Needle stick injury and its effect.ppt

1. Needle stick injury
A wound caused by needles that
accidentally puncture the skin is
called needle stick injury (NSI).

2. When does a needle stick injury occur?
Needle stick injury can be caused by needles,
scalpels, and other sharp instruments or
devices:
1. During procedures.
2. When cleaning used instruments.
3. During disposal of used needles.
4. When transferring a body fluid between
containers.
5. When handling sharp instruments after
procedures.

3. Why to worry about needle sticks?
• The most frequent cause of blood-
borne infections in healthcare
settings is a “needle stick”_ an injury
with a needle or other sharp
device.

4. What can happen from a needle stick
injury?
• More than 20 pathogens have been
reportedly transmitted from needle
sticks.
• The most serious are the transmission
of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV.

5. What is the risk of transmission of
infection from an infected patient to the
healthcare workers?
• The risk of transmission of infection
from an infected patient to the
healthcare worker following needle stick
injuries is:
• 3-10% -Hepatitis B
• 3% - Hepatitis C
• 0.3% - HIV

6. Are there any preventive strategies for
needle stick injury?
1. Education and training
2. Safe working practices
Standard precautions
• Hand washing after any direct contact
with patients.
• Preventing two-handed recapping of
needles

7. • Safe collection and disposal of needles
and sharps
• Wearing gloves for contact with body
fluids, non-intact skin and mucous
membranes
• Wearing a mask, eye protection and a
gown if blood or other body fluids
might splash.

8. • Covering all cuts and abrasions
with a waterproof dressing.
• Promptly and carefully cleaning up
spills of blood and other body
fluids
• Using a safe system for health
care waste management and
disposal.

9. 3.Safe disposal of devices:-
• Used disposable syringes and
needles, scalpel blades, and other
sharp items should be placed in
puncture resistant containers for
disposal.

10. • Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
- PEP should be initiated as possible,
preferably within 1-2 hours post
exposure and up to 36 hours.
- PEP should be administered for 28
days.

11. Protocol in St.Stephen’s Hospital

12. Management for NSI
• Do not re-cap used
needles .
• Used needles must
be kept on
thermocol to prevent
needle stick injury.
Used syringes can
kept in separate
kidney tray.

13. Management for NSI
• Needles and any other sharps not to
be left on patient’s bed and patient’s
locker.
• Never pass used sharps and needles
from one person to another directly .

14. Types of Sharps

15. Management for NSI
• Don’t break or bent used needle with hands.

16. Hazards from Sharps

17. Infection Control from Sharps
• Used needles should
be burnt in the needle
destroyer.
• If the person concerned
is busy , the needles
should be kept into a
thermocol piece along
with the syringe and
destroy at the earliest.

18. Infection Control from Sharps
• Used syringes tip
must cut and piston –
barrel should be
separate before
discarding in 1%
bleach solution.
-Needle destroyer
chamber should be clean
whenever handed over &
taken over.