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1. MIDTERM SCOPE

2. A small book or pad with blank pages
used by the investigator for writing notes
during the conduct of actual investigation.
A book or booklet for investigator’s
notes taking.
Investigator’s Notebook defined

3. IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF
INVESTIGATOR’S NOTEBOOK
A. Purposes
1. For future recall.
2. Many of the details
associated with the
investigation.

4. IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF
INVESTIGATOR’S NOTEBOOK
A. Purposes
3. To record relevant
details of the case.
4. The court allows
the investigators to
consult their notes.

5. B. Recording notes:
1. Data should be recorded in a complete,
accurate and legible.
2. Must be written in ink.
IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF
INVESTIGATOR’S NOTEBOOK

6. B. Recording notes:
3. The top of each page should in the
notebook should bear investigator’s name,
date and number.
IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF
INVESTIGATOR’S NOTEBOOK

7. Purpose - Experienced investigators employ a notebook
to record the relevant details of the case.
During trial, the court allows investigators to consult
their notes to refresh their memory
Recording Note: The data of the investigation should be
recorded in a complete, accurate and legible fashion.
INVESTIGATOR’S NOTEBOOK

8. COMMON INVESTIGATION OVERSIGHTS
Incomplete Case Folder
No template for the conduct of investigation
Inadequacy of coordination
Failure to prosecute
Chain of Custody
Less appreciation of electronic evidence

9. Lack of material documentation of the case
under investigation.
Recommended Remedies:
Police Reports in chronological order
SOCO Reports
Forensic Reports
Photographs
Profile of victims and suspects
Status of the party involved
INCOMPLETE CASE FOLDERS

10. Police personnel not knowledgeable about crime
scene preservation and basic investigation.
Recommend Remedies:
Undergo mandatory investigation training
NO TEMPLATE FOR THE CONDUCT OF INVESTIGATION

11. The SOCO, Investigators, Prosecutions, and other
agencies work separately and independently in the
conduct of investigation.
Recommended Remedies:
Case conference
SOCO personnel
Investigators
Prosecutors
IBP Lawyers
Other agencies
INADEQUACY OF COORDINATION

12.  absence of investigators during trial to act as
prosecutor’s witness due to retirement and
transfer of concerned investigator.
Recommend Remedies:
 Proper turn-over of case-folders
FAILURE TO PROSECUTE

13. Police investigators take for granted the electronic devices
such as cell phones, computers and other e-devices can
be processed to give investigative leads.
Recommended Remedies:
Proper training on the preservation and processing of
e-devices ( Cyber Investigation )
LESS APPRECIATION OF ELECTRONIC
EVIDENCE

14. Non-observance of the proper documentation in
the turn-over of evidence
Recommend Remedies:
Documentation on the turn-over of evidence
with actual receipt
Non-observance should be the basis for
administrative sanctions.
CHAIN OF CUSTODY

15. What is the importance of
maintaining and observing the
protocols for chain of custody?

16. Importance of Chain of Custody
A secure chain of custody, combined with the
use of proper analytical methods and techniques,
is necessary for a legally defensible reporting of
the sample.

17. Chain of Custody defined
It involves several persons who might have handled
evidence between the time of the commission of the alleged
offense and the disposition of the case, which should be kept to a
minimum.
Chain of Custody = (DRAMCE)
- Duly Recorded Authorized Movement of Custody of
Evidence.
- Paper Trail

18. Purpose of Chain of Custody
1. In litigation investigating unit or agencies must be able to
prove the legal integrity of all samples and data introduced as
evidence.
2. To established an accurate written record to track the
possession, handling, and location of samples and data from
collection.
3. Efficiency in verifying the identity of the person responsible for
or who was possessed the samples and facts and where the
samples have been.

19. Chain of Custody
The chain of custody must be in detail including all persons
like your boss who wants to see the samples (ex. Dumaan
kay PD, RD, or CPNP) records everything that takes place if
possible picture or video the transfer of custody.
1. From seizure
2. To investigator (IOC)
3. To PNP Forensic Group (formerly, Crime Laboratory)
Note: the lesser the chain of custody the better

20. PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Protocol 1: Jurisdictional Investigation by the
Territorial Unit Concerned
The Police Station, which has territorial jurisdiction
of the area where the crime incident was committed,
shall immediately undertake the necessary
investigation and processing of the crime scene.
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

21. Protocol 2: Official Police Blotter
 An 18” x 12” logbook with hard-bound cover
 All crime incidents must be recorded in the blotter
 Separate Police Blotter for VAWC and CICL cases
 Contain 5-Ws and 1-H
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

22. PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Protocol 2: Official Police Blotter
Answering the 5-Ws and 1H and the Case
Disposition
 Nature of the action or offense;
 Date, Time and Place of Occurrence (DTPO);
 Names of the suspect, victim, and witness/es;
 Facts of the case;
 Identity of Officer-On-Case; and
 Status of the case
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

23. Protocol 3: Investigation Team: Organization and
Equipment
a. All investigators in any police unit must be a
graduate of prescribed investigation course with a
rank of at least PO2.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

24. Protocol 3: Investigation Team: Organization and
Equipment
b. Composition:
1) Team Leader
2) Investigator/recorder
3) Photographer
4) Evidence custodian
5) Composite Illustrator/Artist
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

25. Protocol 3: Investigation Team: Organization and
Equipment
c. Equipment of the Investigator:
1) Police line
2) Video camera
3) Voice recorder
4) Camera
5) Measuring device
6) Gloves
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

26. Protocol 3: Investigation Team: Organization and
Equipment
c. Equipment of the Investigator:
7) Flashlight
8) Fingerprint kit
9) Evidence bag
10)Evidence tag
11)Evidence bottles/vials
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

27. Protocol 3: Investigation Team: Organization and
Equipment
c. Equipment of the Investigator:
12)Investigator’s tickler contain the following:
a) Investigator’s checklist
b) Anatomical diagram form
c) Evidence checklist
d) Turn-over receipt
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

28. Protocol 4: Duties of the First Responder
a. Proceed to the crime scene to validate the
information received;
b. Record the exact time of arrival and all pertinent
data regarding the incident in his issued pocket
notebook and notify the TOC;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

29. Protocol 4: Duties of the First Responder
c. Cordon off the area and secure the crime scene
with a police line or whatever material to
preserve its integrity;
d. Check whether the situation still poses
imminent danger and call for back up if
necessary;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

30. Protocol 4: Duties of the First Responder
e. Identify possible witnesses and conduct
preliminary interview and ensure their
availability for the incoming investigator-on-
case;
f. Arrest the suspect/s if around or in instances
wherein the suspect/s is fleeing, make
appropriate notification for dragnet operations;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

31. Protocol 4: Duties of the First Responder
g. Prepare to take the “Dying Declaration” of
severely injured persons;
h. Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital
using emergency services;
i. Account for the killed, wounded and arrested
persons for proper disposition;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

32. Protocol 4: Duties of the First Responder
j. Conduct initial investigation;
k. Brief the IOC upon arrival and turn over the
crime scene;
l. Conduct inventory on the evidence taken at the
crime scene. Inventory receipt should be
properly signed by the 1st responder, SOCO
and the investigator.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

33. Protocol 5: Duties and Responsibilities of the
Investigating Team
a. Take full control of the crime scene to include
the following:
 conduct of crime scene search;
 taking of photographs;
 making sketches;
 lifting of fingerprints;
 markings of physical evidence;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

34. Protocol 5: Duties and Responsibilities of the
Investigating Team
a. Take full control of the crime scene to include
the following:
 transmittal of evidence to crime laboratory;
 interview of witnesses;
 gathering and evaluation of evidence;
 follow-up of the case; and
 the documentation and filing of appropriate
charges in court.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

35. Protocol 5: Duties and Responsibilities of the
Investigating Team
b. Establish a command post in the immediate
vicinity of the crime scene;
c. Designate a holding area in the immediate
vicinity of the crime scene;
d. Conduct case conference with the FR, SOCO,
other law enforcers and rescue personnel;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

36. Protocol 5: Duties and Responsibilities of the
Investigating Team
e. Note any secondary crime scene; and
f. Release the crime scene after investigation.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

37. Protocol 6: Investigation of Suspects
a. Procedures when arrest is made:
1) Secure the person arrested;
2) Inform the arrested person on the cause of
his arrest and his rights;
3) Conduct thorough search;
4) Use reasonable force;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

38. Protocol 6: Investigation of Suspects
a. Procedures when arrest is made:
5) Confiscated evidence shall be properly
documented and marked;
6) Bring the arrested person to the Police
Station for investigation.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

39. Protocol 6: Investigation of Suspects
b. Booking Procedures of the Arrested Person/
Suspect:
1) The arrested suspect shall be fingerprinted,
photographed and subjected to medical
examination to include liquor and drug tests.
2) Conduct record check.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

40. Protocol 7: Taking of Sworn Statement of Suspects
The execution of a suspect’s “WAIVER” as
stipulated in Art 125 of the RPC shall always be done
in the presence of his chosen counsel or any
independent counsel.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

41. Protocol 8: Taking of Sworn Statement of Witness
a. Sworn statement of complainant/s and
witnesses must be taken immediately;
b. Affidavit of arrest of arresting officers must be
taken immediately not later than 24 hours.
c. In Inquest cases, the IOC and the arresting
officer/s shall observe Art.125 of the RPC.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

42. Protocol 9: Preparation of Reports and Filing of
Charges
The IOC shall submit the following:
a. Spot report within 24 hours to NHQ;
b. Progress report;
c. After operation report;
d. Final Report after the case is filed before the
prosecutor’s office/court;
e. Accomplishment report.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

43. Protocol 10: Procedure in the Release of Crime
Scene
a. Ensure that appropriate inventory has been
made;
b. Release is accomplished only after completion
of the final survey and proper documentation of
evidence, witnesses, victim/s, and suspect/s;
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

44. Protocol 10: Procedure in the Release of Crime
Scene
c. If the crime scene is within a private property,
the same must released to the lawful owner
witnessed by any barangay official. In case of
government facility, it should be released to the
administrator.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

45. Protocol 11: Follow-up of Case
The investigator shall conduct police operation
to identify and apprehend suspect/s based on the
results of the initial investigation conducted.
Protocol 12: Preparation of Case Investigation Plan
The conduct of operation involving sensational
cases, high profile and heinous crimes must be
covered by CIPLAN.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

46. Protocol 13: Attendance to Court Duties
The IOC and arresting officers shall endeavor to
ensure their attendance during court hearings while
the COPs/Heads of Units shall supervise and ensure
the attendance of witness/es.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure

47. Protocol 14: Uniform of the Investigator
Prescribed uniform should be worn by
investigators when conducting investigation so as to
identify them as PNP personnel.
PROTOCOLS IN INVESTIGATION
Week 8– Criminal Investigation with Basic SOCO Procedure