Course Materials

1. Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response HW
Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response HW ON Grand Canyon
University Primary Care Shortage Response HWIn this assignment, students will pull
together the change proposal project components they have been working on throughout
the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the
course. At the conclusion of this project, the student will be able to apply evidence-based
research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented
problem or issue in future practice.Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that
includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative,
or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal:BackgroundProblem
statementPurpose of the change proposalPICOTLiterature search strategy
employedEvaluation of the literatureApplicable change or nursing theory utilizedProposed
implementation plan with outcome measuresIdentification of potential barriers to plan
implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcomeAppendix section, if
tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are createdReview the feedback from
your instructor on the Topic 3 assignment, PICOT Statement Paper, and Topic 6 assignment,
Literature Review. Use the feedback to make appropriate revisions to the portfolio
components before submitting.Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in
the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.This
assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to
become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.You are required to submit
this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success
Center.Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response
HWattachment_1attachment_2Unformatted Attachment PreviewRunning head: SOLUTION
TO THE PRIMARY CARE SHORTAGE Solution to the Primary Care Shortage Ana Trana Grand
Canyon University 10/13/2019 1 SOLUTION TO THE PRIMARY CARE SHORTAGE 1 The
solution to the Primary Care Shortage Primary care has been a challenge in recent years due
to many arising factors such as high population and the shortage of nursing practitioners.
Millions of Americans have been denied sufficient access to primary care. This issue has put
patients at high risk due to lack of quality treatment provided in health facilities across the
nation. It has been a developing problem in recent years due to the rising population. There
are numerous solutions regarding the primary care shortage across the nation that can be
developed and implemented to reduce its impact (Brown, 2018). The Setting in which the
Primary Care Shortage can be Observed This issue can be observed through developing

2. research and theoretically analyzing the issue in several health facilities in at least ten states
across the US. Through an observational research design, an analysis can be generated from
the health facilities to the affected communities. Experimental research can also be useful in
this case to ascertain the impact of this issue on the American people. Furtherly, this issue
can be observed by substantiating the available nursing practitioners in public healthcare
facilities against the number of patients admitted. Through this, it will avail the problem and
its impact. A Detailed Description on the Primary Care Shortage Issue and its Solution
Conferring to Edmunds (20 14), the number of Primary Care Physicians (PCP) and NPs
needed in the healthcare sector is going to rise by the year 2025 due to two significant
reasons. Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response HWThe first significant
issue is the limited scope-of-practice that NPs have been offered by most of the states in the
US. This policy has limited NPs to provide primary care while they have the required skills
(Pentecost, 2017). Secondly, the rising population in the US has been way too high, thus
requiring an increase of nurses in the healthcare sector which hasn’t been implemented.
Primary care shortage is an issue that needs a quick solution to enhance SOLUTION TO THE
PRIMARY CARE SHORTAGE 2 quality care and to reduce the mortality rate in the US
(Hackey et al., 2018). This issue has resulted in a loss of control to both acute and chronic
diseases. Therefore, solutions must be provided to better the healthcare services and the
primary care across the nation The Impact of the Primary Care Shortage Primary care
shortage has various and adverse impacts in the healthcare sector. The primary effect is
risking the lives of millions of patients due to lack of quality healthcare. According to
Buckley et al. (2013), primary care shortage has led to an inexorable rise of chronic and
acute diseases that should be manageable in the 21st century. These are the two major
impacts of this issue, affecting the American people adversely. Significance of the Primary
Care Shortage and its Implication in Nursing The principal importance of this issue is that it
has enabled the healthcare sector to be aware of the gaps they face. Shortcomings such as
the limitation of the scope-of-practice on NPs while they are supposed to be providing
services to patients. This issue in nursing implied the propelled ACA policy and generated a
better healthcare system across the US. Quality healthcare has also been prioritized with
millions of patients receiving insurance coverage (Collins, 2012). A Proposed Solution to the
Primary Care Shortage The best recommendation to the primary care shortage is changing
the policies of the scope-of-practice on NPs across the US (Glass et al. 2017). This move will
enable the NPs to provide primary care services to patients, thus enhancing quality care.
Also, physicians should work along with NPs to build a workforce that will address the
primary care shortage (Fodeman, 2015). These two sanctions will ensure that patients
receive adequate and timely healthcare services, thus reducing the repercussions of this
issue. SOLUTION TO THE PRIMARY CARE SHORTAGE References Brown, T., (2018). Nurse
Practitioners: A Commonsense Solution to the Primary Care Shortage. Journal of Nursing.
Buckley, L., et al. (2013). An Analysis of the Primary Care Physician Shortage and the Effects
of the Affordable Care Act. Nursing Journal. Collins, S., (2012). Primary Care Shortages:
Strengthening This Sector Is Urgently Needed, Now and in Preparation for Healthcare
Reform. NCBI Nursing Journal Edmunds, M., (2014). Important NP Issues, Volume 10. Grand
Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response HWJournal of Nursing Practitioner.

3. Retrieved From: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.09.007 Fodeman, J., (2015).
Solutions to the Primary Care Physician Shortage, Vol 128. American Journal of Medicine.
Glass, D., et al. (2017). The Impact of Improving Access to Primary Care. NCBI Journal of
Evaluation in Clinical Practice. Hackey, R., et al. (2018). Rethinking the Shortage of Primary
Care Physicians, Vol 31. Journal of the American Academy of PAs. Pentecost, M., (2017).
Looming Physician Shortage? Vol 14. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 3
Literature Evaluation Table Student Name: Ans Trana Criteria Article 1 Author, Journal
(PeerReviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Article Title and Year
Published Poghosyan, L., & Aiken, L. The Journal of ambulatory care management Retrieved
from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25748259 Maximizing nurse practitioners’
contributions to primary care through organizational changes (2015). Research Questions
(Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study The purpose of the
study was to explore the roles and characteristics for nurse practitioner needed to ensure
quality delivery of services in care settings. Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of
Qualitative) The study was a cross-sectional survey Setting/Sample The study involved 592
nursing practitioners within primary care setting The participants reported on job
satisfaction, intention to leave, available and relations with management. Methods:
Intervention/Instruments Analysis Data was analyzed through thematic analysis technique.
Topics and patterns in the data was identified and explored. The participants reported
deficits in organizational context of care, poor working relationships and problematic
resources deployment. Key Findings Recommendations Explanation of How the Article s
EBP/Capstone Project Organizational structure should be reformed to redefine roles and
function of nursing practitioners. The article talks about deficit of nurse practitioner and
explains how poor organizational structures contribute to this problem. © 2015. Grand
Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Criteria Article 2 Author, Journal (PeerReviewed),
and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Article Title and Year Published Wojnar, D.
M., & Whelan. Nursing Outlook Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034448 Preparing nursing students for
enhanced roles in primary care: The current state of pre-licensure and RN-to-BSN education
(2017). Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of
Study The aim of this study was to explore the state of prelicensure and bachelor education
on the implementation of primary care content. Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of
Qualitative) The study was a qualitative design that used online surveys Setting/Sample The
sample consisted of 529 schools in USA. Methods: Intervention/Instruments Online surveys
Analysis Emerging patterns in the data were analyzed using summative content analysis
Some of the participants had implemented primary care content but others found it difficult
to implement. Key Findings Recommendations Explanation of How the Article s
EBP/Capstone Project Criteria Nursing managers and scholars must work together with
clinicians to design and improve clinical experience. The article brings to light problems in
current healthcare and how transformation is needed to ensure quality care. Article 3
Author, Journal (PeerReviewed), and Brisen, H., Dunn, A., Parada, A., & Renden. Academic
Medicine, 91(2), 224-228. © 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Permalink
or Working Link to Access Article Retrieved from:

4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26397700 Article Title and Year Published
Addressing the primary care shortage on a shoestring: a successful track in an internal
medicine residency (2016). Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative),
and Purposes/Aim of Study The study addresses the problem of primary care shortage
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative) Qualitative experimental study
Setting/Sample University of New Mexico Methods: Intervention/Instruments A resident
driven primary care track was created to designate blocks of time dedicated to primary care
training. Analysis Outcomes were analyzed by evaluating the effectiveness of the program
There was a considerable increase in the number of residents pursuing primary care
training. Creation of more primary care track with administrative The study is important
because it address the problem being investigated by the capstone project. Key Findings
Recommendations Explanation of How the Article s EBP/Capstone Project Criteria Article
4 Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage
Response HWPermalink or Working Link to Access Article Xu et al. Nursing outlook, 66(3),
263-272. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00296
5541730605X Article Title and Year Published Federally qualified health centers reduce the
primary care provider gap in health professional shortage counties (2018). Research
Questions (Qualitative)/Hypoth The study examined trends in primary care supply and the
success of FGHC in reducing the gap in provider shortage © 2017. Grand Canyon University.
All Rights Reserved. esis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study Design (Type of
Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative) The study was a retrospective cohort study
Setting/Sample The cohort study used data sample from national county level from 2009 to
2013. Methods: Intervention/Instru ments The sample included primary care providers like
physicians, nurses and assistants. Analysis Thematic analysis was used to bring out major
trends and patterns in the data Partial Health professional shortage areas (HPSA) showed
the highest levels of care provider supply followed by non-HPSA. Key Findings
Recommendations More federally qualified health centers (FQHC) should be developed to
address shortage of care providers. Explanation of How the Article s EBP/Capstone Project
The study answers some of the major questions being sought by the capstone project
Criteria Article 5 Author, Journal (PeerReviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access
Article Song, H., Ryan, M., Tendulkar, S., Fisher, J., Martin, J., Peters, A. S & Singer, S. J… Health
care management review. Link:
https://journals.lww.com/hcmrjournal/fulltext/2017/01000/Team_dynamic
s,_clinical_work_satisfaction,_and.4.aspx Article Title and Year Published Team dynamics,
clinical work satisfaction, and patient care coordination between primary care providers: a
mixed methods study (2017) Research Questions The purpose of the study was to examine
the relationship among team dynamics, work satisfaction and coordination of care © 2017.
Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. (Qualitative)/Hy pothesis (Quantitative), and
Purposes/Aim of Study Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative) Setting/Sample
The study was a mixed methods cross-sectional survey The surveys were administered to
548 participants working in healthcare settings. Methods: Intervention/Ins The cross
sectional surveys were administered to 548 PCPS and 65 percent truments responded. The
researchers assessed the relationship of tem dynamics with satisfaction ad perception of

5. care. Analysis The researchers used qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation Key
Findings Team dynamics was positively related with clinical work satisfaction and care
quality. Coordination mediated the relationship between team dynamics and satisfaction.
There was no mediating effect for physician residents Recommendatio Improving team
dynamics can greatly improve satisfaction and quality of ns care Explanation of How the
Article s EBP/Capstone Project The article brings to light problems in current healthcare
and how different factors contribute to work satisfaction Criteria Article 6 Author, Journal
(PeerReviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Nkhata, Muzambi, M.,
Ford, D., Chan, A. K., Abongomera, G., Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage
Response HWNamata & Mabugu health services research Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852291 © 2017. Grand Canyon University. All
Rights Reserved. Article Title and Year Published Research Questions
(Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study Design (Type of
Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative) Shifting human resources for health in the context of
ART provision: qualitative and quantitative findings from the Lablite baseline study. (2016).
The purpose of the study was to describe and compare national and intercountry delivery of
ART services The study was a cross sectional baseline survey Setting/Sample The study
involved a sample of 81 health facilities in Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Methods:
Intervention/Instruments The study was done between 2011 and 2012. Data was collected
using questionnaires on facility characteristics, human resources and service provision.
Analysis Data was analyzed by looking at interesting patterns using content analysis In
Malawi and Uganda, primary care facilities were run by non-physicians while in Zimbabwe,
they were run by nurses and midwives. Turnover was high in both countries. Key Findings
The introduction of ART increased workload. Low job satisfaction was linked to low
salaries, lack of training and extended working schedules. Recommendations Explanation of
How the Article s EBP/Capstone Project More resources are need for task shifting.
Innovative methods to improve care and training are also needed. The study is relevant
because it exposes the problem of high turnover in healthcare settings and how
organizational structure contributes to this problem Criteria Article 7 Author, Journal
(PeerReviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article Chimwaza, W., Chipeta,
E., Ngwira, A., Kamwendo, F., Taulo, F., Bradley, S., & McAuliffe Human resources for health,
12(1), 17. Link: https://human-
resourceshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/14784491-12-17 © 2017. Grand
Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Article Title and Year Published What makes staff
consider leaving the health service in Malawi? Human resources for health (2014). Research
Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study The aim of
the study was to investigate factors that contribute to high turnover in Malawi healthcare
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative) The study was a descriptive qualitative
study Setting/Sample 84 participants were involved in the study and data was collected
using Critical Incident Analysis tool. Methods: Intervention/Instruments Data was collected
using critical incident analysis interview Analysis Thematic analysis was used to explore
reasons for leaving job 69 percent of the participants said they experienced demotivating
incidents that made them want to leave job. Some of the most common reasons for leaving

6. the job were unfair treatment, disrespect, lack of recognition and delays in payment. Key
Findings Recommendations Explanation of How the Article s EBP/Capstone Project The
management should create and enabling environment and consider rewarding employees.
The study provides some of the reason that contribute to high turnover in healthcare
settings References Poghosyan, Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response
HWL., & Aiken, L. H. (2015). Maximizing nurse practitioners’ contributions to primary care
through organizational changes. The Journal of ambulatory care management, 38(2), 109-
117. © 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Wojnar, D. M., & Whelan, E. M.
(2017). Preparing nursing students for enhanced roles in primary care: The current state of
pre-licensure and RN-to-BSN education. Nursing outlook, 65(2), 222-232. Brislen, H., Dunn,
A., Parada, A., & Rendon, P. (2016). Addressing the primary care shortage on a shoestring: a
successful track in an internal medicine residency. Academic Medicine, 91(2), 224-228. Xue,
Y., Greener, E., Kannan, V., Smith, J. A., Brewer, C., & Spetz, J. (2018). Federally qualified
health centers reduce the primary care provider gap in health professional shortage
counties. Nursing outlook, 66(3), 263-272. Song, H., Ryan, M., Tendulkar, S., Fisher, J.,
Martin, J., Peters, A. S & Singer, S. J. (2017). Team dynamics, clinical work satisfaction, and
patient care coordination between primary care providers: a mixed methods study. Health
care management review, 42(1), 28-41. Nkhata, M. J., Muzambi, M., Ford, D., Chan, A. K.,
Abongomera, G., Namata, H & Mabugu, T. (2016). Shifting human resources for health in the
context of ART provision: qualitative and quantitative findings from the Lablite baseline
study. BMC health services research, 16(1), 660. Chimwaza, W., Chipeta, E., Ngwira, A.,
Kamwendo, F., Taulo, F., Bradley, S., & McAuliffe, E. (2014). What makes staff consider
leaving the health service in Malawi?. Human resources for health, 12(1), 17. Kinfu, Y., Dal
Piz, M. R., Mercer, H., & Evans, D. B. (2009). The health worker shortage in Africa: are
enough physicians and nurses being trained? © 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights
Reserved. …Grand Canyon University Primary Care Shortage Response HW