Kaliningrad and Lithuania

1. Kaliningrad Factor in Lithuanian
- Russian
Relations

2. Kaliningrad
 History
 Kaliningrad city began as a Prussian settlement before 1255 before attaining
German and polish ownership from 1255 to 1945 and 1454 to 1455
respectively. It became part of Russia after the Second World War in 1946.
 Geography
 It is located between Lithuania and Poland at the mouth of the Pregolya River
 Economics
 The Russian regime considered the issue of visa-free travel as a security threat
during the EU-Russia negotiations. The subsequent hostile relations between
Russian and Lithuania impeded the corporation of major political issues.
 The result has been a lack of substantive development of the KO. They point out
the kremlin’s efforts to develop the Kaliningrad Oblast as an economic test area
and a military outpost.
 Culture
 The area’s cultural heritage is a mixture of German (due to its prewar East Prussian
history) and Russian culture.

3. Lithuania
 History
Mindaugas united the Lithuanians in the 12th century in 1251.
Poland and Lithuania made up one of Europe’s largest medieval
empires.
 Geography
It is located on the shores of the Baltic Sea with Russia and
Poland to the southwest, Latvia to the North, and Belarus to the
South.
 Economics
Its economy and GDP is the largest of the three Baltic States
including Latvia, and Estonia. It is a member of the European
Union
 Culture
 Comprises indigenous heritage of Nordic culture, Lithuanian
language. Its Christian traditions are on account of its Polish history

4. References
Ivanauskas, V., Keršanskas, V., & Kasčiūnas, L. (2017). Kaliningrad Factor in Lithuanian -
Russian Relations: Implications to the Security Issues of Lithuania. Lithuanian Annual
Strategic Review, 15(1), 119-149. https://doi.org/10.1515/lasr-2017-0006