2. Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of
baabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not official
document of baabtra –Mentoring Partner
Baabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt .
Ltd

3. OOP’s concept Abstraction
& Encapsulation
Anupa Gopinath
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inath
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4. Abstraction
• Abstraction is the process or result of
generalization by reducing the information
content of a concept or an observable
phenomenon, typically in order to retain only
information which is relevant for a particular
purpose

5. Functional Abstraction vs.
Data Abstraction
• Functional abstraction means that a function can be
used without taking into account how the function is
implemented.
• Example-
• <iostream.h>: cin, cout, endl, setprecision( ), setw( )
• <string.h>: strcat( ), strcmp( ), strcpy( ), strlen( )
• <math.h>: ceil( ), sin( ), exp( ), log( ), pow( ), sqrt( )

6. • Data Abstraction means that data can be used
without taking into account how the data are
stored.
• Example-when we make use of data types ,we
don’t care how the data are stored, but only
what operations are provided and what
properties are supported.
• int i, j, k;
• Float y,l;

7. Encapsulation
• it is a process of binding or wrapping the data
and the codes that operates on the data into a
single entity. This keeps the data safe from
outside interface and misuse. One way to
think about encapsulation is as a protective
wrapper that prevents code and data from
being arbitrarily accessed by other code
defined outside the wrapper.

8. • Encapsulation defines the access levels for elements of that
class. These access levels define the access rights to the
data, allowing us to access the data by a method of that
particular class itself, from an inheritance class, or even
from any other class. There are three levels of access:
• public: functions of all classes may access the data or
methods of a class that is defined with the public access
level. This is the lowest level of data protection
• protected: data access is restricted to functions of
inheritance classes, i.e. member functions of that class and
all sub-classes
• private: data access is restricted to methods of that
particular class only. This is the highest level of data
protection

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