1. Conner, Breanna
INTS 3300: L3-A1: Literature Search
February 19, 2015
For the final research paper, I propose the following focus question: How does fracking
and the production of oil effect relationships in and amongst families in a community and to
what extent does substance use and abuse play in terms of the dynamics of those relationships?
The issue of fracking is most definitely a complex problem that justifies interdisciplinary study
due to the fact that there are so many different areas that have vested interests in the topic. This
issue is not black and white; there are many gray areas, and with those gray areas come high
emotions, and strong differing ideas. To better understand the problem I will be using the
concentrations of psychology and addictive disorders and recovery studies; psychology can help
to shed light on the motives, human needs, and desires behind actions of workers and their
family members when making everyday life decisions. Addictive disorders and Recovery Studies
can be helpful in trying to find cost effective ways to stop the rampant substance use and abuse
that seems to come with the territory that is the oilfield business.
The following are references that I have collected during my research:
1. Kimberley, D. (2010). Assessing the Consequences for Children and Families when a Parent
Has a Problem with Substance Use and Abuse: Considerations for Social Workers and
Other Helping Professionals. Forum On Public Policy Online,(1). Retrieved from
http://forumonpublicpolicy.com/spring2010.vol2010/substanceabuse2010.htm
Discipline: Psychology
Method: Qualitative

2. Abstract:
The intent of this paper is to contribute to scholarship, knowledge and public policy
regarding child maltreatment and parenting capacity within the context of parental
substance use and abuse. One goal is to give voice to the children who have moved to, or
who are approaching, the threshold for needing a type of protection that is neither
governed by the best interest of the parent (even by default) nor by fixation by
professionals on an ideology of family preservation--in the face of competing logical
possibilities. In their best interest, many children and youth with drug addicted parents,
who present repeated risks with known harm, are now more likely to require continuous
care and a permanency plan. This policy-practice analysis relies on selected literature and
on published studies and analyses within some current and emerging contexts. Part of the
analysis is informed by an analysis of 50 case files, exploring an available sample of
expert assessment processes and classifications associated with parental capacity and
child-risk need--where parental capacity has been repeatedly compromised by substance
use, abuse and addictions. The analysis applied predetermined broad child-risk-need-
harm dimensions, expanded upon within the context of interpretations arising from the
case content and findings from the literature, to enable formulation of conclusions
regarding how some drug effects, substance use and abuse, and/or drug using lifestyle,
interact with parental capacity and child risk-need-harm. (Contains 22 footnotes.)
2. Parkins, J. R., & Angell, A. C. (2011). Linking social structure, fragmentation, and substance
abuse in a resource-based community. Community, Work & Family, 14(1), 39-55.
doi:10.1080/13668803.2010.506030
Discipline: Substance Abuse
Method: Quantitive
Abstract:
Drawing on case-study research from a rural, resource-based community in Alberta,
Canada, this paper explores the social and economic context of substance abuse. Specifically, the
linkages between social structure, community fragmentation, and family dysfunction offer a way
of understanding differential resistance and susceptibility to substance abuse. Five thematic areas
were linked to susceptibility in this study: (1) an economy based on multiple divergent sectors,
which gives rise to income disparity and social inequality; (2) a highly transient population,
which results in social distancing and lack of social support; (3) shift work, which prevents
opportunities for consistent and productive family and community relationships; (4) high
incomes, which lead to material competition and financial stress; and (5) a culture of entitlement,
which produces certain expectations and perceived privileges among some workers and their
families. Our findings are consistent with previous research on the link between substance abuse
and shift work, work environments, and the social conditions in boomtowns. But this paper also

3. identifies novel themes, such as high incomes and a culture of entitlement, and introduces the
notion of slow disasters and cumulative risk histories to help explain susceptibility to substance
abuse within this rural community.
3. Morikawa, Y., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Nagasawa, S., Ishizaki, M., Kido, T., & ...
Nakagawa, H. (n.d). Correlation between Shift-work-related Sleep Problems and Heavy
Drinking in Japanese Male Factory Workers. Alcohol And Alcoholism, 48(2), 202-206.
doi: 10.1093/alcalc/ags128
Discipline: Substance Abuse
Method: Quantitative
Abstract:
Aims: To investigate the effects of shift work on increased alcohol intake associated with
poor sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional survey evaluated the correlation between work
schedule, poor sleep quality and heavy drinking among 909 factory workers aged 35-54 years in
Japan. Subjects included 530 day workers, 72 shift workers who did not work at night and 290
shift workers who engaged in night work. Heavy drinking was defined as a mean volume of
alcohol consumption exceeding 60 g/day. Results: Compared with other workers, night-shift
workers who suffered poor sleep quality exhibited the highest frequency of heavy drinking
(17.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared with day workers
with good sleep, night-shift workers who experienced poor sleep had more than twice the odds of
heavy alcohol consumption (odds ratio 2.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-3.93]). Shift
workers who did not work at night and day workers with poor sleep were not at increased odds
of heavy drinking. Conclusion: Shift workers who engage in night work may try to modify their
health behavior to cope with sleep problems. Such modification may be a risk factor for heavy
drinking.
4. Parkins, J. R., & Angell, A. C. (2011). Linking social structure, fragmentation, and substance
abuse in a resource-based community. Community, Work & Family, 14(1), 39-55.
Retrieved from
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13668803.2010.506030?journalCode=ccwf
20#.VCoHkxYlq7I
Discipline: Psychology

4. Method: Quantitative
Abstract:
Drawing on case-study research from a rural, resource-based community in Alberta,
Canada, this paper explores the social and economic context of substance abuse. Specifically, the
linkages between social structure, community fragmentation, and family dysfunction offer a way
of understanding differential resistance and susceptibility to substance abuse. Five thematic areas
were linked to susceptibility in this study: (1) an economy based on multiple divergent sectors,
which gives rise to income disparity and social inequality; (2) a highly transient population,
which results in social distancing and lack of social support; (3) shift work, which prevents
opportunities for consistent and productive family and community relationships; (4) high
incomes, which lead to material competition and financial stress; and (5) a culture of entitlement,
which produces certain expectations and perceived privileges among some workers and their
families. Our findings are consistent with previous research on the link between substance abuse
and shift work, work environments, and the social conditions in boomtowns. But this paper also
identifies novel themes, such as high incomes and a culture of entitlement, and introduces the
notion of slow disasters and cumulative risk histories to help explain susceptibility to substance
abuse within this rural community.
5. Weber, B. A., Geigle, J., & Barkdull, C. (2014). Rural North Dakota's Oil Boom and Its
Impact on Social Services. Social work, 59(1), 62-72. Retrieved from
http://sw.oxfordjournals.org/content/59/1/62.short
Discipline: Psychology
Method: Quantitative
Abstract:
Over the last five years, North Dakota has experienced an oil boom based on high oil
prices and hydraulic fracturing technologies. This has brought economic expansion and
population growth to rural communities that had previously experienced decades of depopulation
and economic struggle. Although the state has enjoyed many benefits—especially in
juxtaposition to a sluggish national economy—the boom has also meant the arrival of economic
refugees and dramatic impacts on largely rural social service systems. In the midst of a rapidly
changing situation, available information tends to swing between euphoria over economic
success and hysteria about rising crime and shifting cultures. In response, the authors used a
primary focus group with county social service directors from across the state and a follow-up
focus group with social workers operating on the edge of oil activity. Grounded in resilience
theory, qualitative analysis of the primary focus group, and triangulation of data from other

5. sources, this study provides a more objective report of the housing and social challenges, the
benefits of the boom, and the challenges to solutions.
6. Wilhelm, K., Kovess, V., Rios-Seidel, C., & Finch, A. (2004). Work and mental health. Social
psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 39(11), 866-873. doi: 10.1007/s00127-004-
0869-7
Discipline: Psychology
Method: Qualitative
Abstract:
Background:
Studies investigating the psychological correlates of types of occupation have focused on such
disorders as stress, depression, suicide and substance abuse. There have also been some models
proposed to allow understanding of factors common to different types of occupations. We sought
to provide an overview of research related to work and mental health and consider future
research directions.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted using the Medline, PsycInfo, Embase and PubMed databases.
The key words ‘occupation’ or ‘work’ were searched in combination with the key words ‘mental
health’, ‘risk factors’, ‘disorders’, ‘depression’, ‘suicide’, ‘trauma’, ‘stress’ or ‘substance use’.
Results:
Studies of ‘stress’ tend to be more applicable to specific workplace issues. While some of the
studies relating to onset of depression, suicide, substance abuse and trauma pertain to specific
occupational issues and results are often not generalizable, they have progressed our
understanding of risk factors to those disorders. There are workplace factors involving exposure
to danger and crisis that lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse (including
stimulants) and depersonalization. Workplace risk factors for depression involve situations
promoting lack of autonomy, and involving ‘caring’ for others as part of the work role,
particularly where there is dependence on others for their livelihood. Risk factors for alcohol
abuse include workplaces with access to alcohol and where use of alcohol is sanctioned. There
appears to be a bi-directional relationship between personality and work, so that people are
drawn to particular occupations, but the occupations then have an effect on them. An
interactional model is proposed to consider this.
Conclusion:

6. The research questions pertaining to mental health are varied and will determine what mental
health issues are of interest and the models of work applicable. There need to be more
longitudinal studies and consideration of factors which the worker brings to the workplace
(psychosocial issues, personality traits), as well as interpersonal issues and consideration of
systemic, organizational, political and economic factors, including leadership styles.
7. Oppong, S. (2014). Common Health, Safety and Environmental Concerns in Upstream Oil and
Gas Sector: Implications for HSE Management in Ghana. Academicus International
Scientific Journal, (9), 93-106. Retrieved from: http://www.ceeol.com
Discipline: Physiological Health/Disease/Substance Abuse
Method: Quantitative
Abstract:
This paper explores the literature to identify common occupational injuries, diseases, and
psychological wellbeing on oil rigs as well as the negative environmental impacts of the
upstream oil and gas sector. It ends by making recommendations for effective health,
safety, and environmental (HSE) management. Review of the literature showed that
contusion (bruise), cuts, and laceration are the commonest occupational injuries that
workers on the oil rig suffer and that the injuries mostly affect the hand and finger, leg,
and eyes of the offshore workers. These injuries were found to be caused mostly by direct
stroke, jamming and overstrain. Similarly, accidental poisoning, musculoskeletal
disorders, respiratory disorders and diseases of the digestive system were also
documented as the commonest occupational diseases among offshore workers. The
literature also shows that working offshore is associated with poorer psychological
wellbeing or health; this is to say that offshore workers tend to experience higher levels
of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, low job satisfaction (particularly with the
environmental conditions associated with their work), and sleep disorders. Finally, the
literature review indicated that land-use problems, air pollution, acid rain, climate
change, habitat disruption, environmental degradation, oil spills and leakages are some of
environmental impacts of upstream oil production. This review was concluded by
recommending some measures for the management of the HSE hazards associated with
the oil and gas sector.
8. Trice, H. M., & Sonnenstuhl, W. J. (1988). Drinking behavior and risk factors related to the
work place: Implications for research and prevention. The Journal of Applied Behavioral
Science, 24(4), 327-346. doi: 10.1177/002188638802400403
Discipline: Psychology/ Behavioral Science

7. Method: Qualitative
Abstract:
This article presents a review of the literature addressing employees' alcohol abuse and
dependence. Based on this review, the authors identify four perspectives adopted by social
scientists studying drinking behavior and the work place. The work culture perspective
postulates that administrative and occupational subcultures establish norms for alcohol use. The
social control perspective postulates that an organization's disciplinary structure may either
inhibit or create opportunities for the development of drinking problems. The alienation
perspective and the work stress perspective postulate that various work place conditions (e.g.,
boring tasks, work overload) cause distress, which employees may seek to relieve with alcohol.
The authors recommend that these four perspectives guide future research and current efforts to
reduce risk factors in the work place that are associated with drinking behavior.