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Comparing U.S. Tax Jurisprudence
and OECD Approaches to Risk
Allocation in the Post-BEPS Era of
Transfer Pricing
Charles Lincoln
University of Amsterdam LL.M. International Tax Law
Thesis Defense Presentation
Company
Taxed
Individual
Taxed
Taxed Per
OECD/BEPS
Traditionally
Taxed
Six Step Arm’s Length Allocation of Risk:
Conduct Trumps Contracts
• Step 1: Identify economically significant risks with specificity
• Step 2: Analyze the contractual assumption of risks
• Step 3: Functional Analysis
• Step 4: Interpretation
• Step 5: Risk allocation
• Step 6: Pricing of the transaction in accordance with risk allocation
analysis
Step 5: Interpretation and Risk Allocation
• “Control over risk”
• ¶ 1.65:
• “Capability to make decisions” regarding risk
• “Capability make decisions on whether and how to respond to risk”
• “Whether the party assuming risk has the capacity to absorb [risk]
consequences”
• ¶ 1.86:
• “Financial capacity to assume risk”
U.S. Tax Court Jurisprudence
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Comparing U.S. Tax Jurisprudence and OECD Approaches to Risk Allocation in the Post-BEPS Era of Transfer Pricing

  • 1. Comparing U.S. Tax Jurisprudence and OECD Approaches to Risk Allocation in the Post-BEPS Era of Transfer Pricing Charles Lincoln University of Amsterdam LL.M. International Tax Law Thesis Defense Presentation
  • 3. Six Step Arm’s Length Allocation of Risk: Conduct Trumps Contracts • Step 1: Identify economically significant risks with specificity • Step 2: Analyze the contractual assumption of risks • Step 3: Functional Analysis • Step 4: Interpretation • Step 5: Risk allocation • Step 6: Pricing of the transaction in accordance with risk allocation analysis
  • 4. Step 5: Interpretation and Risk Allocation • “Control over risk” • ¶ 1.65: • “Capability to make decisions” regarding risk • “Capability make decisions on whether and how to respond to risk” • “Whether the party assuming risk has the capacity to absorb [risk] consequences” • ¶ 1.86: • “Financial capacity to assume risk”
  • 5. U.S. Tax Court Jurisprudence