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Draft Research Report<br />Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publically available corporate documentation.<br />Prepared for Matter<br />June 2010<br />B.J. Miller<br />Introduction<br />This report is a brief introduction into what some of the world’s leading companies have reported with regards to their use and development of emerging technologies. The companies used are as follows: BP, Shell, Tesco, Marks & Spencer, Unilever, Proctor and Gamble, L’Oreal, Boots, Nestle, Premier Foods, Astra Zeneca and GlaxoSmithKline. <br />The companies chosen have been divided into pairs for comparison purposes.<br />,[object Object]
Food Retail – Tesco  and Marks & Spencer
Chemical  - Du Pont and BASF
Pharmaceutical – AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline
Cosmetics – Boots and L’Oreal
Food – Nestle and Premier Foods
Mixed – Proctor & Gamble and UnileverBy reading both the annual reports and in some cases sustainability reports  it was intended to reveal a surface level understanding of what these companies are reporting on emerging technology and gain an insight into what they were not reporting. By not researching deeper than these reports the intention was to ascertain what was available to the non-specialist in emerging technology.<br /> The information on the organisations was gathered by posing a short, standard set of questions for each report.<br />The questions and rationale are given here:<br />Do they mention their own use of emerging technology?This question relates to the company’s own use of emerging technology and the public acknowledgement that they are using or developing it. In the case of some companies, they may be using it but not reporting on it. Depending upon the industry and application this may be considered as less than ideal. Is their report particularly reader friendly?This question recognises that it is important for a report to be accessible  if a company is to communicate and educate the reader on their uses of emerging technology. If a company uses information that is perhaps overly scientific or the information they disclose is difficult to find within the report, then it is unreasonable to expect the reader to gain anything useful  from reading the report. Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety or the environment relevant to the reported emerging technology?This question directly addresses the environmental and social issues relevant to the use of emerging technologies. This research accepts that the impact of emerging technology may be vast. Yet, it appears, in many cases, unlike for example climate change, it is not being mentioned publicly. The question tests how the reporter addresses the issue – ‘it is important for companies to accept that some of it’s operations involving emerging technology could have extreme impacts, and that the public need to be educated on this’Do they discuss how they have made an effort to engage with their customers, NGO’s and other stakeholders?By addressing this it may indicate how much time has been invested in educating the public and other stakeholders regarding their development and employment of emerging technology. If none of the companies are trying to do this it becomes difficult to understand how  the public are supposed to understand or even know about the levels of emerging technology being used in industry today?Is the level of information provided on emerging technology sufficient?This question was posed in order to summarise at an integrated level the other questions. That is to say – does the information provide a coherent or a patchy message.  It is important to recognise what might constitute a sufficient amount of information on emerging technologies for a company to present effectively. <br />The sources used to answer these questions are the various company’s 2009 annual reports and ,if they exist, their 2009 sustainability reports (see Sources). In some cases, is not a 2009 sustainability report available or, as in the case with Marks and Spencer, they have already released a 2010 report. Within these reports a combination of close reading and the use of key words to help find the information required was employed. The use of key words will only be used if the information required was particularly difficult to find. <br />The key words are as follows; <br />emerging technology, <br />bio technology, <br />synthetic chemistry, <br />synthetic biology, <br />GM (Genetically Modified)<br />Nanotechnology.<br />Once the information is collected each company is scored in a range of 1 to 5 against the research questions. This is to differentiate between  the companies and determine if it is possible to see which companies are providing a useful amount of information and so indicating good practice. <br />The score will be assessed as follows. <br />,[object Object]
2/5 some mention of emerging technology but it is not necessarily shown clearly.
3/5 mention of emerging technology but perhaps in an extremely simplistic manner.
4/5 a good level of emerging technology talked about
5/5 all criteria met and expansive level of information provided. Not overly simplistic but written with enough conviction that the reader can understand entirely what emerging technology is being used.This information gathered is then used to compare between companies of a similar industry and the overall set of companies in the research.<br />This is summarised in the charts and tables that follow. The different groupings are colour coded to facilitate the comparison.<br />Do They Discuss How They've Made Effort to Engage With Customers, Ngo's and other stakeholders?<br />Is The Level of Information Providedon Emerging Technology sufficient?<br />CompanyDo they Directly Do they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is what they are reporting particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have made an effort to engage with their customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders?Is the level of information provided on emerging technology sufficient?BP+There is a  section on ‘r&t’ followed by a detailed section on their ’10 flagship technology programmes.’ +I found that compared to other reports, that BP’s reporting of emerging technology was extremely reader friendly. As a lay person I was quickly able to gather what BP were investing in and how the technology was beneficial.×Despite mentioning the benefits of this technology, there was little on the really contentious issues concerning some emerging technologies. I did feel that the level in which they appear to be researching into these technologies however does suggest that they are at least making an attempt to understand the potential contentious issues.++If compared to Shell, and in fact other companies, then what they are reporting is sufficient. However if we are to expect more information from companies than perhaps what BP has produce should be seen as the bare minimum.Shell+They do mention their own use of emerging technologies, however not in the same detail as BP. It was more their production of 3rd and 4th generation biofuel than any of their other projects which on further investigation are definitely being developed×I found Shell’s report in general extremely difficult to decipher as a lay person. Unlike BP there did not seem to be the same attempt to make people really aware of what they were investing in and how technology was going to be put to use. I had to really  search through the report to find anything on emerging technologies at all.×Although Shell discussed safety and the environment, it was more as a company as a whole. Their sustainability report focused more closely on how they were seeking to better their own environmental output××I felt that Shell were quite poor at clearly bringing forward any information on their use of emerging technology. Reading this directly after BP’s report I thought it was amazing the level at which the two companies differ in what they report. All in all I felt much more information could have been provided.<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have made an effort to engage with their customers, ngo’s and stakeholders?Is the level of information provided on emerging technology sufficient?BASFDiscuss in depth their use of emerging technologies. In particular their ‘growth clusters,’ that are designed to address ‘key areas such as markets for the future and mega trends.’The five growth clusters are: bio technology, white biotechnology, changing raw materials, energy management and nano technology.4/5The report was relatively reader friendly. The information is brought forward effectively and in the kind of detail that is both easy to read and interesting3/5They discuss in both their annual reports and their sustainability reports the importance of using emerging technologies responsibly‘Our Code of  Conduct Nanotechnology.’ This is their own way of monitoring the use of nanotechnology within their company.NanoCare project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education is using research institutes and universities to discover uses and potential difficulties with the development of nanotechnology4/5Dialogue Forum Nano is their own way to hear and discuss the concerns of consumer organizations. An example of BASF trying to engage with their stakeholders and Ngo’s.4/5The level of information provided is impressive but is still lacking in some areas.Compared to DuPont there is more discussion into what Is being achieved at the moment rather than the future.3/5<br />DuPontDuPont’s report brings forward in some detail the technologies they intend to develop over the next five years and how they intend to maintain their environmental and social safetyThey mention the controversial area of manipulating plant genetics in a hope to create ‘food for the world.’Example of this is Pionneer ® brand low lindenic soybeans.Research into the use of soy proteins in food and beverages.They also discuss their use of nanotechnology. This is being used in the development of communications.Partnership with BP in the development of next generation Biofuels.They claim to be developing environmentally acceptable herbicides that work by inhibiting a key enzyme weeds need to grow. Leave little residue and degrade quickly in plants.4/5DuPont take a different approach to other companies as their sustainability report is more a list of goals for the next five years.They do not have a sustainability report for the current moment in time but there list of goals (‘2015 Sustainability Goals’)It is only eight pages long but despite its conciseness, it addresses where they feel they are effecting the environment and how they intend to address this. It effectively does in eight pages what some reports take many pages to discuss.2/5Partnership with Environmental Defence to develop a framework for responsible development, production, use and disposal of nano-scale materials critical to next generation communication devices.DuPont Safety Resources is a world renowned consultancy company.2/51/5Despite showing in some detail what DuPont are hoping to have developed by 2015 there is only real discussion on how they hope to develop new technology, not the effects it may have on the environment.This is particularly important with their discussion on the development of certain herbicides and the manipulation of plant genetics.However what they do report is substantial in that they discuss in detail the development of innovative emerging technologies. 3/5<br />CompanyDo They Mention Their Own Use of Emerging TechnologyIs Their Report Particularly Reader Friendly?Do They Mention Contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do They Discuss how they have attempted to engage with their customers, ngo’s and other stake holders?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Marks & SpencerMarks & Spencer’s 2010 ‘How We Do Business’ report is a concise, well structured report highlighting their commitments to the environment. However, there is very little mentioned on the use of emerging technology or the potential harm that using this technology could have on the environment if used in agriculture.All that is mentioned is their aim to make all their food pesticide free by 2012 and there commitment not to use GM products.2/5Their ‘How We Do Business’ report is very reader friendly. They state clearly what it is they aim to address in their opening section.2/5The report focuses strongly on the environment and how they aim to reduce their own carbon footprint and benefit the environment in other ways.There is, however, no mention of how they intend to lower the potential environmental cost of using emerging technologies, particularly nanofood.This goes hand in hand with safety for customers as regulations surrounding the use of nanofood are limited,the potentials consumer dangers are not addressed. 1/51/5Compared Tesco’s, Marks & Spencer’s annual report and sustainability report are lacking in some key details.Their use of nanofood is not addressed in the report, although it is one of the more controversial areas of the food industry at the moment.The report is missing some key details however, compared to Tesco’s it reads in a very similar way and addresses mostly the same things showing that despite missing out information on their use of emerging technologies, there is a trend as other food companies are also missing out this information in their reports2/5<br />CompanyDo They Mention Their Own Use of Emerging TechnologyIs Their Report Particularly Reader Friendly?Do They Mention Contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do They Discuss how they have attempted to engage with their customers, ngo’s and other stake holders?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?TescoTesco’s sustainability report is extremely similar to Marks & Spencer’s as it is a similar length and it highlights the same issues. In particular environmental issues and how Tesco as a company hope to address these issues.The only key area of difference in the reports is Tesco’s use of Biofuel in their petrol stations. An area Marks & Spencer do not have market. Like Marks & Spencer they do mention their strict policy on the use of GM crops in their own products in the UK. However they do state that in some of their non-own brand products GM foods may be used. They also state that due to the mass usage of GM crops in the US, they have no choice but to use GM products in their own brand foods.2/5Like Marks & Spencer they address the key areas in their opening section. They focus strongly on the environment and how they are trying to cut down their Carbon footprint.The reader has to search really hard to find any information at all relating to emerging technologies which is the negative aspect of this report.2/5This is again extremely similar to what is being reported by Marks & Spencer in terms of how they are trying to cut down on their own environmental impact.However, while they discuss their strict no GM  food policy, they openly state that they use it in some products in the US. They fail to expand on how much and what effect this has on local environments.There is also the potential issue of the  non own brand products they sell using GM products. There is no discussion on how many products or the effects these products may have had.No discussion on Nanofoods which, like M&S is certainly required2/5Like other companies, the only reporting of any engagement with customers, stakeholders and Ngo’s is when they are discussing their carbon footprint and how they intend to lower it for the good of the environment. There is no mention of emerging technology within this however.In terms of emerging technology, the amount of information supplied is not really sufficient.Tesco are good at addressing their own environmental impacts and how they aim to lower them but at the same time do not discuss how the use of emerging technologies such as GM crops and nanofoods are being used and the effects this potentially could have on the environment.2/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technologies?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety and the environment in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of emerging technologies?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Proctor and GambleIn terms of their products, there is some mention of their use of emerging technologies as a way to aid the environment.This can be seen through their operations and through their products.In particular in the product Ariel non-bio. Catalytic detergency designed from scratch by P&G.They also discuss briefly eco-designed buildings aimed at lower emissions.1/5I found the report to be relatively reader friendly considering it is only 18 pages long, for what it was attempting to report.If the reader is looking for anything on emerging technologies however, then the report is missing some detail so it is extremely difficult to really find any evidence of them using it.1/5A lot of what they claim to be developing is designed towards environmental aspects. The example being their development of Ariel non-bio which allows washing at lower temperatures.This is the only real mention of emerging technologies in reference to environment1/5They discuss the importance of the stakeholders and customers opinions when it comes to their products.What is clear however is that what the stakeholders and customers are most concerned about is that which is the most publicised. The environment. Therefore any development they make from customer views is based around what the customer is aware of.1/5I do not believe that the level of information here is particularly sufficient.Any information on emerging technologies which is brought forward is extremely lacking in any detail, and is almost put in the report consequently rather than deliberately.There is a lack of information relating to what they are researching, investing and using in terms of emerging technologies.1/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technologies?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety and the environment in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of emerging technologies?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?UnileverTo aid malnutrition Unilever have used food fortification methods to add needed nutrients to products they sell in areas where mal nutrition is high.New packaging has been developed of 100%  environmentally friendly materials.Pyrolysis is being used in developing countries. This is using sachet waste in fuel. By doing this it recovers 60% of the embedded energy.2/5The report was quite reader friendly. Everything it sets out to address it does in a relatively good level of detail.What was a problem, like Proctor and Gamble, was the lack of actual evidence displaying their use of emerging technology.1/5The only contentious issue they discuss is how they intend to research their effect on biodiversity.1/5They only really discuss their engagement with ngo’s and customers in terms of the environmental issues like deforestation.Tesco and Unilever are part of an intiative to create an industry wide set of sustainable packaging principles as part of the consumer goods forum.Like Proctor and Gamble it is clear that what they are discussing is as a result of what is being most publicised.3/5The level of information produced by Unilever is not particularly sufficient.Like Proctor and Gamble there is not really a section dedicated to emerging technologies, rather if any is mentioned it is mixed in with other information on environmental issues.2/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is the report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?L’OrealL’Oreal provide substantial information concerning their own use of emerging  technology however there was no up to date sustainability report so all information has been taken from their 2008 report.Pg17 of their report brings forward their on going research into reconstructed skin, with their high technology department in Japan and their two laboratories in France focused on ecotoxicity.They use bio plastics (plastics derived from renewable sources) in their packaging and are funding the bio plastics chair in the Ecole des Mines in Paris for the next 5 years.Pg 41: Research and Development. Bringing together of cellular and molecular biology including gene map science through non-invasive technology.Research using stem cells: removing stem cell of the epidermis to test the effect of sun and time on skin.Nanotechnology: Mention their use of nanotechnology.Titanium Dioxide Nanopigments used in their sun creams.Green Chemistry-use of more natural resources in the making of cosmeticsStrict policy on the use of GM ingredients. Non used in their products5/5L’Oreal’s report is extremely reader friendly. It brings forward precisely the right amount of information concerning their use of emerging technologies without confusing the reader with to much scientific information.Their section on Research and Development highlights clearly how they are developing and using nanotechnology. With this also it becomes clear what safety measures have been put in place and how they have pre-empted any potential safety concerns to the environment through strict safety codes3/5With their use of nanotechnology they stress how they intend to maintain safety when using them.They are a founding member of the ‘Internal Council on Nanotechnology’ (ICON), as well as the ‘European NanoInteract Programme’ (OCED recognised) Being part of these organisations and the research they have collected on nanotechnology has meant they have safely been able to test nanomaterials in conditions similar to the natural environment. Other contentious issues surround the ingredients that go into some of their products. In particular the more volatile gases in aerosols. On top of this there is also there commitment to the protection of aquatic ecosystems through their safety measures. They accept that the chemicals they use could potentially affect the biodiversity of these ecosystems.4/5They state in their report that they have an open dialogue with their stakeholders and their customers.They claim to be training  suppliers in terms of reconstructed tissues with their six stage safety plan.Working group for the last three years that openly discuss potential toxicological risks.In terms of nanotechnology l’oreal directed more than 70 missions to inform public authorities world wide of their us of nanotechnologies in their cosmetics.They are also a committed partner alongside ISO and AFNOR, dedicated to drafting international norms and standards for what actually is nano-products in different industrial sectors.3/5The level of information supplied by L’Oreal on their use of emerging technology is more than sufficient.If we are to compare what they report to other companies it becomes clear that L’Oreal have invested more time and effort into addressing their own use of emerging technology and the potential concerns that people may have on the use of it.It is important to recognise however,  that as an industry, cosmetics are more likely to use bio-chemistry and nanotechnology in their products so in some ways it is not surprising that the information L’Oreal provide far surpasses anything presented by the other companies.If we are to set a benchmark by which all companies should be reporting their uses of emerging technology and the potential consequences of using this technology, then L’Oreal would certainly be it.5/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is the report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?BootsJune 2008-got grant from ‘The Technology Strategy Board’ to develop processes that could enable algae to be grown utilising co2 emissions from the energy centre in Nottingham-algae used as an alternative starting point for petro-chemicals sources of ingredients that are currently used in their productsEco-vans for distribution using stop/start technology.Little else is mentioned in terms of Emerging Technology in their report.1/51/5Boots discuss their own impact on the environment and how they intend they have been implementing measures to lower things such as their carbon footprintHowever they do not mention how their use of emerging technology and their use of chemicals in their cosmetics could affect the environment.1/5There was very little information on their engagement with any ngo’sor customers relating to emerging technology.Like most reports though, there was some discussion relating to their relationship with some ngo’s and customers relating to their products and their carbon footprint.1/5There is a massive difference between Boots report and L’Oreal’s.  Simply, there is just not the same level of detail from Boots than there is from L’Oreal.Boots may not be in the exact same industry as L’Oreal but nevertheless they sell their own cosmetics as well as medicines and food.With this in mind it is perhaps fair to suggest that s their use of emerging technology covers more areas than just cosmetics’, they should be reporting their use of emerging technology for at least one of the area’s.2/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of Emerging Technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Nestlemicronutrients…to help mal-nutrition….products enriched with things such as iodine are being distributed in areas that need it.Packaging-bioplastics. Strategic partner of the Ecole de Mines in ParisThere is a large section focused closely on their investment into renewable energy. This includes initiatives such as their landfill gas project in Solon, Ohio, USA. Methane gas is collected and used as an energy sourceThis is an example of the type of project Nestle are investing into.2/5The report they have is a ‘Creating Shared Value Report.’The report is relatively reader friendly and has clearly been designed to be easily read by anyone.However, this simple format often means that Nestle do not go into enough description on the initiatives they are investing into. This can be construed as sparing the reader the real knitty gritty aspects of their operations. However, this often means  they state that they have done something but not described how.2/5Nestle are extremely focused on addressing how they intend to lower their current environmental impact.There is very little mention on how their use of emerging technology could potentially affect the environment or cause safety hazards.This is perhaps due to the fact most of their emerging technology is focused on being renewable and sustainable.2/5Any information focused on engaging with customers is focused strongly on discovering what products people want from Nestle, rather than what their potential concerns with the developing of these products.This is perhaps due to the format of the report as it is far more socially based than any of the other companies’ reports.2/5Their ‘Creating Shared Value Report,’ is perhaps different to a regular sustainability report in that it does not address the same aspects that other companies do in their sustainability reports.It is more focused  on their core values as a company which they state as ‘water, nutrition and rural development.’Their Research and development department is focused more closely on how to create more sustainable crops in areas such as Africa through stricter policy rather than any real use of emerging tech.The example they give being their new R&D facility in Abidjan in the Cote D’Ivoire which is focused on the quality of locally sourced products such as cocoa and coffee and  then adapting these products to West African Tastes.There is no doubt that Nestle, like other food companies, are using emerging technology such as nanofoods, but they are not reporting it. The title of this report perhaps does not necessitate this, but this suggests a further question, if not in this report, then where are they going to report their uses of emerging technology?3/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of Emerging Technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Premier FoodsDue to the shortness of this report, there was no real discussion about their use of emerging technology. What was discussed briefly was their effect on the environment and how they hoped to cut down their carbon footprint.1/5Premier foods did not have a sustainability report, so all the information had to be supplied by their 2009 Annual Report.The section focused on corporate social responsibility was only four pages long and was slightly limited.It was reader friendly but lacking in detail.1/5From their report, it appeared that there was no mention of the environmental impact of any of their emerging technology.1/5There is some discussion of their engagement with ngo’s and customers but only in terms of what they are doing involving the environment.1/5Due to Premier Foods not having a social responsibility report, what was available was limited. Their annual report touches on the environment but does not go into a lot of detail.1/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of Emerging Technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?GSKThey mention their use of Stem Cell research: In 2008 they signed a five year collaboration with Harvard University including $25 million investment into research at Harvard and other surrounding hospitals. The research is focused on neuroscience, cancer, heart disease and liver disease.They also mention their use of cloning technologies.This technology to replicate cells and molecules for research.There are also investing heavily in genetic research.They are also  using transgenic animals.4/5GSK’s report is extremely detailed and they have a section entitled emerging technology.As the emerging technology they are investing in is quite controversial they have reported there uses in detail but have also maintained an appropriate level of simplicity when describing emerging technology when other companies have not.4/5They are a founding member of ‘Stem Cells for Safer Medicine.’ Investment for this is coming from the Department of Health, Department for Innovation, The Scottish government, the Medical Research CouncilThey also discuss their position on their use of cloning. They state that it is not being used for cloning animals or an entire human.With their genetic research they state clearly that they understand the concerns of using such technology. They aim to clam these worries by being completely transparent in all they do and all of their scientific research involving genetics.They discuss their use of animals in their research and claim they are trying to cut down their use of them by replacing existing research programmes involving animals with non animal alternatives.3/5Their R&D department prioritises research into new medicines based on their socio-economic and public health benefits rather than on commercial returns.Their R&D department invests heavily in creating medicines for the developing world.With this in mind, they communicate with ngo’s and other stakeholders by: a)Establishing an open lab focused on neglected tropical diseases. b)Launch of new collaborations to further share intellectual properties to accelerate the development of new medicines for neglected tropical diseases.They also state that their engagement with investors also covers ethical issues surrounding their clinical trials and their use of controversial emerging technology such as stem cells.4/5Their use of emerging technology is well documented in their Corporate Social Responsibility report.Not only do they report a lot of information on what emerging technology they are using, they also report where the technology is being directed towards and the social and environmental implications of using such technology.The social and environmental implications of emerging technologies is something that most companies do not report on so they are unique.Compared to AstraZeneca there is a clear difference in the level of detail into what they are investing into in terms of Emerging Technology. What they report, compared to other companies is sufficient. It is relatively extensive and they supply a large level of information which is condensed effectively. 4/5AZStem cell research-potential of stem cells to differentiate into human cells such as hepatocytes (liver cells) and cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells)Possibility of treating diseases by modulation of stem cells within target organs – regenerative medicine. Crestor Jupiter and Brilinta Plato trials-landmark clinical trialsWith their investment in emerging markets such as Asia and brazil they focus more on what is needed rather than creating anything new. ‘Meeting Patient needs lies at the heart of what we do.’ Example-H1N1 influenze…swine flu vaccine.’3/5It becomes clear when reading AstraZeneca’s report that their research is based on demand rather than potential innovation. They are not simply researching something, unless there is a world wide demand for it. The example is stem cells…with the unlimited possibilities of stem cell research, they are looking into regenerative medicine based around the heart, liver and other areas such as diabetes.2/5Presence of trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in the environment Trials on animals-they are used but only when non-animal trials are unavailable.3/5Unlike GSK, AstraZeneca did not bring forward the same level of information regarding their engagement outside the company.The only case where they seemed to want to do this was when they were discussing how they had engaged with the medical needs of the customer.2/5AstraZeneca’s report is very detailed and has a lot of information. What is perhaps the main problem however is that they are too complex with some of their descriptions of their products.They do have a lot of information and compared to many of the other companies and considering the environment in which they function, there is not a massive amount to report on as what they are developing is focused so directly on set areas. 3/5<br />Conclusion<br />What companies are disclosing: For the most part each company registers at least one mention of an emerging technology relevant to the organisation. However, in many cases the emerging technology discussed is not necessarily identified as an emerging technology, rather it is being discussed in passing, or as a comment about something different. There are some cases however where a company has divulged large amounts of information into what they are investing in.  This may describe what they hope, through research and development, to achieve with emerging technologies. The best examples of this can be seen with BP and BASF as they both discuss in detail their ventures, the emerging technology market, and also how the use of this technology is being monitored in order to address problems both socially and environmentally. These are the best example of what should, arguably, be being presented by companies.<br />What companies are failing to disclose: With many companies it was clear that they did not think or see the need to disclose their use of emerging technology. Most notable were the food companies. Marks & Spencer, Tesco, and Nestle all failed to address their regular use of nanotechnology in their regular products. Although mentioning their strict policy against the use of GM foods, they do not go into any other detail other than merely mentioning it. They are not alone however as despite some companies mentioning emerging technology, this is as far as they go. An example of this is DuPont,  they mention in some detail what they are developing; yet fail to really discuss what effects this technology could have on the environment. <br />What should be seen as good practice?  The reports reviewed varied considerably in detail. The one which really stands out was L’Oreal’s 2008 Social Corporate Sustainability report. Other reports did not really bring forward the same level of information and report in a way which was both reader friendly and also at an acceptable level of complexity. On the other end of the scale there are the reports published by Boots and Proctor & Gamble. These sustainability reports mentioned little or nothing with regards to emerging technology. There may be the case that due to their industry, there is not the same need to present, for general readership, the same amount of information as the use does not have the same potential environmental and social  implications. This raises the further  question, what should really be considered good practice between differing industries? For example,  if Tesco’s report is lacking information, can it really be compared to the likes of L’Oreal where Nano technology appears to be a larger part of their product composition?<br />SOURCES<br />M&S: How we do business CSR 2010.... http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/documents/publications/2010/How_We_Do_Business_Report_2010<br />Tesco: Tesco CSR Report 2009... http://www.investis.com/plc/storage/tesco_cr_09.pdf<br />Basf: Basf annual integrated report 2009... http://bericht.basf.com/2009/en/servicepages/downloads/files/BASF_Report_2009.pdf?cat=b<br />Proctor&Gamble: 2008 sustainability report... http://www.pg.com/en_US/downloads/sustainability/reports/PG_2009_Sustainability_Overview.pdf<br />Nestle:2009 csv report... http://www2.nestle.com/Common/NestleDocuments/Documents/Reports/CSV%20reports/Global%20report%202009/Global_report_2009_GB.pdf<br />L’oreal: 2009 sustainable development report... http://www.sustainabledevelopment.loreal.com/<br />Dupont: 2015 sustainability goals... http://www2.dupont.com/Sustainability/en_US/assets/downloads/FINAL_BROCHURE_9.28.06.pdf<br />Boots: 2009 csr report... http://www.allianceboots.com/CorporateSocialResponsibilityReport2008-09/index.html<br />Premier Foods: 2009 annual report... http://annualreport2009.premierfoods.co.uk/Doc/pdf/Annual_Report_2009.pdf<br />BP: 2009 Sustainability review... http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/e_s_assets/e_s_assets_2009/downloads_pdfs/bp_sustainability_review_2009.pdf<br />Shell: Sustainability report 2009... http://sustainabilityreport.shell.com/2009/servicepages/downloads/files/all_shell_sr09.pdf<br />GSK: CR REPORT 2009... http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps09/GSK-Report-2009-full.pdf<br />AZ: annual report 2009... http://www.astrazeneca-annualreports.com/2008/downloads/AZ_AR08_Full.pdf<br />Unilever: Unilever annual report 2009... http://annualreport09.unilever.com/<br />
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation
Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation

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Disclosure of the use of Emerging Technology, from a cross section of companies, in publicly available documentation

  • 1.
  • 2. Food Retail – Tesco and Marks & Spencer
  • 3. Chemical - Du Pont and BASF
  • 4. Pharmaceutical – AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline
  • 5. Cosmetics – Boots and L’Oreal
  • 6. Food – Nestle and Premier Foods
  • 7.
  • 8. 2/5 some mention of emerging technology but it is not necessarily shown clearly.
  • 9. 3/5 mention of emerging technology but perhaps in an extremely simplistic manner.
  • 10. 4/5 a good level of emerging technology talked about
  • 11. 5/5 all criteria met and expansive level of information provided. Not overly simplistic but written with enough conviction that the reader can understand entirely what emerging technology is being used.This information gathered is then used to compare between companies of a similar industry and the overall set of companies in the research.<br />This is summarised in the charts and tables that follow. The different groupings are colour coded to facilitate the comparison.<br />Do They Discuss How They've Made Effort to Engage With Customers, Ngo's and other stakeholders?<br />Is The Level of Information Providedon Emerging Technology sufficient?<br />CompanyDo they Directly Do they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is what they are reporting particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have made an effort to engage with their customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders?Is the level of information provided on emerging technology sufficient?BP+There is a section on ‘r&t’ followed by a detailed section on their ’10 flagship technology programmes.’ +I found that compared to other reports, that BP’s reporting of emerging technology was extremely reader friendly. As a lay person I was quickly able to gather what BP were investing in and how the technology was beneficial.×Despite mentioning the benefits of this technology, there was little on the really contentious issues concerning some emerging technologies. I did feel that the level in which they appear to be researching into these technologies however does suggest that they are at least making an attempt to understand the potential contentious issues.++If compared to Shell, and in fact other companies, then what they are reporting is sufficient. However if we are to expect more information from companies than perhaps what BP has produce should be seen as the bare minimum.Shell+They do mention their own use of emerging technologies, however not in the same detail as BP. It was more their production of 3rd and 4th generation biofuel than any of their other projects which on further investigation are definitely being developed×I found Shell’s report in general extremely difficult to decipher as a lay person. Unlike BP there did not seem to be the same attempt to make people really aware of what they were investing in and how technology was going to be put to use. I had to really search through the report to find anything on emerging technologies at all.×Although Shell discussed safety and the environment, it was more as a company as a whole. Their sustainability report focused more closely on how they were seeking to better their own environmental output××I felt that Shell were quite poor at clearly bringing forward any information on their use of emerging technology. Reading this directly after BP’s report I thought it was amazing the level at which the two companies differ in what they report. All in all I felt much more information could have been provided.<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have made an effort to engage with their customers, ngo’s and stakeholders?Is the level of information provided on emerging technology sufficient?BASFDiscuss in depth their use of emerging technologies. In particular their ‘growth clusters,’ that are designed to address ‘key areas such as markets for the future and mega trends.’The five growth clusters are: bio technology, white biotechnology, changing raw materials, energy management and nano technology.4/5The report was relatively reader friendly. The information is brought forward effectively and in the kind of detail that is both easy to read and interesting3/5They discuss in both their annual reports and their sustainability reports the importance of using emerging technologies responsibly‘Our Code of Conduct Nanotechnology.’ This is their own way of monitoring the use of nanotechnology within their company.NanoCare project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education is using research institutes and universities to discover uses and potential difficulties with the development of nanotechnology4/5Dialogue Forum Nano is their own way to hear and discuss the concerns of consumer organizations. An example of BASF trying to engage with their stakeholders and Ngo’s.4/5The level of information provided is impressive but is still lacking in some areas.Compared to DuPont there is more discussion into what Is being achieved at the moment rather than the future.3/5<br />DuPontDuPont’s report brings forward in some detail the technologies they intend to develop over the next five years and how they intend to maintain their environmental and social safetyThey mention the controversial area of manipulating plant genetics in a hope to create ‘food for the world.’Example of this is Pionneer ® brand low lindenic soybeans.Research into the use of soy proteins in food and beverages.They also discuss their use of nanotechnology. This is being used in the development of communications.Partnership with BP in the development of next generation Biofuels.They claim to be developing environmentally acceptable herbicides that work by inhibiting a key enzyme weeds need to grow. Leave little residue and degrade quickly in plants.4/5DuPont take a different approach to other companies as their sustainability report is more a list of goals for the next five years.They do not have a sustainability report for the current moment in time but there list of goals (‘2015 Sustainability Goals’)It is only eight pages long but despite its conciseness, it addresses where they feel they are effecting the environment and how they intend to address this. It effectively does in eight pages what some reports take many pages to discuss.2/5Partnership with Environmental Defence to develop a framework for responsible development, production, use and disposal of nano-scale materials critical to next generation communication devices.DuPont Safety Resources is a world renowned consultancy company.2/51/5Despite showing in some detail what DuPont are hoping to have developed by 2015 there is only real discussion on how they hope to develop new technology, not the effects it may have on the environment.This is particularly important with their discussion on the development of certain herbicides and the manipulation of plant genetics.However what they do report is substantial in that they discuss in detail the development of innovative emerging technologies. 3/5<br />CompanyDo They Mention Their Own Use of Emerging TechnologyIs Their Report Particularly Reader Friendly?Do They Mention Contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do They Discuss how they have attempted to engage with their customers, ngo’s and other stake holders?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Marks & SpencerMarks & Spencer’s 2010 ‘How We Do Business’ report is a concise, well structured report highlighting their commitments to the environment. However, there is very little mentioned on the use of emerging technology or the potential harm that using this technology could have on the environment if used in agriculture.All that is mentioned is their aim to make all their food pesticide free by 2012 and there commitment not to use GM products.2/5Their ‘How We Do Business’ report is very reader friendly. They state clearly what it is they aim to address in their opening section.2/5The report focuses strongly on the environment and how they aim to reduce their own carbon footprint and benefit the environment in other ways.There is, however, no mention of how they intend to lower the potential environmental cost of using emerging technologies, particularly nanofood.This goes hand in hand with safety for customers as regulations surrounding the use of nanofood are limited,the potentials consumer dangers are not addressed. 1/51/5Compared Tesco’s, Marks & Spencer’s annual report and sustainability report are lacking in some key details.Their use of nanofood is not addressed in the report, although it is one of the more controversial areas of the food industry at the moment.The report is missing some key details however, compared to Tesco’s it reads in a very similar way and addresses mostly the same things showing that despite missing out information on their use of emerging technologies, there is a trend as other food companies are also missing out this information in their reports2/5<br />CompanyDo They Mention Their Own Use of Emerging TechnologyIs Their Report Particularly Reader Friendly?Do They Mention Contentious issues concerning safety, the environment in terms of their emerging technology?Do They Discuss how they have attempted to engage with their customers, ngo’s and other stake holders?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?TescoTesco’s sustainability report is extremely similar to Marks & Spencer’s as it is a similar length and it highlights the same issues. In particular environmental issues and how Tesco as a company hope to address these issues.The only key area of difference in the reports is Tesco’s use of Biofuel in their petrol stations. An area Marks & Spencer do not have market. Like Marks & Spencer they do mention their strict policy on the use of GM crops in their own products in the UK. However they do state that in some of their non-own brand products GM foods may be used. They also state that due to the mass usage of GM crops in the US, they have no choice but to use GM products in their own brand foods.2/5Like Marks & Spencer they address the key areas in their opening section. They focus strongly on the environment and how they are trying to cut down their Carbon footprint.The reader has to search really hard to find any information at all relating to emerging technologies which is the negative aspect of this report.2/5This is again extremely similar to what is being reported by Marks & Spencer in terms of how they are trying to cut down on their own environmental impact.However, while they discuss their strict no GM food policy, they openly state that they use it in some products in the US. They fail to expand on how much and what effect this has on local environments.There is also the potential issue of the non own brand products they sell using GM products. There is no discussion on how many products or the effects these products may have had.No discussion on Nanofoods which, like M&S is certainly required2/5Like other companies, the only reporting of any engagement with customers, stakeholders and Ngo’s is when they are discussing their carbon footprint and how they intend to lower it for the good of the environment. There is no mention of emerging technology within this however.In terms of emerging technology, the amount of information supplied is not really sufficient.Tesco are good at addressing their own environmental impacts and how they aim to lower them but at the same time do not discuss how the use of emerging technologies such as GM crops and nanofoods are being used and the effects this potentially could have on the environment.2/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technologies?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety and the environment in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of emerging technologies?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Proctor and GambleIn terms of their products, there is some mention of their use of emerging technologies as a way to aid the environment.This can be seen through their operations and through their products.In particular in the product Ariel non-bio. Catalytic detergency designed from scratch by P&G.They also discuss briefly eco-designed buildings aimed at lower emissions.1/5I found the report to be relatively reader friendly considering it is only 18 pages long, for what it was attempting to report.If the reader is looking for anything on emerging technologies however, then the report is missing some detail so it is extremely difficult to really find any evidence of them using it.1/5A lot of what they claim to be developing is designed towards environmental aspects. The example being their development of Ariel non-bio which allows washing at lower temperatures.This is the only real mention of emerging technologies in reference to environment1/5They discuss the importance of the stakeholders and customers opinions when it comes to their products.What is clear however is that what the stakeholders and customers are most concerned about is that which is the most publicised. The environment. Therefore any development they make from customer views is based around what the customer is aware of.1/5I do not believe that the level of information here is particularly sufficient.Any information on emerging technologies which is brought forward is extremely lacking in any detail, and is almost put in the report consequently rather than deliberately.There is a lack of information relating to what they are researching, investing and using in terms of emerging technologies.1/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technologies?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention contentious issues concerning safety and the environment in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of emerging technologies?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?UnileverTo aid malnutrition Unilever have used food fortification methods to add needed nutrients to products they sell in areas where mal nutrition is high.New packaging has been developed of 100% environmentally friendly materials.Pyrolysis is being used in developing countries. This is using sachet waste in fuel. By doing this it recovers 60% of the embedded energy.2/5The report was quite reader friendly. Everything it sets out to address it does in a relatively good level of detail.What was a problem, like Proctor and Gamble, was the lack of actual evidence displaying their use of emerging technology.1/5The only contentious issue they discuss is how they intend to research their effect on biodiversity.1/5They only really discuss their engagement with ngo’s and customers in terms of the environmental issues like deforestation.Tesco and Unilever are part of an intiative to create an industry wide set of sustainable packaging principles as part of the consumer goods forum.Like Proctor and Gamble it is clear that what they are discussing is as a result of what is being most publicised.3/5The level of information produced by Unilever is not particularly sufficient.Like Proctor and Gamble there is not really a section dedicated to emerging technologies, rather if any is mentioned it is mixed in with other information on environmental issues.2/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is the report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?L’OrealL’Oreal provide substantial information concerning their own use of emerging technology however there was no up to date sustainability report so all information has been taken from their 2008 report.Pg17 of their report brings forward their on going research into reconstructed skin, with their high technology department in Japan and their two laboratories in France focused on ecotoxicity.They use bio plastics (plastics derived from renewable sources) in their packaging and are funding the bio plastics chair in the Ecole des Mines in Paris for the next 5 years.Pg 41: Research and Development. Bringing together of cellular and molecular biology including gene map science through non-invasive technology.Research using stem cells: removing stem cell of the epidermis to test the effect of sun and time on skin.Nanotechnology: Mention their use of nanotechnology.Titanium Dioxide Nanopigments used in their sun creams.Green Chemistry-use of more natural resources in the making of cosmeticsStrict policy on the use of GM ingredients. Non used in their products5/5L’Oreal’s report is extremely reader friendly. It brings forward precisely the right amount of information concerning their use of emerging technologies without confusing the reader with to much scientific information.Their section on Research and Development highlights clearly how they are developing and using nanotechnology. With this also it becomes clear what safety measures have been put in place and how they have pre-empted any potential safety concerns to the environment through strict safety codes3/5With their use of nanotechnology they stress how they intend to maintain safety when using them.They are a founding member of the ‘Internal Council on Nanotechnology’ (ICON), as well as the ‘European NanoInteract Programme’ (OCED recognised) Being part of these organisations and the research they have collected on nanotechnology has meant they have safely been able to test nanomaterials in conditions similar to the natural environment. Other contentious issues surround the ingredients that go into some of their products. In particular the more volatile gases in aerosols. On top of this there is also there commitment to the protection of aquatic ecosystems through their safety measures. They accept that the chemicals they use could potentially affect the biodiversity of these ecosystems.4/5They state in their report that they have an open dialogue with their stakeholders and their customers.They claim to be training suppliers in terms of reconstructed tissues with their six stage safety plan.Working group for the last three years that openly discuss potential toxicological risks.In terms of nanotechnology l’oreal directed more than 70 missions to inform public authorities world wide of their us of nanotechnologies in their cosmetics.They are also a committed partner alongside ISO and AFNOR, dedicated to drafting international norms and standards for what actually is nano-products in different industrial sectors.3/5The level of information supplied by L’Oreal on their use of emerging technology is more than sufficient.If we are to compare what they report to other companies it becomes clear that L’Oreal have invested more time and effort into addressing their own use of emerging technology and the potential concerns that people may have on the use of it.It is important to recognise however, that as an industry, cosmetics are more likely to use bio-chemistry and nanotechnology in their products so in some ways it is not surprising that the information L’Oreal provide far surpasses anything presented by the other companies.If we are to set a benchmark by which all companies should be reporting their uses of emerging technology and the potential consequences of using this technology, then L’Oreal would certainly be it.5/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of emerging technology?Is the report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?BootsJune 2008-got grant from ‘The Technology Strategy Board’ to develop processes that could enable algae to be grown utilising co2 emissions from the energy centre in Nottingham-algae used as an alternative starting point for petro-chemicals sources of ingredients that are currently used in their productsEco-vans for distribution using stop/start technology.Little else is mentioned in terms of Emerging Technology in their report.1/51/5Boots discuss their own impact on the environment and how they intend they have been implementing measures to lower things such as their carbon footprintHowever they do not mention how their use of emerging technology and their use of chemicals in their cosmetics could affect the environment.1/5There was very little information on their engagement with any ngo’sor customers relating to emerging technology.Like most reports though, there was some discussion relating to their relationship with some ngo’s and customers relating to their products and their carbon footprint.1/5There is a massive difference between Boots report and L’Oreal’s. Simply, there is just not the same level of detail from Boots than there is from L’Oreal.Boots may not be in the exact same industry as L’Oreal but nevertheless they sell their own cosmetics as well as medicines and food.With this in mind it is perhaps fair to suggest that s their use of emerging technology covers more areas than just cosmetics’, they should be reporting their use of emerging technology for at least one of the area’s.2/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of Emerging Technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Nestlemicronutrients…to help mal-nutrition….products enriched with things such as iodine are being distributed in areas that need it.Packaging-bioplastics. Strategic partner of the Ecole de Mines in ParisThere is a large section focused closely on their investment into renewable energy. This includes initiatives such as their landfill gas project in Solon, Ohio, USA. Methane gas is collected and used as an energy sourceThis is an example of the type of project Nestle are investing into.2/5The report they have is a ‘Creating Shared Value Report.’The report is relatively reader friendly and has clearly been designed to be easily read by anyone.However, this simple format often means that Nestle do not go into enough description on the initiatives they are investing into. This can be construed as sparing the reader the real knitty gritty aspects of their operations. However, this often means they state that they have done something but not described how.2/5Nestle are extremely focused on addressing how they intend to lower their current environmental impact.There is very little mention on how their use of emerging technology could potentially affect the environment or cause safety hazards.This is perhaps due to the fact most of their emerging technology is focused on being renewable and sustainable.2/5Any information focused on engaging with customers is focused strongly on discovering what products people want from Nestle, rather than what their potential concerns with the developing of these products.This is perhaps due to the format of the report as it is far more socially based than any of the other companies’ reports.2/5Their ‘Creating Shared Value Report,’ is perhaps different to a regular sustainability report in that it does not address the same aspects that other companies do in their sustainability reports.It is more focused on their core values as a company which they state as ‘water, nutrition and rural development.’Their Research and development department is focused more closely on how to create more sustainable crops in areas such as Africa through stricter policy rather than any real use of emerging tech.The example they give being their new R&D facility in Abidjan in the Cote D’Ivoire which is focused on the quality of locally sourced products such as cocoa and coffee and then adapting these products to West African Tastes.There is no doubt that Nestle, like other food companies, are using emerging technology such as nanofoods, but they are not reporting it. The title of this report perhaps does not necessitate this, but this suggests a further question, if not in this report, then where are they going to report their uses of emerging technology?3/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of Emerging Technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?Premier FoodsDue to the shortness of this report, there was no real discussion about their use of emerging technology. What was discussed briefly was their effect on the environment and how they hoped to cut down their carbon footprint.1/5Premier foods did not have a sustainability report, so all the information had to be supplied by their 2009 Annual Report.The section focused on corporate social responsibility was only four pages long and was slightly limited.It was reader friendly but lacking in detail.1/5From their report, it appeared that there was no mention of the environmental impact of any of their emerging technology.1/5There is some discussion of their engagement with ngo’s and customers but only in terms of what they are doing involving the environment.1/5Due to Premier Foods not having a social responsibility report, what was available was limited. Their annual report touches on the environment but does not go into a lot of detail.1/5<br />CompanyDo they mention their own use of Emerging Technology?Is their report particularly reader friendly?Do they mention any contentious issues concerning the environment and safety in terms of their use of emerging technology?Do they discuss how they have attempted to engage with customers, ngo’s and other stakeholders in terms of their use of emerging technology?Is the level of information given on emerging technologies sufficient?GSKThey mention their use of Stem Cell research: In 2008 they signed a five year collaboration with Harvard University including $25 million investment into research at Harvard and other surrounding hospitals. The research is focused on neuroscience, cancer, heart disease and liver disease.They also mention their use of cloning technologies.This technology to replicate cells and molecules for research.There are also investing heavily in genetic research.They are also using transgenic animals.4/5GSK’s report is extremely detailed and they have a section entitled emerging technology.As the emerging technology they are investing in is quite controversial they have reported there uses in detail but have also maintained an appropriate level of simplicity when describing emerging technology when other companies have not.4/5They are a founding member of ‘Stem Cells for Safer Medicine.’ Investment for this is coming from the Department of Health, Department for Innovation, The Scottish government, the Medical Research CouncilThey also discuss their position on their use of cloning. They state that it is not being used for cloning animals or an entire human.With their genetic research they state clearly that they understand the concerns of using such technology. They aim to clam these worries by being completely transparent in all they do and all of their scientific research involving genetics.They discuss their use of animals in their research and claim they are trying to cut down their use of them by replacing existing research programmes involving animals with non animal alternatives.3/5Their R&D department prioritises research into new medicines based on their socio-economic and public health benefits rather than on commercial returns.Their R&D department invests heavily in creating medicines for the developing world.With this in mind, they communicate with ngo’s and other stakeholders by: a)Establishing an open lab focused on neglected tropical diseases. b)Launch of new collaborations to further share intellectual properties to accelerate the development of new medicines for neglected tropical diseases.They also state that their engagement with investors also covers ethical issues surrounding their clinical trials and their use of controversial emerging technology such as stem cells.4/5Their use of emerging technology is well documented in their Corporate Social Responsibility report.Not only do they report a lot of information on what emerging technology they are using, they also report where the technology is being directed towards and the social and environmental implications of using such technology.The social and environmental implications of emerging technologies is something that most companies do not report on so they are unique.Compared to AstraZeneca there is a clear difference in the level of detail into what they are investing into in terms of Emerging Technology. What they report, compared to other companies is sufficient. It is relatively extensive and they supply a large level of information which is condensed effectively. 4/5AZStem cell research-potential of stem cells to differentiate into human cells such as hepatocytes (liver cells) and cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells)Possibility of treating diseases by modulation of stem cells within target organs – regenerative medicine. Crestor Jupiter and Brilinta Plato trials-landmark clinical trialsWith their investment in emerging markets such as Asia and brazil they focus more on what is needed rather than creating anything new. ‘Meeting Patient needs lies at the heart of what we do.’ Example-H1N1 influenze…swine flu vaccine.’3/5It becomes clear when reading AstraZeneca’s report that their research is based on demand rather than potential innovation. They are not simply researching something, unless there is a world wide demand for it. The example is stem cells…with the unlimited possibilities of stem cell research, they are looking into regenerative medicine based around the heart, liver and other areas such as diabetes.2/5Presence of trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in the environment Trials on animals-they are used but only when non-animal trials are unavailable.3/5Unlike GSK, AstraZeneca did not bring forward the same level of information regarding their engagement outside the company.The only case where they seemed to want to do this was when they were discussing how they had engaged with the medical needs of the customer.2/5AstraZeneca’s report is very detailed and has a lot of information. What is perhaps the main problem however is that they are too complex with some of their descriptions of their products.They do have a lot of information and compared to many of the other companies and considering the environment in which they function, there is not a massive amount to report on as what they are developing is focused so directly on set areas. 3/5<br />Conclusion<br />What companies are disclosing: For the most part each company registers at least one mention of an emerging technology relevant to the organisation. However, in many cases the emerging technology discussed is not necessarily identified as an emerging technology, rather it is being discussed in passing, or as a comment about something different. There are some cases however where a company has divulged large amounts of information into what they are investing in. This may describe what they hope, through research and development, to achieve with emerging technologies. The best examples of this can be seen with BP and BASF as they both discuss in detail their ventures, the emerging technology market, and also how the use of this technology is being monitored in order to address problems both socially and environmentally. These are the best example of what should, arguably, be being presented by companies.<br />What companies are failing to disclose: With many companies it was clear that they did not think or see the need to disclose their use of emerging technology. Most notable were the food companies. Marks & Spencer, Tesco, and Nestle all failed to address their regular use of nanotechnology in their regular products. Although mentioning their strict policy against the use of GM foods, they do not go into any other detail other than merely mentioning it. They are not alone however as despite some companies mentioning emerging technology, this is as far as they go. An example of this is DuPont, they mention in some detail what they are developing; yet fail to really discuss what effects this technology could have on the environment. <br />What should be seen as good practice? The reports reviewed varied considerably in detail. The one which really stands out was L’Oreal’s 2008 Social Corporate Sustainability report. Other reports did not really bring forward the same level of information and report in a way which was both reader friendly and also at an acceptable level of complexity. On the other end of the scale there are the reports published by Boots and Proctor & Gamble. These sustainability reports mentioned little or nothing with regards to emerging technology. There may be the case that due to their industry, there is not the same need to present, for general readership, the same amount of information as the use does not have the same potential environmental and social implications. This raises the further question, what should really be considered good practice between differing industries? For example, if Tesco’s report is lacking information, can it really be compared to the likes of L’Oreal where Nano technology appears to be a larger part of their product composition?<br />SOURCES<br />M&S: How we do business CSR 2010.... http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/documents/publications/2010/How_We_Do_Business_Report_2010<br />Tesco: Tesco CSR Report 2009... http://www.investis.com/plc/storage/tesco_cr_09.pdf<br />Basf: Basf annual integrated report 2009... http://bericht.basf.com/2009/en/servicepages/downloads/files/BASF_Report_2009.pdf?cat=b<br />Proctor&Gamble: 2008 sustainability report... http://www.pg.com/en_US/downloads/sustainability/reports/PG_2009_Sustainability_Overview.pdf<br />Nestle:2009 csv report... http://www2.nestle.com/Common/NestleDocuments/Documents/Reports/CSV%20reports/Global%20report%202009/Global_report_2009_GB.pdf<br />L’oreal: 2009 sustainable development report... http://www.sustainabledevelopment.loreal.com/<br />Dupont: 2015 sustainability goals... http://www2.dupont.com/Sustainability/en_US/assets/downloads/FINAL_BROCHURE_9.28.06.pdf<br />Boots: 2009 csr report... http://www.allianceboots.com/CorporateSocialResponsibilityReport2008-09/index.html<br />Premier Foods: 2009 annual report... http://annualreport2009.premierfoods.co.uk/Doc/pdf/Annual_Report_2009.pdf<br />BP: 2009 Sustainability review... http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/e_s_assets/e_s_assets_2009/downloads_pdfs/bp_sustainability_review_2009.pdf<br />Shell: Sustainability report 2009... http://sustainabilityreport.shell.com/2009/servicepages/downloads/files/all_shell_sr09.pdf<br />GSK: CR REPORT 2009... http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps09/GSK-Report-2009-full.pdf<br />AZ: annual report 2009... http://www.astrazeneca-annualreports.com/2008/downloads/AZ_AR08_Full.pdf<br />Unilever: Unilever annual report 2009... http://annualreport09.unilever.com/<br />