Figures of speech

1. Major Literary
Movements and Their
Impacts

2. • Artistic and intellectual
movements originated in
Europe towards the end of the
18th century and flourished in
the early 19th century
• Interest in nature and an
emphasis on individual
expression of emotion and
imagination
• In opposition to the logic of
rationalism and empiricism
ROMANTICIS
M

3. • Romanticism influenced
conservatism, liberalism,
radicalism, and nationalism.
• Liberal experimentation of
traveling both literally and
metaphorically.
• Questioning things instead of
blindly accepting them.
IMPACTS

4. • Became an essential part of the
20th century as humanity
suffered from great challenges.
• Focused on the condition of
human existence, and an
individual’s emotions, actions,
responsibilities, and thoughts,
or the meaning or purpose of
life.
• Individuals are entirely free
and must take personal
responsibility for themselves.
EXISTENTIALIS
M

5. • Existentialism has become a
salvation for all those who
found themselves, as Sartre
says, in the middle of the play
without a script.
• It makes people face the very
essence of themselves, the
essence that comes after
existence.
IMPACTS

6. • Russian Formalism was a school
of Literary Criticism in Russian
from 1910 to 1930 which brought
the idea of scientific analysis of
poetry.
• New Criticism which is an
American Literary Theory in the
20th century that emphasizes the
Closed-reading Approach.
• The formalists argued that the
study of literature should be
exclusively about form, technique,
and literary devices within a work
of literature.
• Formalism is known for excluding
or sidelining factors such as
authorial intent, and the cultural
and sociopolitical background of a
text from its study.
FORMALISM

7. • Works of literature were to be
approached as artistic
phenomena independent of any
social, historical, ideological, or
psychological circumstances.
• Reformed literary study and
make it a more scientific
discipline.
IMPACTS

8. • Realism is a literary movement
that began in the late 19th
century and focuses on the
accurate representation of life
and its events.
• Realism in literature was
incredibly popular and was
demonstrated through the use
of relatable, everyday,
characters and situations.
• Realism seeks to portray life as
it is, in favor of typical, down-
to-earth settings and
characters.
REALISM

9. • Literary realism often explores
social problems through fiction
writing. Many writers created
change through their writing as
they exposed the problems of
modern society, especially those
facing the middle and lower
classes of society.
IMPACTS

10. • The Modernist impulse is
fueled in various literatures by
industrialization and
urbanization and by the search
for an authentic response to a
much-changed world.
• Began after World War I and
continued into the middle of the
20th century.
• These themes focus on cold
machinery, the evils of
capitalism, and the effects
these concepts have on people.
MODERNISM

11. • Literary modernism rejected
many of the established writing
norms, paving the way for
experimentation with the form.
• Revolted against the accepted
rules of rhyme and rhythm,
thus inventing free verse
poetry.
• Modernism in literature also
led to experiments with prose.
IMPACTS

12. • Literary movement that
emphasizes play,
fragmentation, metafiction,
and intertextuality.
• Rose to prominence in the late
1950s and early 1960s as a
reaction to modernist
literature’s quest for meaning
in light of the significant
human rights violations of
World War II.
POST-
MODERNISM

13. • Embrace randomness
• Playfulness
• Fragmentation
• Metafiction
• Intertextuality
IMPACTS

14. Key Historical Figures in Creative
Writing

15. • Geoffrey Chaucer stands as the
great giant of English poetry.
• The outstanding English poet
before Shakespeare and “the
first finder of our language.”
• The Canterbury Tales ranks as
one of the greatest poetic works
in English.
GEOFFREY
CHAUCER

16. • Variety in subject matter,
genre, tone, style, and the
complexities presented
concerning the human pursuit
of a sensible existence.
• Writings also consistently reflect
all-pervasive humor combined
with serious and tolerant
consideration of important
philosophical questions.
GEOFFREY
CHAUCER

17. • Known as the “Bard of Avon,” is
one of the best-known English
writers in history.
• He is credited with writing nearly
40 plays, over 150 sonnets, and
several poems.
• One of Shakespeare’s greatest
achievements as a writer was his
ability to explore the complexities
of human nature.
• His characters are multifaceted,
often embodying conflicting
desires and motivations that make
them deeply relatable to audiences
across time and space.
WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE

18. • Shakespeare was a master of
plot, pacing, and suspense; his
plays are known for their
complex and intricate
storylines.
• One of Shakespeare’s most notable
narrative techniques is his use of
dramatic irony.
• Another technique that
Shakespeare used was the art of
foreshadowing.
WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE

19. • An English novelist remains a
beloved figure in the world of
literature, captivating readers
with her insightful portrayals of
society, memorable characters,
and a writing style that
continues to resonate through
generations of readers across
the world.
• Much of Austen’s work focused
on the woman’s social standing
in the 18th century and how it
depended greatly on the man
that they married.
• Known for Sense and
Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice,
and more.
JANE AUSTEN

20. • In her popular book Emma, it
is the first time that an author
writes in a third-person point of
view (omniscient narrator),
shares a character's judgments,
and follows the path to their
decisions.
• This technique opened up a new
world of opportunities, combining
the internal and external world of
a character in a novel (Mullan,
2015, How Jane Austen’s Emma
Changed the Face of Fiction)
JANE AUSTEN

21. • One of the premier writers during
the Romantic Movement.
• His works are known for their
mystery and grim themes, many of
which include the death of one of
the characters.
• He is credited with being the
father of detective fiction as well as
one of the early science fiction
writers.
• Known for The Cask of
Amontillado, The Raven, The Pit
and, The Tell-Tale Heart.
EDGAR ALLAN
POE

22. • Analytical method that he
practiced both as a creative author
and as a critic of the works of his
contemporaries.
• Use of deductive reasoning to
elucidate the complexities of
criminal behavior.
• In-depth explorations of the
interior lives of the characters
helped him pave the way for
psychological realism.
• Use of rhetorical appeals
EDGAR ALLAN
POE

23. • A writer and social critic who
created some of the world's best-
known fictional characters and is
regarded as the greatest novelist of
the Victorian era.
• Famous for his social
commentaries.
• He targets the injustices of the 19th
century such as poor houses,
boarding schools, the lack of
education for women, the tyrannies
of family life, over-reliance on
alcohol, and the effects of poverty.
CHARLES
DICKENS

24. • Charles Dickens uses a very
unique literary prose style and
narrative technique.
• His plot constantly moves forward
and backward changing the time
zone of the plot.
• Polysyndeton
• Satire
CHARLES
DICKENS

25. • Mark Twain was a humorist,
journalist, and novelist who
became famous internationally for
his distinctive style of travel and
fictional narratives.
• Known for: The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn,
Pudd’nhead Wilson.
• Twain was also one of his
generation’s defenders of Black
Americans, Native Americans, and
the working class.
MARK TWAIN

26. • Mark Twain's writing style is
characterized by humor, strong
narrative, and evocative
descriptions, as well as a brilliant
control of vernacular speech.
• Some other features of his style of
writing are diction, syntax,
figurative language, rhythm,
rhetorical pattern, and theme.
MARK TWAIN

27. • Oscar Wilde was an Anglo-Irish
playwright, novelist, poet, and
critic. He is regarded as one of the
greatest playwrights of the
Victorian Era.
• Wilde was a proponent of the
Aesthetic movement, which
emphasized aesthetic values more
than moral or social themes. This
doctrine is most clearly
summarized in the phrase 'art for
art's sake’.
-The Picture of Dorian Gray (novel)
-The Importance of Being Earnest (play)
-The Ballad of Reading Gaol (poem)
OSCAR WILDE

28. • Wilde's narrative technique is
characterized by a lush prose style
that draws on the senses.
• The Picture of Dorian Gray is a
novel rich with aphorism, imagery,
and symbolism.
• Aesthetics – art for art’s sake
OSCAR WILDE

29. • Virginia Woolf was an English
novelist, essayist, biographer,
and feminist.
• Woolf wrote extensively on the
problem of women’s access to
the learned professions, such as
academia, the church, the law,
and medicine, a problem that
was exacerbated by women’s
exclusion from Oxford and
Cambridge.
• Mrs. Woolf belongs to the school
“stream of conscious” novelists.
VIRGINIA
WOOLF

30. • She uses the stream of
consciousness as a liquid that
flows her narrative and
connects her characters.
• The stream of consciousness
gives readers access to almost
all of the protagonist's thoughts
over the course of a single day.
• Manipulation of time.
VIRGINIA
WOOLF

31. Reflection and
Contemporary
Perspectives

32. The Role of Creative
Writing in Today’s World

33. Creative writing is any form where
writers can express their thoughts
and feelings imaginatively.

34. Creative Writing…
• Captured Oral Tradition Giving Us Amazing
Stories to Look Back At.
• Has Shown Immense Power in Physical
Health.
• Might Send You to San Francisco with Flowers
in Your Hair.
• Helps in Creating Literate Children and
Adults.

35. • Self-expression
• Provides much-needed escapism from
everyday life
• Creative writing has been shown to
improve emotional and mental well-
being
• It teaches students the basics of
grammar and composition while
allowing them to express their ideas
imaginatively.

36. Contemporary Trends in
Creative Writing

37. Contemporary literature reflects the
concerns and issues that are relevant to
contemporary society. It explores themes
such as identity, race, gender, class, politics,
and technology. It invites readers to
question their assumptions and biases and
to confront the uncomfortable truths of our
world.

38. • Diversity and representation
• Magical realism
• Memoirs and personal essays
• Environmental themes
• Genre blending
• Technology/AI-driven content
• Manga/Graphic Novel

39. The future of Creative
Writing in the Digital
Age

40. • A photo (or video) is much more
digestible than a one-thousand-word
blog post.
• Writing is equally as important from an
emotional standpoint.
• Creative writing in the Digital Age is the
art of crafting a message that is
imaginative, engaging, and effective.

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https://fscj.pressbooks.pub/literature/chapter/literary-movements/
The Open University. May 1, 2022. Legacy of the Romantics. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/literature-and-creative-writing/literature/legacy-the-
romantics
Mambrol L. March 29, 2016. Existentialist Movement in Literature. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
https://literariness.org/2016/03/29/existentialist-movement-in-literature/
Study Smarter. (n.d). Formalism Literary Theory. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/english-literature/literary-criticism-and-theory/formalism-literary-
theory/
Kuiper K. November 9, 2023. Modernism. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
https://www.britannica.com/art/Modernism-art
Master Class. June 8, 2021. Postmodern Literature Guide: 10 Notable Postmodern Authors. Retrieved December
14, 2023. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/postmodern-literature-guide
Lumianksky R.M. November 6, 2023. Britannica. Geoffrey Chaucer. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Geoffrey-Chaucer
Rani S. (n.d). Narrative Technique of Virginia Woolf in Mrs. Dalloway. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT_182230.pdf
Jekins P. January 13, 2023. Creative Writing: What It Is and Why It Matters. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
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important/#:~:text=Creative%20writing%20has%20been%20shown,boost%20our%20imagination%20and%20creat
ivity