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Endometriosis
1.
2. What is endometriosis?
Endometrial implants can be found in
various areas of the body including the
vagina, vulva, cervix, uterus, fallopian
tubes, ovaries, ureterosacral
ligaments, peritoneum, pelvic cavity,
bladder, bowel, intestines, appendix
and or rectum
3. Causes of endometriosis
Retrograde menstruation
Embryonic cell growth
Fetal development
Surgical scar
Endometrial cell
transport
Genetics
Hormones
Immune system
4. Syntoms of endometriosis
Severe menstrual cramps unrelieved with
NSAIDS
Long-term lower back and pelvic pain
Longer than average periods lasting more
than 7 days in duration
Heavy menstrual bleeding causing the
need to change your pad or tampon every
1-2 hours
Bloody stool or urine
5. Syntoms of endometriosis
Bowel and urinary problems including
pain, diarrhea, constipation and
bloating
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue
Painful sex
Intermenstrual spotting/bleeding
Infertility can be experienced in 30-
40% of those with endometriosis.
6. Risk factors
Age: most commonly experienced in women
ages 30-40
Null parity: never giving birth
Genetics: one or more relatives with the
disease (mother, aunt, sister, etc.)
Medical history: having a condition preventing
expulsion of menstrual blood, pelvic infection or
uterine abnormalities
Menstrual history: menses lasting more than 7
days or menstrual cycles <27 days.
7. Complications
Include infertility, increased risk of
developing ovarian cancer or
endometriosis-associated
adenocarcinoma, ovarian cysts,
inflammation, scar tissue and
adhesion development and intestinal
and bladder complications
8. Tests and diagnosis
The only way to confirm
endometriosis is by undergoing a
surgical laparoscopy.
Pelvic exam, radiologic imaging with
ultrasound or magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)
9. Treatments for endometriosis
Hormones: treatment with hormonal
therapies such as hormonal birth
control, Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (Gn-RH) agonists and
antagonists, Medroxyprogesterone or
Danazol. Placement of an intrauterine
device may also be recommended
10. Treatments of endometriosis
Surgery: a conservative approach is
initially taken removing the areas of
endometriosis, however hysterectomy
with removal of both ovaries may be
necessary
Fertility treatments: pregnancy
may be recommended via
in-vitro fertilization