3. Introduction : defines
Nanobiotechnology: the application of
nanotechnolgy to life science
Bionanotechnology:is concerned with molecular
scale properties and application of biomolecular
nanostructures
5. introduction
Bionanotechnology is just a rapidly developing area of
scientific and technological opportunity that applies
the tools. It is worrried with molecular scale properties
and application of biological nanostructures.
It is also regarded as the area of study where
nanotechnology has applications in the field of
biology and medical sciences. It became one of the
booming and exciting research fields throughout the
globe. Nevertheless, in the past few years, there also
have been some great discoveries and inventions had
occured in these type of studies.
6. Bionanoparticles
● Bionanoparticles are naturally produced entities that
are of nanometer dimension. DNA, Amyloid fibrile,
Actin filaments, Aromatic peptides, Bacteriophages,
Minerals, Viruses, Enzymes and Nucleic acids are
examples of naturally occurring nanoparticles.
The current research in this area can be classified as: a.
Host-guest chemistry; used to package hard and
conducting inorganic materials.
Examples : ferritin, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
(CCMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
8. Applications
• Bio-nanotechnology promises a vast array of
commercial and medical applications. Nevertheless
this is often split into therapeutic applications and
diagnostic applications
• Nanotherapeutics
• Nanotherapeutics is an application of
bionanotechnology in which the diseases can be
treated by the use of various techniques at molecular
level. Nanotheraputics may be categorized into three
main areas of study and development
9. Gene therapy
Gene therapy is the usage of genes as medicine. It
requires the transfer of a therapeutic or working gene
copy into specific cells of an individual in order to fix a
flawed gene copy. It is also an experimental
technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease.
As time goes on, this process may allow helath
practitioners to treat a disorder by inserting a gene
into a patient's cells instead of using medications or
surgery.
10. William W. Hauswirth, and Alfred S. Lewin, researchers from
University of Florida recently i.e., on 23 January 2012 created
the new gene therapy method for treating of common form of
blindness that strikes both youngsters and adults. The process
is used by them is the replacing a deteriorating gene in the eye
with a normal working copy that supplies a protein necessary
for light-sensitive cells in the eye to function.
11. The transfer of a operating gene copy into specific cells
of an individual is done by using the 'vectors'
(Example: Adenovirus vector) like
• Harmless viruses
e These are the vectors which are widely used for the
genes delivery into the target cells. Some of the viruses
are well studied by scientists and they can be easily
and quickly altered with the desired genes. These
viruses are even capable of inserting the gene into the
genetic makeup of the cell.
12. Stem cells
Stem cells are the second type of vectors that are used by
the scientists. Stem cells have the capability of separate
or develop into cells with different functions.
In this technique, stem cells are manipulated in the lab
to facilitate the acceptance of new genes, and
thistechnique could make the previously missed or
altered genes which are effective to chemotherapy.
13. Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is defined as the treating the disease by
inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. It is
therapy that uses certain parts of the immune system to fight
diseases
• This can be done through two ways
Immunotherapy
Stimulating our own immune system to function harder or better
(Active immunotherapy)
Providing you immune system components, such as man made
immune system proteins (Passive immunotherapy
Nowa day's Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are generally usefull
tools for immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibody therapy uses
antibodies which are made in the lab rather than by a person's
own immune system. After the antibodies are given, they can
then recruit other parts of the immune system to destroy the
disease causing cells.
14. conclusion
Bionanotehcnology has become a reality. It uses
biological starting material to formulate devices. The
major aim of bionanotechnology is to create tools
that may study living molecules and help diagnose
and cure disease. This is really possible due to the
sheer potential of this technology and
nanotechnology as a whole.
The technology itself has created excitement in the
industry and people are reporting new discoveries
each day. As time goes on with advancement in this
technology, one can see that computer chips can be
inserted in living cells to cure diseases
15. conclusion
e By 2015, the global nanotechnology market is
expected to acheive $1 trillion of which
bionanotechnology is set to become an important
component. Though still in its research and
development stage, bionanotechnology is poised to
earn high revenues with several commercially viable
products in the pipeline.
• Bionanotechnology is a subject that will gain constant
attention as people realize the R&D benefits for
betterment of mankind.
