Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final customers for their personal, nonbusiness use. A retailer is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing

2.  R e t a i l i n g includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services
directly to final customers for their personal, nonbusiness use. A retailer is
any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing.
Retailing

Types of retailing
Store Retailing
Non store Retailing
Franchise Retailing

3. Limitedservice
Level of service
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Self-service
Self-selection
Limited service
Full service

4. What is a Franchising System?

Characteristics of Franchises
 The franchisor owns a trade or service mark and licenses it to
franchisees in return for royalty payments.
 The franchisee pays for the right to be part of the system.
Start-up costs include rental and lease equipment and fixtures and
usually a regular license fee.
 The franchisor provides its franchisees with a system for
doing business.
 Franchise is a business in which an established business owner – known as the
‘franchisor’ – sells the rights to use their company name, trademarks and business model
to independent operators, called ‘franchisees’. This is usually in return for a one-off
franchise fee, plus an ongoing percentage of sales revenue and other fees.

5. Services & atmosphere
decision
Marketing Decisions
ProductAssortment & Procurement
Decision
Target- market decision
Price Decision
Promotion Decision Place Decision

6. • Growth of intertype competition
• New retail forms and combinations
• Growth of giant retailers
• Growing investment in technology
• Global presence of major retailers
• Selling an experience, not just goods
• Competition between store-based and
non-store- based retailing
Trends in Retailing

7. All the activities involved in selling goods or services to those who buy
for resale or business use.
• Excludes manufacturers, farmers & retailers.
• They are also called distributors.
• Pay less attention to atmosphere &location.
• Transactions are larger than in retailing.
Wholesaling


8. • Merchant wholesalers
• Full-service wholesalers
• Limited-service wholesalers
• Brokers & agents
• Manufacturers’ & retailers’ branches &
• Specialized Wholesalers
Types of Wholesalers

9. Wholesalers’ functions:

• Selling and promotion
• Buying and assortment building
• Bulk breaking
• Warehousing
• Transportation
• Financing
• Risk bearing
• Market Information
• Management service and counseling

10. Inventory system
Order processing Customer orderOrder transmission
Order
TransportationOrder Selection
Customer delivery
• Use of POS ( point of sale inventory management system) It’s a cross functional
system.
• Real time updating and RFID being used.
• Reliance Trans connect being the supplier.

11. Market Logistics
• Involves planning, implementing & controlling physical flows of materials & final
goods from points of origin to points of use
• Management of the supplies and transport required for an operation
• Physical Distribution starts at the factory. managers choose a set of warehouses
(stocking points) and transportation carriers that will deliver the goods to final
destinations in the desired time or at the lowest total cost.

12. • ILS include material management, material flow systems, and physical
distribution, aided by Information Technology (IT).
• Third Party suppliers, such as FedEx Logistics Services or Ryder Integrated
Logistics, often participate in designing or managing these systems.
Integrated Logistics Systems

13. • Many companies state their market-logistic objectives as “getting the right goods to the right
places at the right time for the least cost”
• No system can simultaneously maximize customer service andminimise distribution cost.
• Each possible market-logistics system will lead to the following cost:
M= T + FW + VW + S
where M= total market-logistics cost of proposed system T= total freight cost of
proposed system
FW= total fixed warehouse cost of proposed system VW= total valuable
warehouse cost of proposed system
S= total cost of lost sales
Market-Logistics Objectives

14. Orderprocessing: How should
ordersbe handled?
Warehousing: Where should stocks be
located?
Inventory: How much stock should be
held?
Transportation: How should goods be
shipped?
Market-Logistics Decisions
The firm must make four major decisions about its market
logistics