This document discusses the study of philosophy. It begins by outlining the intended learning outcomes of recalling philosophical concepts, understanding the nature and purpose of philosophy, and applying philosophy to life situations. It then discusses Plato's view of philosophy as a rational quest for universal forms and truths. For Plato, a philosophical life involves contemplating what is truly good. The document outlines several philosophical fields and minor branches of philosophy that deal with specific topics like art, education, language, law, and religion. It concludes by stating philosophy's purposes of helping understand ourselves, others, and our place in the world.

1. THE STUDY OF WHY’S
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Recall/understand the various concepts of
Philosophy
2. Understand the nature, scope of philosophy and
its purpose
3. Internalize the value of Philosophy to life situation

2. INTRODUCTION
 PLATO: THE PHILOSOPHICAL LIFE
 PLATO (427 – 347 BC) founded a school called
the Academy. Like his mentor Socrates, he
believed that philosophers have a duty to society to
help the citizens live a good life. He wrote what is
said to be the most influential book in Western
civilization, The Republic. The book includes
discourse on the concept of justice, the good, virtue
and human life. Plato’s ethical theory rests on
idealist metaphysical assumptions about the nature
of knowledge and reality.

3. INTRODUCTION

Philosophy for Plato is the rational quest for
the unchanging, universal and eternal forms
existing in the world of ideas(mind). These
transcendental forms constitute being and
reality. A philosophical life is a life of
contemplation of whatever in reality is true
and good.

4. 
Philosophy In Life:
 Philosophy of Religion
 Philosophy of Mind
 Philosophy of Law

5. ALLEGORY OF THE CAVES

6. GREEK UNDERSTANDING OF
PHILOSOPHY

7. CHINESE UNDERSTANDING OF
PHILOSOPHY

8. HINDUS UNDERSTANDING OF
PHILOSOPHY

9. FORMAL UNDERSTANDING OF
PHILOSOPHY

10. ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY

11. Active Philosopher during 4th &
6th Century BC

13. SOCRATES

14. ARISTOTLE

15. THALES

16. PURPOSE OF PHILOSOPHY
The pleasure of philosophizing, thinking,
reflecting, analyzing, evaluating, etc. is
fulfillment or satisfaction alien to a person
who has a narrow interest of reality. There is
indeed a joy of philosophizing, a joy which
only the pundits can experience.
Philosophy enables us to understand ourselves
better;
Philosophy helps us to understand others, our
fellowmen;

17. PURPOSE OF PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy helps us to understand others’
way of thinking;
Philosophy helps us to understand the world
and our place and role in it;
Philosophy helps us understand the
significance, meaning, value, and finality of
human life;
Philosophy helps us know and understand
God in his nature, essence, activities, and
attributes.

18. THE PHILOSOPHICAL FIELDS

19. MINOR BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 These branches (sub-fields) have particular doctrine in answering key
questions in philosophy.
 Philosophy of Art – deals on art, aesthetic value,
expression, and other concepts that the critic employs.
 Philosophy of Education – deals with speculation and
application of philosophical methods in the study of
educational issues and problems.
 Philosophy of History – deals with the description of
events and actions of man’s past happenings and those
that are to happen in man.

20. MINOR BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 Philosophy of Language – deals with languages, their
meanings and how to use and manage the language to
man’s existence.
 Philosophy of Law – deals with the formulation of
theories and concepts in law to help man understand
the nature of law, its sources of authority and role in
society.
 Philosophy of Mathematics – is concerned on the critical
examination of basic mathematical entities,
mathematical theories and number system.

21. MINOR BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 Philosophy of Nature – deals with whatever issues
regarding the actual features of nature as reality. It is
divided into Philosophy of Physics and Philosophy of
Biology.
 Philosophy of Psychology – deals with actual theories
and research efforts of contemporary psychologists.
 Philosophy of Politics – deals with the question of the
origin of the state and authority and the law of the
land.

22. MINOR BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 Philosophy of Religion – deals on situation, experience, issues
and problems relating to religion and its methodology
 Philosophy of Science – provides intellectually and accurately
satisfying explanations of a broad range of natural phenomena.
 Philosophy of Society – deals with questions about personal
morality in relation to man’s existence as member of society.
 Philosophy of Man – is concerned on the study of human
nature, purpose, existence, destiny including his relationship
with people in society and God. It is sometimes referred to as
Philosophy of Human Person.

23. Always do good and
avoid evil
Always be good even
OTHERS are not