Databases and SQL - Lecture D

1. Introduction to Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
This material (Comp 4 Unit 5) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under
Award Number 90WT0001.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

2. Databases and SQL
Learning Objectives - 1
• Define and describe the purpose of
databases (Lecture a)
• Define a relational database (Lecture a)
• Describe data modeling and normalization
(Lecture b)
• Describe the structured query language
(SQL) (Lecture c)
2

3. Databases and SQL
Learning Objectives - 2
• Define the basic data operations for
relational databases and how to
implement them in SQL (Lecture c)
• Design a simple relational database and
create corresponding SQL commands
(Lecture c)
• Examine the structure of a health care
database component (Lecture d)
3

4. Sample Database Use in VistA
• VistA: Veterans
Health Information
Systems and
Technology
Architecture
• Used at Department
of Veterans Affairs
(VA) health care
facilities Figure 1. VistA screenshot.
(U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, n.d., PD-US)
4

5. NUMI
• National Utilization Management Integration
(NUMI) supports reviews of clinical care
activities
– Documents patient movements
– Separate from VistA
Figure 2. Stay Movements and Reviews tables in NUMI.
(U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, 2016, PD-US)
5

6. Workflow
Figure 3. NUMI workflow.
(U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, 2011, PD-US) 6

7. NUMI Tables
Figure 4. List of tables in NUMI database.
7

8. Patient Table (Select Elements)
Element Name Data
Type
Primary
Key
Foreign
Key
Comments
PatientID int Yes No ID number for patient
PatientName varchar No No Name that the NUMI system
associates with patient
Sex varchar No No Sex designation associated
with the patient
SSN varchar No No Social Security Number
associated with patient
SiteID smallint Yes Yes ID number for Site
Table 1. Patient table (select elements).
8

9. Site Table (Select Elements)
Element
Name
Data
Type
Primary
Key
Foreign
Key
Comments
SiteID smallint Yes No ID number for site
SiteName varchar No No Name of site
DisplayName varchar No No Displayed name for site
Table 2. Site table (select elements).
9

10. ER Diagram
Figure 5. Entity-relationship (ER) Diagram for two tables.
10

11. Patient Review Table
(Select Elements)
Element Name Data
Type
Primary
Key
Foreign
Key
Comments
PatientReviewID bigint Yes No ID number for Patient Review
PatientID int No Yes ID number for Patient
ReviewDate smalldate
time
No No Date patient was reviewed
UMRAttendingPhysicianID int No Yes ID number for Attending
Physician
PatientStayID bigint No Yes ID number for Patient Stay
CurrentCareLevelID tinyint No Yes ID number for Level of Care
WardLocationID smallint No Yes ID number for Ward Location
Table 3. Patient review table (select elements).
11

12. ER Diagram
Figure 6. Entity-relationship diagram for seven tables.
12

13. Patient Review in NUMI
Figure 7. Primary Review screen in NUMI.
(U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, 2011, PD-US) 13

14. Databases and SQL
Summary – Lecture d
• Viewed an example application: NUMI
• Examined the NUMI database structure
– Tables
– Relationships
14

15. Databases and SQL
Summary - 1
• Four basic data operations: retrieval,
addition, modification and deletion
• Efficiency of those operations is critical for
efficient use of data
• Information relationships and types are
maintained in a relational database
• Designed a simple database, and
improved it using the normalization
method
15

16. Databases and SQL
Summary - 2
• Provided introduction to SQL statements
and data types
• Learned basic select, insert, delete, and
update SQL statements
• Examined design of a health care
database
16

17. Databases and SQL
References – 1 – Lecture d
References
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2011, September 21). Veterans Health Information
Systems and Technology Architecture.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Information and Technology. (2011). User
Guide for National Utilization Management Integration (NUMI). (version 1.1.13.1).
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Information and Technology. (2011).
Systems Management Guide for National Utilization Management Integration (NUMI).
(version 1.1.13.1).
Tables
Table 1: Patient Table (select elements). (2011). Public Domain.
Table 2: Site Table (select elements). (2011). Public Domain.
Table 3. Patient review table (select elements). (2011). Public Domain.
Figures
Figure 1: VistA Image. [image on the Internet]. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
(n.d.). Retrieved Jan 2012. Available from VistA Imaging Overview
https://www.va.gov/health/imaging/overview.asp at
https://www.va.gov/health/IMAGING/images/CPRS_IMG_comp.png. Public Domain.
17

18. Databases and SQL
References – 2 – Lecture d
Figures, continued
Figure 2: Stay Movements and Reviews tables in NUMI. [image]. U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs, Office of Information and Technology. (2016). Figure 43, In User
Guide for National Utilization Management Integration (NUMI). (Version 1.1.14.4).
Retrieved February 27, 2017 from
https://www.va.gov/vdl/documents/HealtheVet/National_Utilization_Management_Inte
gration/numi_user_guide_14_4.docx. Public Domain.
Figure 3: NUMI Workflow. [image]. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of
Information and Technology. (2011). In User Guide for National Utilization
Management Integration (NUMI). (Version 1.1.13.1). Public Domain.
Figure 4: List of tables in NUMI database. (2011). Public Domain.
Figure 5: Entity-relationship (ER) Diagram for two tables. (2011). Public Domain.
Figure 6: Entity-relationship diagram for seven tables. (2011). Public Domain.
Figure 7: Primary Review screen in NUMI. [image]. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs,
Office of Information and Technology. (2011). In User Guide for National Utilization
Management Integration (NUMI). (Version 1.1.13.1). Public Domain.
18

19. Introduction to Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture d
This material was developed by Oregon
Health & Science University, funded by the
Department of Health and Human Services,
Office of the National Coordinator for Health
Information Technology under Award
Number 90WT0001.
19