgios &
Chatzoglou, 2008). Sports organizations needs to understand
and implement effective human resource development policies
and practices that are against the use of PEDs and use dedicated
HRM managers to enforce them. Since human resource also
entails the philosophies specifying the organization’s values,
sports managers and administrators can successfully use the
desirable practices and policies to enforce these positive and
anti-PEDs values, and understand their enforcement (Ohio
University, 2020). If properly applied, effective human resource
can lead to higher athletic achievement levels amongst athletes
and within the forum organizations even without their use of
PEDs.
9.0. How Will You Impact or Incorporate a Christian
Worldview within the Parameters of an Existing of Future
Sports Organization
The world of athletics and sports is full of activities that can
drag us out of faith. People are obsessed with competing,
winning, and gaining fame and riches by every means possible.
Consequently, most of the athletics debates are informed more
by secular reasoning rather than faith. Fortunately, one of our
study objectives was to successfully integrate faith and a
Christian worldview applicable to all areas of sports
administration and coaching professions. I am particularly
drawn to how sports administrators and managers can apply
faith and a Christian worldview to fight against the massive
usage of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) by superstar
professional athletes at every level.

21. As I have noted in my earlier posts, the use of PEDs by
superstar professional athletes is an endemic ethical challenge
that has lowered our faith in sports' integrity and had a
significant adverse impact on social welfare. Thanks to the
overarching ''winner bias phenomenon'' that has significantly
clouded the athletes' judgment, they continue to use these drugs
and substances to emerge the winners in competitions without
realizing the potential harm their behavior poses to sports,
society, and themselves (Whitman, 2007). We live in an age
where athletes pursue success at all costs without considering
the means. Fortunately, sports administrators and managers can
help solve the problem by integrating faith and a Christian
worldview in their practice. Lawrence Ressler (2008) argues in
her journal article, The Integration of Athletics and Faith, that
faith and ‘‘…Christian worldview should impact how one
understands competition, coaching philosophy, the concept of
team membership and the use of abilities’’ and ‘‘…the purpose
and meaning of sports’’. If we realize such integration, we can
successfully fight PEDs' usage amongst athletes because of a
faith-based and Christian worldview values trust, fairness,
humility, and integrity in all kinds of competition.
The Bible contains several verses relevant to faith, integrity,
humility, honor, and fairness in all forms of competition. For
instance, in Galatians 5: 19-20, the Bible states some
undesirable traits that Christians must avoid, including enmity,
strife, jealousy, rivalries, dissensions, and divisions. PEDs
usage directly leads to these outcomes. The Bible also urges us
to consider others' interests in the same way that we consider
ours. In Philippians 2: 3-4, the Bible states that ‘‘[d]o nothing
out of rivalry or conceit, but in humility considers others as
more important than you. Everyone should look out not only for
his own interests but also for the interests of others’’. Lying i n
a competition is also prohibited in James 3: 14- 15, which states
that ''[b]ut if you are bitterly jealous and there is selfish
ambition in your heart, do not cover up the truth with boasting
and lying. For jealousy and selfishness are not God’s kind of

22. wisdom. Such things are earthly, unspiritual, and demonic''.
Furthermore, even for those who get away with cheating and
earn all the fame, enormous rewards, and attention, the Bible
states that such are vanity and that we can only cheat men, not
God. The Bible says that ''…[y]ou are those who justify
yourselves before men, but God knows your hearts. For what is
exalted among men is an abomination in the sight of God (Luke
16:15-16).
Now, what can sports administrators and managers do to contain
the vice? The Bible has a solution. Romans 12: 2 warns us
against copying the world's customs and urges us to ''…let God
transform [us] into a new person by changing the way [we]
think''. It continues to state that we should ''…become
conceited, provoking and envying [of] each other'' (Gal. 5: 26).
By incorporating faith and Christian teaching in athletes, I will
implement and enforce policies against the ethical issue and
lead by example. Through workshops and mentorship programs,
I would explain to the athletes that the primary end of their life
and competitions is to know God and Jesus Christ as the eternal
life (John 12:2) rather than the lure of winning and the
accompanying fame, riches, power.
Finally, PEDs have several adverse healthcare implications on
the body. Many athletes who have used them often live to
narrate heartbreaking stories about how these substances
affected their lives (USADA, 2020). However, God prohibits
anyone from taking any drug or substance that is harmful to
their body. For instance, the Bible states that ''[d]o you not
know that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in
you? If anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him’’ (I
Cor. 3:16-17). I will inform them that even if they use these
drugs and get away with it in this world, God will ultimately
punish them for harming His temple.
10.0. Personal Reflections on Your Master of Sports
Administration Academic Journey: From Bachelor’s Degree to
Master’s Degree
I have realized that sports administration is a highly demanding

23. but lucrative field, contrary to popular opinion. In my reflection
on my ''Masters of Sports Administration Academic Journey:
From Bachelor's to Master's Degree'', I will describe my
academic journey in the field, the past, the present, and the
future.
Until now, I have come to understand that a degree, either
Bachelor’s or Master’s, is ideal for people who want to combine
their passion and enthusiasm for sports and business skills. If
successful in achieving optimal combination and landing or
creating a lucrative career role or position, one is sure to enjoy
a successful career. In general, the sports administration degree
imparts to students concepts and skills related to marketing,
finance, management and administration, and law and ethical
issues related to the sports industry. The classes and topics are
designed to help learners understand the sports organization's
business side while using the latest technologies and trends. The
outcomes are that students can develop and broaden their
skillsets in sports and its administrative issues and also acquire
essential competencies related to attentiveness to details,
communication, problem-solving, and critical thinking, to name
but a few. The skills are not in vain. Graduates at every level
need them for a successful career and in every situation, like
negotiating a multibillion-dollar deal for a team or player that
they represent or a sponsorship contract for a local event.
How did I get here? It usually is tough to find a definitive
solution to the question. However, the shortest answer is that I
got here due to many years of hard work, focus, diligence,
adaptability, and trust in God's guidance. I developed an
interest in sports and sports administration in high school. As a
popular and excellent basketball player in high school, I was
made the captain for our school-team in the final year. My
primary role was to coordinate all the team's activities. After
high school, I would go on to play street basketball, and
ultimately, join a local but popular basketball team. Since then,
I have never looked back on my love for sports. Thus, I
managed to secure admission to pursue a bachelor's degree in

24. Sports Administration. Many people think that sports
administration is about practicing and playing. However, it
requires significant mental input. The bachelor's degree lays the
theoretical foundation in sports law, sports history,
communication, finance, sports facility management, event
management, sports marketing, ethical and legal issues in sports
administration, etc. I must admit that I had a successful
academic journey in college.
The Master's degree entails specializing in and advancing one's
knowledge in a particular field. During the Master's program, I
have learned a lot, especially in research and sports ethics
related to athletes' use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs).
I have established that sports administrators engage in many
research activities when handling both sports and business
issues related to the industry. Though I still play basketball, I
was also lucky to land a coaching job at an upcoming
community basketball team. For the past two years that I have
been holding the position, I have started noticing some positive
developments. The team-members' cohesion and drive have
improved, and we have significantly attracted and retained
many sponsors and fans who have continued to support us.
I have a great passion for playing and coaching basketball.
However, armed with my Sports Administration degrees, I know
that I can comfortably work as an event organizer, sports
academician and researcher, sports manager, etc. I understand
that to be successful in the sports industry, I must be passionate
about sports and business (Balan, 2020). My future goal is to
help my team achieve its goal of being a successful team. Also
look forward to raising a pool of young, competitive, highly-
talented, and professional basketball players who would be able
to dominate and live a mark in the basketball world for years to
come. Fortunately, through the Master’s degree, I have learned
how to push for more innovation in the world of physical
fitness, support athletes, revolutionize the athletics program,
and lead the team to the path to victory.
Conclusion

25. In conclusion, there are several issues that contemporary sports
organizations face. PEDs usage by superstar professional
athletes amongst the most significant ethical concerns that the
organizations must dealt with as soon as possible. With the right
team, skills, leadership, resources and the incorporation of faith
and Christian worldview in sports, sports administrators can
successfully tackle the problem. I look forward to incorporating
some of these discussed strategies in my sports organization.
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Building High-Performing Teams – Conceptual Approach.
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(EJBO), 20(2).
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Complacency Worry WADA. Retrieved October 29, 2020, from
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finance/financial-constraints-and-complacency-worry-wada-
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Sports Organizations: A Review. Leadership Project.
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1

29. Reflect to Elevate
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 31, 2021
Dr. Woods
Reflect to Elevate
Personal reflection is something that we all have to do
whether good or bad. Personal reflection, I feel is needed to see
how far you have come from epic failures to minor successes to
major successes. It is truly all a part of the journey that the
Lord has destined us to help us to step into the passion and
purpose that he has for our lives. This journey has been a very
challenging one. There were times that I wanted to give up and
throw in the towel because the program got hard and life got

30. even harder. Those are also the times that I felt made me who I
am today. Those times continue to give me purpose and reflect
back on how far I have truly come. This journey will soon come
to an end, but it has truly given me a better prospective on life
and one up in my career field.
One of the biggest differences between my Master’s
Degree journey versus my Bachelors is the time management
skills that I had to develop. Going into this program, I was
unaware of how truly immature my time management skills
were. This journey has definitely tested those immature skills
and truly forced me to develop them so that I could complete
assignments on time and also ensure that I could do everyday
life things that were required of me like work and home chores.
Many graduate students have added their student role to a
current role structure which may include job, spouse and
parental responsibilities, home maintenance and community and
church responsibilities. Even though attempts may be made to
alter this role structure, often a residue of unfulfilled role
expectations remains to contribute to role conflict (Dyk, 1987).
Some weeks instead of going out as I would have in undergrad,
I had to stay home to do the work to ensure that I could get
passing grades and turn assignments in in a timely manner.
There was no one really there they I seen two or three times a
week. It was up to me to be responsible and get things done.
Accountability was another thing that this program taught
me throughout this two year tenure. This has been instilled in
me because the only person, I had to count on was me. I knew
that if I did not do an assignment it was on me. I knew if I did
not give my best on an assignment, it was my fault.
Accountability refers to the implicit or explicit expectation that
an individual may be called upon to account for his or her
actions or inactions (Oussedik, Cline, Su, Masicampo,
Kammrath, Ip, & Feldman, 2019). There was no blaming anyone
for anything, but self so I has to hold myself accountable to
make sure I got my assignments done. This tool I feel is what
truly taught me how to count on myself and how to believe and

31. have confidence in myself even when the odds are stacked
against me.
This journey has talk me so much discipline rather than in
my undergraduate years. Discipline is truly the thing that
continue to drive me each and every week. It was the thing that
made me write a page for an assignment instead of take the nap.
It was the thing that kept me in the house on a Saturday instead
of going to visit friends or going to do something fun with my
family. Sometimes it was truly the only thing that allowed me to
even push through to finish a discussion or quiz after a long day
of work.
As I was thinking on this assignment, trying to figure out
what to write for this paper, I reflected on my relationship with
Christ. On my Bachelor’s Degree journey, I did not gave to
reflect on Christ word every week, honestly Christ was the last
thing on my mind. I can honestly say I am so glad that I am not
that person anymore. Looking back on the journey of when I
first started this program versus where I am now, I am an
entirely different person. This journey to conquer my Master’s
Degree has allowed me to become closer to our Lord and
Savior. It has allowed me to understand things in a way that I
did not before the program. It has truly turned things around
with my relationship with Christ and for that I will forever be
thankful and grateful.
In conclusion, this program has tested me. It has caused
for some sleepless nights in order to turn assignments in on
time. It has given me headaches just thinking about what is next
for me. It has made me question myself and why am I doing all
that I am doing. But I am so glad to be here to say, I have
almost conquered it. I am almost at the last hurdle. I am almost
at the finish line. I am thankful for all the test and the lessons
that have been learned throughout this journey. I cannot wait to
see where I am headed next.

32. Reference
Dyk, P. A. H. (1987). Graduate Student Management of Family
Academic Roles. Family Relations, 36(3), 329. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.2307/583549
Oussedik, E., Cline, A., Su, J. J., Masicampo, E., Kammrath, L.
K., Ip, E., & Feldman, S. R. (2019). Accountability in patient
adherence. Patient Preference & Adherence, 13, 1511–1517.
https://doi-org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.2147/PPA.S213113
1
Christlike

33. Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 31, 2021
Dr. Woods
Christlike
There are many things that could be incorporated or used
to impact a sports organization. They could buy a better facility,
hire new coaches, get the best athletes in the universe, and so
many other things that could enhance the organization. Many
people think that it is great leadership that allows for an
organization to thrive. Although great leadership, is a must have
for an organization and its future, the most important thing for
them to have is Jesus Christ embedded into their organization. It
is important that an organization as a Christian Worldview in
their organization. There is no success like having many souls
who have or will dedicate their lives to walk in the path with
the Lord and Savior of this nation.
In a sports corporation, it is very value for the
organization to have a Christian Worldview. The worldview
starts from the foundation of the organization. The organization
should be built on Christian Worldview values and moral s. It
will help with the mission statement and the way that the
organization functions as a whole to ensure that those values
and morals are being followed throughout. It will set the tone of
what is expected at the organization out of everyone who is an
employee with the company.
A company has to ensure that the person who is going to

34. be the Chief Executive Officer demonstrates Christian
Worldviews. This is more than hiring someone who can quote
bible scriptures and who does kind acts in front of people. It is
important that the Chief Executive Officer has true integrity. It
is important that he or she does the right things no matter the
situation even if it is not good for self. It is important that they
look out for their flock to ensure that they are treating everyone
equally and truly have the best of everyone interest at heart
instead of having a side agenda of his or her own. When
feelings of self-superiority are threatened by comparative
others, people may even derogate others’ morality to glorify
themselves (Jordan & Monin, 2008). This is only one important
attribute that a Christlike leader has to obtain there are things
like forgiveness and being a leader by actions and not by words.
Forgiveness is another attribute that a Chief Executive
Officer will have to obtain in order to put in a Christian
Worldview in a company. This has to be something that is truly
in their heart. This act cannot be faked. This is an act that will
people to so many of the employees in the organizations. It will
show them that everyone makes mistakes, but everyone also
deserves to be forgiven if they are truly sincere about the
forgiveness. It is as if Christ does for this world, forgives and
gives another chance to get things right with him. Employee’s
understanding that level of forgiveness will reduce stress levels
at work by showing them that sometimes it’s okay to be wrong,
but there can be a chance for redemption.
In the organization, the community also has to be a factor.
If a CEO and a community leader could work together to bring
sports and a Christlike living together, it could truly change
things for the organization, but not only the organization, the
community too. Conservation Of Resources theory, people
attempt to obtain, maintain, and preserve those things that they
deem valuable (Brouer, Gallagher, & Badawy, 2016). The
impact that those two topics could make by coming together
could truly empower an entire new generation of leaders to be
birth and followers of Christ.

35. In conclusion, implementing a Christian Worldview into an
organization would not be easy. It would be difficult because
everyone is not all in with Christ as others are. Everyone has
their different beliefs and traditions. When an organization does
implement the Christian Worldview in it, things around the
office would be different. It will show everyone the true
meaning of Christ love that he gives every single day. It is truly
a great thing to know the Lord and to implement his teaching in
a life of his sheep
Reference
Brouer, R., Gallagher, V., & Badawy, R. (2016). Ability to
Manage Resources in the Impression Management Process: The
Mediating Effects of Resources on Job Performance. Journal of
Business & Psychology, 31(4), 515–531. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10869-015-9426-5
Jordan AH, Monin B. From sucker to saint: Moralization in
response to self-threat. Psychological Science. 2008; 19(8):809–
815. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02161.x
1

36. Wall to Wall
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 26, 2021
Dr. Woods
Wall to Wall
Human resources are a very important department in a business.
It is the department that ensures everything is running smoothly
because they have to deal with everyone within the company.
This includes things likes records, screening, and all paperwork.
They also ensure that the company is following all taxes laws
and other laws put in place by the state and government. It can
be a stressful job. It is not always easy to keep up with so many
different moving parts inside of a company especially when a
company have 500 plus employees. Everyone in the human
resource department has to be one their A game as one would
say. They cannot have many mistakes because it could mean
something bad for the company.
Human resources allow for a company to run smoothly. It
allows for all the different departments of the company to work
peacefully knowing that they have not violated any laws or
restrictions that have been set by the state, government, or

37. company. Thus, Human Resource Management (HRM) has
become a critical link for enterprises. The HRM system takes
human resource planning as the basis. It can provide an overall
judgment on the enterprises’ internal employees’ information
through the unified collection and management of employee
information (Zhang, 2021). It brings ease to the founders and
chief executive officers because their worry does not lie on the
issues because they feel comfortable to delegate issues to the
human resource department. This also helps employees to know
that the company has a branch that handles different types of
violations and they can go to them in private to discuss those
like sexual harassment or extra assistance that the company
provides to workers of the company. The handle many things in
house is also nice for the company because they do not have to
constantly outsource for help in the department.
Current issues come up in the human resource department
because all of human resource departments are not ran the same.
Some different companies run them totally different from
others. It can be said that the backbone of a company is its
human resource department. Although human resource has been
around for hundreds of years. It can be said that some
company’s human resources departments are the keeper of the
secrets of what goes on within the company. For example,
several workers could report a co-worker that they feel has
sexual harassed them in any shape, form or fashion, and that
specific co-worker could have a best friend working in human
resources. The co-worker who is doing the sexual harassment
could asked his best friend that works in the department to
cover it up so that he will not get caught or fired. Certain types
of human resource management systems are presumed to result
in greater internal coherence while also being in congruence
with organizational missions and goals (i.e., person–job,
organizational, environment fit (Kim, & Torneo, 2021). People
working in human resources definitely have to be trust worthy
and want to do the right thing even when it hits close to home.
In the verse Deuteronomy 6:7 proclaims, “You shall teach

38. them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when
you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when
you lie down, and when you rise.” This verse speaks on social
problems. It instructs people to understand what they are doing
and teach goodness to their children. It instills the goodness in
everyone. Social problems and problems themselves will always
be in everyone lives, but God is also always there. No one has
to do anything alone because God will not leave por forsake
anyone. He already mapped out everyone’s path before they
were even a thought in their mother’s womb. How could one not
put their trust in someone like that.
Being in human resources also means that one has to
constantly keep up with the world that is constantly evolving
and becoming so different. This means that they have to stay on
top of laws that are changing or new ones that are being put in
place. The same techniques that they learned coming into the
job may not be the same that they use two years later. It is also
important to continue to education oneself so that they can be
the best version of themselves.
In conclusion, human resource department is very
important to have in any business. It is important that everyone
that works in the department to be on the same page and be
updated on things that have changed within the department. It is
also important to reflect on old issues to see how one can
improve or deal with current issues that are coming up or will
come up. Education is also important for this field. It is vital
that one continues to develop themselves to be the best human
resource department to be ran.

39. Reference
Kim, M. Y., & Torneo, A. (2021). The Roles of Strategic
Human Resource Management and Person–Environment Fit On
Nonprofit Public Service Motivation. Public Integrity, 23(1),
33–51. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/10999922.2020.1775059
Holy Bible. (NIV). (2015).
Zhang, A. (2021). Influence of data mining technology in
information analysis of human resource management on
macroscopic economic management. PLoS ONE, 16(5), 1–12.
https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251483
1

40. Leads to Good
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 26, 2021
Dr. Woods
Leads to Good
Ethics is a subject that is spoken on continuously in the
business world but especially in the sports world. Ethics is not
only a word spoke on continuously but it also tells a lot about a
person or company. A company that has good ethics is usually a
company many people want to do business with. They want to
be entertained and partner with companies with a high ethical
standard because it usually means that the company has a great
business, great employees and has built a culture in the industry
that could practically speak for itself. In today’s world ethics is
important because now more than ever people try to scam
people and try to treat them as less than they are. Even in a
leadership role, good ethics is a key element to being a good
and fair leader.
Ethics in planning to become a strategic leader is so

41. important. Being a leader is not an easy job. It is was an easy
job, everyone would become a leader. It is a tough job to
become a leader and to align that leadership path with good
ethics along the way. It can be hard for anyone. It is also
sometimes confusing for leaders because sometimes to do the
ethical thing is not always legal, and it can be vice versa
sometimes it can be legal to do a certain thing, but it is not
ethical. This is one of advantages of discourse ethics: it offers a
morally grounded justification on which a global business ethics
can be constructed (Garcáa-Marzá, 2012). There is always
something a leader has to think about and but their pack first
instead of self. It can be extremely hard to sort through things
because everything is not always black and white, there is a
small gray area.
In sports people love to take advantage of the next person.
People do not always have good intentions for the person that
they represent or a teammate or friend. It is an ole tale how
agents represent athletes for years and when the athlete goes
into retirement, they have no money because the agent spent
their money. It is a prime example of a person or organization
not having good ethics towards their clients. Big Data methods
have a great impact in behavioral sciences, but challenge the
traditional interpretation and validity of research principles in
psychology and sociology by raising new and unpredictable
ethical concerns (Favaretto, De Clercq, Gaab, & Elger, 2020).
This is why the sports world has such a bad representation of
rag to riches to rags again stories. It is horrible that in the
sports industry, the talk of money and percentages can bring the
worse out of people.
In the bible, the Lord speaks highly on leadership, he was
the prime example of a good faithful, strong, ethical and moral
leader. The Lord made and birth many leaders into our world
throughout the bible. He spoke on many instances where he
knew some of the leaders were not good, but he quickly turned
them around and allowed them to walk in their purpose. That
could also be true for many leaders in this world today. They

42. could be living a worldly life, doing and saying whatever it is
that they want to right now, but in due time God is going to
bring them into their purpose. If it is to lead, he is going to
create a purpose of leadership in their lives, if it is to follow, he
will create the path that they should follow. It is through him
where everyone’s purpose in this world comes from. He ordains
everything.
It takes a very strong-minded person to become a strategic
leader. A leader cannot think about self, it is about the greater
good for the people around them. It is important that leaders
keep their eyes on the goals that everyone around them wants to
achieve. It is usually easy to help other around them too achieve
their goals in order to get to their own leadership goals in life.
Ethics will play a big part in the way a leader thinks and the
way that they operate. People around them will also be able to
tell if they have good intentions for everyone, certain people or
not at all.
In conclusion, ethics is an important ground foundation that
should be laid before any business is even thought of. It is
important for a business to shape this element in their mission
statement and ensure that it is an element that is always
followed through with. Leadership has to be very understanding
and convey the message of how important ethics is to the
company and everyone around them.

43. Reference
Favaretto, M., De Clercq, E., Gaab, J., & Elger, B. S. (2020).
First do no harm: An exploration of researchers’ ethics of
conduct in Big Data behavioral studies. PLoS ONE, 15(11), 1–
23. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241865
Garcáa-Marzá, D. (2012). Business Ethics as Applied Ethics a
Discourse Ethics Approach. Ramon Llull Journal of Applied
Ethics, 0, 99–114.
1
Proper Management
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 17, 2021
Dr. Woods

44. Proper Management
Finance and budgeting are a very vital tool in order to keep
a sports organization afloat. It is vital to understand the stance
of checks and balances, but it is also very important to place a
person in a position that understands the ins and outs of
finances. An organization would not perhaps want someone that
has gambling issues or is not aware of finances to look over the
financial and budgeting department. That is certainly a path to
destruction. A sports organization would want someone who is
very savvy in the financial field and has great integrity and
character to lead the financial department because those are
foundation for success not only to the organization but to every
part that is attached to it because if the business goes bankrupt
that benefits no one.
In sports many times it is about the newest thing. That is
what truly attracts people to these different organizations and
agencies. They want to see what they can squeeze out of them
without having to do much or give a lot. That is how the sports
world works into today. Every organization is chasing the next
big thing or the next big client. But in order for the organization
to align themselves to find great opportunities like that, they
have to have good finances. They have to have great facilities,
quality people working for them. Finances is a huge part of the
sport’s world so it is important to have the right strategy when
it comes to money.
Also, in the sports world well honestly for any industry,
people have to spend money in order to make money. It is
important to understand accounts receivable and accounts

45. payable. If a company has given to much credit out to a client,
they will most likely be the first to go down in debt. Businesses
need to address where the money comes from, where it goes,
how to track it, and why the economy functions in a given
manner (DeSchriver, Fried, & Mondello, 2020).
It is important to understand the money that has gone out as to
also come in to keep the business running like clock-work and
also to keep the books up to standard in the company and
industry.
In Proverbs 13: 11 states, “Dishonest money dwindles
away, but whoever gathers money little by little makes it grow.”
The Lords instructs the world to be good stewarts of the money
that he blesses them with. It is important not to lose sight of the
teaches that the Lord has left to guide the world of people back
to their heavenly home. People can get greedy over money,
people can act different because of money, but it is also their
job to ensure that they follow the teachings of the Lord. As he
said in the scripture, the use of money in a dishonest way will
allow it to go away, and there will be nothing to show from it
but pain and wishing things would be different. But if someone
is a good stewart to their money and has the right intension to
use it, it will grow and continue to be prosper.
A sports organization can have all the money in the world,
but if they are not budgeting correctly it will not last very long.
Budgeting is so important because one never knows the
situation that they could be in. A large business may have
several segments, each with its own budget; if these budgets are
not consolidated into a final marketing budget, upper
management will not have a correct picture of the marketing
goals and associated costs (DeSchriver, Fried, & Mondello,
2020). Budgeting allows for sports organization to not put all
of their eggs in one basket. It allows them to spread their money
out in a few different departments or jobs so that it could all
come together as one. The power to a good budget is truly
remarkable. A capital budget focuses on large, long-term
construction projects, such as a new academic services center or

46. the ren- ovation of an existing stadium ( Hodge & Tanlu, 2009).
It is important to ensure budgets are in each quarter to track the
expenses of the company and to reflect on reports for the year
and years after.
In conclusion, it is important to pay attention to finances
and budgets. These are the work horses that will truly power a
sports organization and set them apart from others. This vital
part of a business will allow it to sink or swim. It is also
important that with a department this important it should be run
by high caliber people. Those people should also not lose sight
on the Lord and his word that guides people through money.
Reference
DeSchriver, T. D., Fried, G., & Mondello, M. (2020). Sport
finance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
Hodge, F., & Tanlu, L. (2009). Finances and college
athletics. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2009(144),
7–18.
Holy Bible. (NIV). (2015).

47. 1
Good to Great
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 17, 2021
Dr. Woods

48. Good to Great
Leadership is one of the most important tools to have an
order for an organization to be successful. Leadership is in a
league of its own. This quality of running a business is not
something that one could just go in a store and purchase it off
of a shelf. Leadership is a tool that is sometime naturally in a
person but can be a quality that can be learned through actions
of upper management and sometimes a person less expected.
Leadership is not for everyone. Sometimes that can be a hard
truth for some people to face, but it takes many elements for a
leader to actually sustain leadership. Leadership has to be in an
organization in order for it to succeed. Everyone cannot think
on the same scale. There has to be someone there to lead
everyone to the next level.
The value that leadership brings into an organization is
truly an undescribable element. Every good company whether it
is related to sports or not has awesome leadership in it. As
described earlier, leadership does not just come from chief
executive officers, people who sit on the board, and other upper
management. Leadership comes from everyone as a whole, it
has to be enrooted within everyone that work in the company in
some shape, form or fashion or the business would fail. All
leaders should strive to develop the group of people they lead
into a team who are able to blend their complementary skills
and talents and support one another to achieve far more than
they could ever aspire to individually (McCabe, 2006). All it
takes is one person to step up and show an establishment how
leadership can make an impact. People will see everything
around them start to change. This will start a movement and
allow people to follow suit.
In Proverbs 11:14 it states, “Where there is no guidance, a
people falls, but in an abundance of counselors there is safety.”
This verse speaks on how important leadership is to a flock of
people. When people display leadership, they can be and more
than often they are leading a group of people. When following

49. someone or a group, it is important to know who and what they
are following. It is important to know their leadership style and
understand the movement behind them leading people. People
need to know if the leadership is bad or good because who truly
wants someone that is going to lead them down a bad path. In
the verse it mentions how important guidance is. Guidance plays
into leadership because it shows someone the way. Leadership
and following is not always easy, but as long as God is on a
person’s side then they will know that he will lead them where
they are supposed to go down the righteous path.
Leadership can be a very stressful job. Leadership is
something that is not always easy and it is not for the faint of
hearts (Smith, Arthur, Hardy, Callow, and Williams, 2013). It is
not a manual that is written up that tells how someone can
become a great leader. Becoming a good leader that possesses
great leadership is done by trial and error. Trial and error will
have to be tested to see what works and what does not workout
not only in the sports industry, but in any industry. Leadership
is like a great team. It takes work for everyone to accomplish
their role on the team. So, what happens when everyone
understands their roles and knows exactly what they are
supposed to be doing? Well just because everyone knows their
roles does not mean they know how to put it all together. A
leader is there to guide them through leadership to understand
each other roles an learn how to play with the other and still do
their job also.
In conclusion, leadership is one of the most important
things that an organization can possess. It will be the bread and
butter that will help encourage everyone around them to be
better and play their role. Leadership is the instance that takes
something from being mediocre or good to great. It is truly a
tool that is so vital to success and accomplishment in any
industry and any company.

50. Reference
Holy Bible. (NIV). (2015).
McCabe, M. (2006). Accelerating teamwork: A personal
reflection. Musculoskeletal Care, 4(2), 116–121. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/msc.83
Smith, M. J., Arthur, C. A., Hardy, J., Callow, N., & Williams,
D. (2013). Transformational leadership and task cohesion in
sport: The mediating role of intrateam
communication. Psychology of sport and exercise, 14(2), 249-
257
2

51. Works Together
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 10,2021
Dr. Woods
Works Together
Teamwork and success are intertwined. They both go hand
in hand with each other. One does not balance without the other
not only in sports but in personal life and in business. It is so

52. important to truly understand the depth of both topics. In order
to understand how a teamwork allows success to come and
success allows teamwork to come, one has to experience it for
themselves. The great thing about both of these elements in the
sports world, they can be taught to anybody as long as a person
is willing to sacrifice, listen, and learn how to communicate
effectively. Those are the elements that allow teamwork and
success to come. Other things like hard work and effort play
apart in allowing teamwork and success to rise and benefit not
only one person but the entire team.
Teamwork is a very important aspect not only for a sports
team but also in a sports business. Many types of work like
news articles and photographs and news casting could not
happen if everyone within the building did not do their part to
ensure that the team succeeds in making the best news story or
the best article. All of these different people with expertise in
different positions has to come together, that is truly how
teamwork works. Practicing, improving, encouraging
teammates, and pushing them to their limits, for instance, are
all educational experiences facilitated by membership in a team
(Torres, 2015). It is a beautiful thing to understand that people
lean on each other to do better not only in one aspect of life but
in many. Sometimes teamwork can be stressful and exhausting
but as a team when the finished product is ready it is truly all
that one could ask for.
Teamwork is very honorable. In, 1 Peter 4:8-10 proclaims,
“Above all, keep loving one another earnestly, since love covers
a multitude of sins. Show hospitality to one another without
grumbling. As each has received a gift, use it to serve one
another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace.” Being on a
team will not always mean that everyone gets what everyone
wants, there will be sacrifices alone the way, but it is important
that each team member understand that they hold a gift from the
Lord. It is important that each of them use their gifts to the best
of their abilities because God did not bless them by chance. It is
a part of their destiny and purpose for being on the Earth.

53. Success is the Holy Grail to all of things in sports. Success
is the top of the totem pole for many people. Today, the
research concerning factors that determine sporting success is
more diverse and also considers other factors than geographical
determinants on the macro-level (Wunderlich, Follert, &
Daumann 2021). Success is not all about winning, that could be
hard to believe in the sports world but there are many factors of
success without a win being attached to it. Learn a valuable life
lesson is a success journey. Everyone thinks that success is only
measured by the scoreboard. For many people that maybe true,
but the true success from sports is that people take what they
have learned and apply it to the real world.
Although not many people speak on this topic, but failure
truly leads to success. Without failures, people would not
understand how it feels to win or gain something that they have
always wanted to accomplish. Failure guides people into the
success soon because they can see what works and what does
not work. It is always great to look back on the lessons that the
failures have thought a person. Without trying and failing that
person would have never known if their idea was possible or
not.
In 1 Kings 2:3 states, “and observe what the Lord your
God requires: Walk in obedience to him, and keep his decrees
and commands, his laws and regulations, as written in the Law
of Moses. Do this so that you may prosper in all you do and
wherever you go.” This allows the audience to understand that
success does not come from only serving ourselves and our own
agendas. It comes from being a servant to others and
understanding the importance it is to share the gift that one has
been blessed with.
In conclusion, both success and teamwork are important
for a number of reasons. But with both of those topics become
responsibilities also. Those responsibility will make someone
into the person that never even dreamed of becoming. It is truly
incredible to be able to not only to understand the gift from
God, but also share it with others. That is true success. That is

54. true sacrifice. That is true leadership and success.
Reference
Torres, C. R. (2015). The Role of Teamwork in Organized
Youth Sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 42(1), 63–69.
https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/00948705.2014.961160
Holy Bible. (NIV). (2015)
Wunderlich, A. C., Follert, F., & Daumann, F. (2021).
Specialization in sports: A theoretical approach. PLoS
ONE, 16(5), 1–13. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250722
1

55. It Counts
Camry S. Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 10, 2021
Dr. Woods
It Counts
Leadership and ethics are an important part of business. It
is the foundation that business has to stand on in order to keep a
great and positive reputation and to be ran efficiently. There are

56. many types of leadership styles that ultimatel y lead to different
results rather they are successful or failures. The key element
with all these leadership styles is that communication is still
vital (Putnam & Nicotera, 2009). True leadership is not always
about the talk, it is about the actions put behind those words
that have been spoken. Employers are going to trust good
leadership because they will feel their best is always considered
in each decision made. If an employer has questions of how
leadership is leading the company, that thought process itself
could set the company up for failure and start a chain of events
that will fail end in being unsuccessful as a whole. Ethics plays
a huge part in leadership. Because when dealing with ethics, it
consists of people that also have great integrity.
Great Leadership is the gateway to reaching everyone in
the entire company. This is important in the Sports industry
because they are already so many fake and phony people that
are established in the game. A player should not want their
name to be in a tag line with a company like Nike or Adidas or
any other sports merchandiser if they will not lead with great
leadership. A small number of studies have been conducted,
revealing that coaches’ transformational leadership is related to
athlete motivation and performance, player aggression, and
team/task cohesion (Stenling, & Tafvelin, 2014). Great
leadership requires a good perspective, requires compassion and
less of thinking about self and more of thinking what could be
beneficial to the people within the company besides executives.
Being in leadership is not always easy, leadership comes
with trials and tribulations. Leadership will have one
questioning how they perform, if they are approachable, if they
have done the right thing for their employees and employers.
But during these times are when leaders have to lean on the
Lord for strength and perseverance to continue the journey that
the Lord has placed them on. In Isaiah 4:10 he proclaims, “So
do not fear, for I am with you; do not be dismayed, for I am
your God. I will strengthen you and help you; I will uphold you
with my righteous right hand.”

57. Ethics in the sports field holds so much weight because of past
experiences. Past experiences have proven in the sports field
that people are not always who they say they are. The ways in
which we organize our moral commitments with regard to sports
activities can have significant social effects. It therefore matters
how and where we draw the ethical boundaries for the methods
and practices that can be used to win and succeed (Kvalnes, &
Hemmestad, 2010). If an agent or agency holds ethics, they
possess a valuable asset that not people can say that they have.
In the sports world, the world reads about how these agencies
and agents take advantage or players and their money. It is truly
a sad part of the business, but it is very realistic and a real wake
up call for many of people.
In this paper there is a mention of when dealing with
ethics comes with dealing with people’s integrity. In the sports
industry, integrity is an important element to find in a person.
Athletes and so many other people put their dreams, lives and
futures into these people’s hands so it is important for them to
understand the character and integrity level that they have
establish within their inner circle. In Matthew 7:12 he states,
“So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to
them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.” This allows people
to see what someone does for the next person does not go
unnoticed. The Lord is watching ensuring that service is being
done to each other.
In conclusion, ethics plays a role because good ethics can keep
someone around for a very long time versus if there is bad
ethics establish those people will leave and attempt to find
someone that will have good ethics and morals to extend their
career and legacy. Leaderships is very important because this
determines a company’s culture and environment within the
company. These two elements are valuable assets to any
company and life.

58. Reference
Kvalnes, Ø., & Hemmestad, L. (2010). Loophole ethics in
sports. Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics / Etikk i Praksis, 4(1),
57–67.
Holy Bible. (NIV). (2015)
Putnam, L. L., & Nicotera, A. M. (2009). Building theories of

59. organization: The constitutive role of communication.
Routledge.
Stenling, A., & Tafvelin, S. (2014). Transformational
Leadership and Well-Being in Sports: The Mediating Role of
Need Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(2),
182–196. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.819392
1
Running head: THE FUTURE
2
THE FUTURE
The Future Talks
Camry Griffith
Belhaven University
MSA 670
July 3, 2021
Dr. Woods

60. The Future Talks
In every industry there will always be issues and trends
that come in go. The world continues to evolve every single
day. In the times that are currently among the world, one minute
people are up and the next they are down. It is honestly a never
ending cycle. The cycle was started hundreds over years ago. It
is almost like the crab in the bucket scenario. The world is just
waiting for a down fall from certain people. In the sports world
there is always change going on. Rules are constantly changing.
People are constantly changing. The topicality of the relevant
research is determined by the strategic importance of the young
generation in the context of modern dynamism - the real
prospects for the development of any country in the coming
decades are connected with youth (Vodolazhskaya, Senatova,
Novikov A., Novikova, Ostanina, Zhandarova, & Skutelnik,
2020). It is a world that people have to truly have to understand
that they can be out at any point. It also does not make it better
that social media is a part of the sports world heavily. It is as no
rock goes unturned in this industry because there always has to
be a story or an article to get the world to see. This is also why
it is so important that athletes and people involved in the sports
world to understand current issues and trends that are happeni ng
around them.
Current issues play a huge part in any sports organization.
It is understood that in the sports world the media will have a
heavy presence and influence. The value of understand that
some issues in the sports world will break a person’s career.
Organizational leaders frequently find themselves in situations
where their changing environment mandates the implementation
of new initiatives (Petersen & Bartel, 2020). In the era, that is
currently here it is known as cancel culture. Despite all the
good things an athlete can do, if that athlete falls into the cancel
culture, it is truly a dog fight to battle their way back to
society’s good graces. It is unfortunate that situations like this

61. happen in the world today, but that is just the way that society
works. Their influence on the sports world is huge and athletes
have to take that into account in their decisions.
The value behind understanding things like current issues
allows for the sports organizations and athletes to stay out of
the limelight of the media and tabloids. This not only enhances
their careers but allows to media to paint them to be great
people allowing people to buy into who they are and what they
stand for. Current issues will not always be the same they come
and go, but some of them bring so much impact into lives and
eventually turn into trends that is why the two go hand in hand
with each other.
Trends can truly come from anything. The value of
understanding a trend is being up to date and knowing how
someone can operate and how they cannot operate. Just as
current issues can turn into trends, trends can turn into
movements. As a world, people witnessed it first hand as
George Floyd death lead to the exposure of the Black Lives
Matter movement. That movement struck the world like a wild
fire. People were protesting. People were speaking out about
police brutality and the needs to have equity and justice for
black and brown people. Trends like this can become game
changer in any industry.
The newest trend in the sports world and sports
organization just happened just two days ago. When the courts
rule in favor of college student athletes all around the world,
that will allow them to get paid for their own likeliness. The
rule went into effect on July first. The NCAA used these student
athletes and made billions of dollars from them. The NCAA is
charged with regulating athletes at its nearly 1,300 member
schools. Instead, it op presses them and denies those living
under a democratic, capitalist system the right to financially
gain off their talent and hard work ( Harris, 2018). Once in an
industry where college athletes were suspended and sometimes
kicked out of school for accepting money from donors and
sponsors, is now a world where these students can be paid. This

62. is what a trend can do becoming ground breaking and the
understanding the power it has in it is only the beginning.
In conclusion, the value of understanding current issues
and trends can come with a high price not only in the sports
field, but also in the real world. Sometimes dealing with issues
and trends brings change that sometimes as a society are not
shown is needed. As a society it is easy to point fingers and just
throw in the towel, but as someone who has value and
understanding, they have to turn bad situations into wins not
only for themselves but for society.
Reference
HARRIS, J. C. (2018, May 3). The NCAA continues to dismiss
the idea of paying athletes. New York Amsterdam
News, 109(18), 41.
Petersen, S. A., & Bartel, S. M. (2020). When Culture and
Change Collide In Higher Education: A Case Study at One
University. Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice
& Research, 10(2), 46–59. https://doi-
org.belhaven.idm.oclc.org/10.5929/2020.10.2.4