The document discusses identifying covariates when examining the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. It provides two examples: examining the effect of gender on handwriting scores while controlling for age, and examining the effect of listening to country music on truck driver drowsiness while controlling for years of trucking experience. A covariate is a variable that can affect the dependent variable, so it must be controlled for to isolate the effect of the independent variable.

1. Covariates
Guided Practice

2. Identify the Covariate

3. Imagine you want to know the effect of gender on hand
writing neatness scores in the presence of age.

4. Imagine you want to know the effect of gender on hand
writing neatness scores in the presence of age.
Dependent Variable

5. Independent variable
Imagine you want to know the effect of gender on hand
writing neatness scores in the presence of age.

6. Covariate
Imagine you want to know the effect of gender on hand
writing neatness scores in the presence of age.

7. Identify the Covariate

8. You want to know the effect of listening to country
music on truck driver drowsiness. But you want to see
just the effect of country music listening on drowsiness
and not the effect of years of trucking experience on
drowsiness.

9. You want to know the effect of listening to country
music on truck driver drowsiness. But you want to see
just the effect of country music listening on drowsiness
and not the effect of years of trucking experience on
drowsiness.
Dependent Variable

10. You want to know the effect of listening to country
music on truck driver drowsiness. But you want to see
just the effect of country music listening on drowsiness
and not the effect of years of trucking experience on
drowsiness.
Independent variable

11. Covariate
You want to know the effect of listening to country
music on truck driver drowsiness. But you want to see
just the effect of country music listening on drowsiness
and not the effect of years of trucking experience on
drowsiness.