4. GOALS
17/09/2015
4
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
Argue about the unexpected outcomes of bioenergy transitions
Highlight the complexity of sustainability transitions
Explain a way to model the system’s complexity and triple
bottom line sustainability
Explain how to identify leverages for the system’s change
5. SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS?
5
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
What are the
outcomes of these
processes at local
level?
Are such transitions
really sustainable?
What is
sustainability?
6. CONSEQUENCES OF SUSTAINABILITY
TRANSITIONS: AN EXAMPLE
6
Bioenergy
production
- Thermal warming
- Impact on soil nutrients ad
biodiversity
- Social opposition
- Economic problems
- Water courses pollution
- GHG emissions
- Economic unfeasebility
- Social disinterest
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
8. TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE (TBL)
Economy Society Environment TBL
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
9. HOW TO DEFINE THE TBL?
9
Embedded definition of
Sustainability
Policy
documents
Previous
studies and
official
reports
Actors’ view
and
understandin
g
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
10. TBL METHODOLOGIES
24/09/15
10
User
manual
–
NIBIOs
power
point
template
Causal
mechanisms
of transition
processes
Institutional
analysis
Cognitive
analysis
System
dynamics
11. A CASE STUDY
Biogas in Emilia Romagna
11
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
12. PROBLEM ARTICULATION
Research questions
“Why does bioenergy development lead to unsustainable outcomes
in the case study area?”
“Is the Feed-In Tariff scheme a sufficient and necessary cause to
explain the causes of unsustainability?”
“What structures and causal mechanisms lay behind bioenergy
development that may explain unsustainable outcomes in the case
study?”
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
13. 13
METHODS AND VARIABLES SELECTION
Official
reports and
policy
documents
Statistical
reports
Interviews
with
stakeholders
Focus groups
Previous
studies
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
16. 16
investments in biogas
biogas
plants
biogas
production
energy crops
production
import of
biomass
farmland rent
price
traffic in rural
areas
GHG
emissions
+
+
+
+
+
+
bioelectricity
generation
digestate
generation
+
+
biomass
accumulation
+
+ biomass
storing
percolation
+
+
+
bad smells
+
social
opposition
+
+
pressure on local
and regional
governments
+
profit
+
+
- -
+
use of digestate on
farmland
+
-
policy
interventions*
+
demand for
farmland
+
+
+
-
use of land
food crops
production-
-
public
grants
+
-
+
R1
R2
+
R3
B1
plant
maintenance
B2
B3
B4
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
B5
B6
social capital
collaboration
organizational
capacity
+
-
+
+
+
+
bioheat
fraction used
in-house
fraction
non-consumed
+
+
-
thermal
warming
+
EU 2020 targets
achievement-
-
support
schemes
++
R10
B7
R11
R12
-
-
+
B8
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
17. HOW TO FIND THE LEVERAGES?
Balacing loops –down
growth
Reinforcing loops –
boost growth
Actors’ suggestions
Lessons from
successful cases
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
18. investments in biogas
biogas
plants
biogas
production
energy crops
production
import of
biomass
farmland rent
price
traffic in rural
areas
GHG
emissions
+
+
+
+
+
+
bioelectricity
generation
digestate
generation
+
+
biomass
accumulation
+
+ biomass
storing
percolation
+
+
+
bad smells
+
social
opposition
+
+
pressure on local
and regional
governments
+
profit
+
+
- -
+
use of digestate on
farmland
+
-
policy
interventions*
+
demand for
farmland
+
+
+
-
use of land
food crops
production-
-
public
grants
+
-
+
R1
R2
+
R3
B1
plant
maintenance
B2
B3
B4
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
B5
B6
social capital
collaboration
organizational
capacity
+
-
+
+
+
+
bioheat
fraction used
in-house
fraction
non-consumed
+
+
-
thermal
warming
+
EU 2020 targets
achievement-
-
support
schemes
++
R10
B7
R11
R12
-
-
+
B8
L
e
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
20. POLICY IMPLICATIONS
20
• Diversify and localize biomass supply
• Synergies among local actors
• Diversify the uses of biogas
Value chain
• Set regional ambitious climate change goals
• Focus on phase out fossil fuels from public buildings
• Enforce local land and energy planning
Regulations
• Start local participatory processes/platforms
• Strengthen local collaboration
• Give the possibility for shared investments
Social policies
17/09/2015
Bianca
Cavicchi,
PhD
Fellow
21. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Bianca Cavicchi,
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Norway, Ås, (Oslo Department)
bianca.cavicchi@nibio.no
British num. +44 7835 160629
Norwegian num. +47 46213132
