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1. 1
SKELETON THORACISSKELETON THORACIS
GRUDNA KOSTGRUDNA KOST
(STERNUM)(STERNUM)
STERNUMSTERNUM
►► OsnovniOsnovni delovidelovi
1.1. DrDršška grudne kosti (manubriumka grudne kosti (manubrium
sterni)sterni)
2.2. Telo grudne kosti (corpus sterni)Telo grudne kosti (corpus sterni)
3.3. MaMaččni nastavak (processusni nastavak (processus
xiphoideus)xiphoideus)
STERNUMSTERNUM
((manubriummanubrium sternisterni))
STERNUMSTERNUM
(corpus(corpus sternisterni))
STERNUMSTERNUM
((processusprocessus xiphoideusxiphoideus))
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2. 2
Ugao grudne kosti (angulus sterni)Ugao grudne kosti (angulus sterni) nana
spoju drspoju dršške i tela u nivou useka II rebarneke i tela u nivou useka II rebarne
hrskavicehrskavice
STERNUMSTERNUM
(napred, bo(napred, boččno i pozadi)no i pozadi)
1.1. Incisura jugularisIncisura jugularis
2.2. Incisura clavicularisIncisura clavicularis
3.3. Incisurae costalesIncisurae costales
(4. Sternebrae = ekvivalent(4. Sternebrae = ekvivalent
prprššljena)ljena)
5. M. sternocleidomastoideus5. M. sternocleidomastoideus
6. M. pectoralis major6. M. pectoralis major
7. M. rectus abdominis7. M. rectus abdominis
8. M. sternohyoideus8. M. sternohyoideus
9. M. sternothyroideus9. M. sternothyroideus
10. M. transversus thoracis10. M. transversus thoracis
11. Pars sternalis11. Pars sternalis
diaphragmatisdiaphragmatis
STERNUMSTERNUM
STERNUMSTERNUM
((pripojpripoj mimiššiićća na zadnjoja na zadnjoj
strani grudne kosti:strani grudne kosti:
M. sternohyoideusM. sternohyoideus
M. sternothyroideusM. sternothyroideus
M. transversus thoracisM. transversus thoracis
M. transversus abdominisM. transversus abdominis
Pars sternalis diaphragmatisPars sternalis diaphragmatis
REBRO (COSTA)REBRO (COSTA)
COSTAECOSTAE
11--7 = COSTAE VERAE7 = COSTAE VERAE
88--12 = COSTAE SPURIAE12 = COSTAE SPURIAE
(11(11--12 = Costae12 = Costae
fluctuantes)fluctuantes)
►► Spatia intercostaliaSpatia intercostalia
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3. 3
COSTACOSTA (TYPICA*)(TYPICA*)
1.1. TELO (CORPUS COSTAE)TELO (CORPUS COSTAE)
1.1. Gornja i donja ivica1.1. Gornja i donja ivica
1.2. Spolja1.2. Spoljaššnja i unutranja i unutraššnjanja
stranastrana
2.2. PREDNJI KRAJPREDNJI KRAJ
(extremitas sternalis(extremitas sternalis*)*)
3.3. ZADNJI KRAJ (ZADNJI KRAJ (extremitasextremitas
vertebralisvertebralis*)*)
3.1. Caput costae3.1. Caput costae
3.2.3.2. CollumCollum costaecostae
3.3.3.3. TuberculumTuberculum costaecostae
4.4. REBARNI UGAOREBARNI UGAO
(ANGULUS COSTAE)(ANGULUS COSTAE)
COSTA (TYPICA)COSTA (TYPICA)
1.1. Caput costaeCaput costae
2.2. Collum costaeCollum costae
3.3. Tuberculum costaeTuberculum costae
4.4. Facies articularisFacies articularis
tuberculi costaetuberculi costae
5.5. Angulus costaeAngulus costae
6.6. Corpus costaeCorpus costae
(7. Prednji rebarni ugao)(7. Prednji rebarni ugao)
8. Sulcus costae8. Sulcus costae
COSTACOSTA
-- GornjaGornja ivicaivica ii spoljnaspoljna stranastrana telatela
rebrarebra (corpus(corpus costae)costae) --
COSTACOSTA
-- UnutraUnutraššnja strana inja strana i žžleb (sleb (sulcusulcus
costae)costae) uz donju ivicu rebrauz donju ivicu rebra --
SULCUS COSTAESULCUS COSTAE
COSTACOSTA
-- Caput et facies articularis capitisCaput et facies articularis capitis
costaecostae --
((zadnjizadnji krajkraj rebrarebra))
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4. 4
COSTACOSTA
-- CollumCollum etet cristacrista collicolli ––
((zadnjizadnji krajkraj rebrarebra))
COSTACOSTA
-- TuberculumTuberculum etet faciesfacies articularisarticularis
tuberculituberculi costaecostae ––
((zadnjizadnji krajkraj rebrarebra))
COSTACOSTA
((AngulusAngulus costae)costae) COSTAE (ATYPICAE*)COSTAE (ATYPICAE*)
1.1. COSTA PRIMA (I)COSTA PRIMA (I)
2.2. COSTA SECUNDA (II)COSTA SECUNDA (II)
3.3. COSTA UNDECIMA (XI)COSTA UNDECIMA (XI)
4.4. COSTA DUODECIMA (XII)COSTA DUODECIMA (XII)
COSTA PRIMA (I)COSTA PRIMA (I)
2. Collum costae2. Collum costae
3. Tuberculum costae3. Tuberculum costae
4. Tuberculum m. scaleni4. Tuberculum m. scaleni
anteriorisanterioris
5. M. scalenus medius5. M. scalenus medius
6. M. scalenus posterior6. M. scalenus posterior
7. M. subclavius7. M. subclavius
8. V. subclavia8. V. subclavia
9. A. subclavia9. A. subclavia
10. Truncus inferior plexus10. Truncus inferior plexus
brachialisbrachialis
(C8 et T1)(C8 et T1)
COSTA PRIMACOSTA PRIMA
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5. 5
COSTA SECUNDACOSTA SECUNDA COSTAE XICOSTAE XI--XIIXII
SKELETONSKELETON THORACISTHORACIS
-- VERTEBRAE THORACICAEVERTEBRAE THORACICAE --
-- COSTAECOSTAE --
((zadnjazadnja stranastrana skeletaskeleta grudnoggrudnog kokošša)a)
PRPRŠŠLJEN (VERTEBRA)LJEN (VERTEBRA)
COLUMNA VERTEBRALISCOLUMNA VERTEBRALIS
1.1. VERTEBRAE CERVICALESVERTEBRAE CERVICALES
(CI(CI –– CVII)CVII)
2.2. VERTEBRAE THORACICAEVERTEBRAE THORACICAE
(TI(TI –– TXII)TXII)
3.3. VERTEBRAE LUMBALESVERTEBRAE LUMBALES
(LI(LI –– LV)LV)
4. OS SACRUM (VERTEBRAE4. OS SACRUM (VERTEBRAE
SACRALES ISACRALES I –– V)V)
5. OS COCCYGIS; COCCYX5. OS COCCYGIS; COCCYX
(VERTEBRAE COCCYGEAE I(VERTEBRAE COCCYGEAE I ––
IV)IV)
VERTEBRA (TYPICA)VERTEBRA (TYPICA)
►► CorpusCorpus
►► Arcus vertebraeArcus vertebrae
(laminae et pediculi)(laminae et pediculi)
►► Processus tProcessus transversransversii
►► Processus spinosusProcessus spinosus
►► Processus articularesProcessus articulares
(Zygapophyses)(Zygapophyses)
superiores etsuperiores et
inferioresinferiores
►► Foramen vForamen vertebralertebralee
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6. 6
VERTEBRA THORACICAVERTEBRA THORACICA
(pogled sa gornje strane)(pogled sa gornje strane)
1.1. Corpus vertebraeCorpus vertebrae
2.2. Facies intervertebralis sup.Facies intervertebralis sup.
3.3. Epiphysis anularisEpiphysis anularis
4.4. Fovea costalis sup.Fovea costalis sup.
5.5. Pediculus arcus vertebraePediculus arcus vertebrae
6.6. Lamina arcus vertebraeLamina arcus vertebrae
7.7. Foramen vertebraleForamen vertebrale
8.8. Processus transversusProcessus transversus
9.9. Fovea costalis processusFovea costalis processus
transversitransversi
10.10. Processus spinosusProcessus spinosus
11.11. Processus articularis sup.Processus articularis sup.
(12. Sulcus vertebralis)(12. Sulcus vertebralis)
VERTEBRA THORACICAVERTEBRA THORACICA
(bo(boččni aspekt)ni aspekt)
1.1. Facies intervertebralis sup.Facies intervertebralis sup.
2.2. Prednja strana tela prPrednja strana tela prššljenaljena
3.3. Zadnja strana tela prZadnja strana tela prššljenaljena
4.4. Fovea costalis superiorFovea costalis superior
5.5. Fovea costalis inferiorFovea costalis inferior
6.6. Pediculus arcus vertebraePediculus arcus vertebrae
7.7. Processus articularis sup.Processus articularis sup.
8.8. Processus articularis inf.Processus articularis inf.
9.9. Processus transversusProcessus transversus
10.10. Processus spinosusProcessus spinosus
11.11. Foramen intervertebraleForamen intervertebrale
12.12. Facies intervertebralis inf.Facies intervertebralis inf.
CORPUS VERTEBRAECORPUS VERTEBRAE
((FaciesFacies intervertebralisintervertebralis))
CORPUS VERTEBRAECORPUS VERTEBRAE
(Fovea costalis superior)(Fovea costalis superior)
VERTEBRAVERTEBRA
-- PediculusPediculus arcusarcus vertebrae etvertebrae et
incisuraincisura vertebralisvertebralis superiorsuperior
((obostranoobostrano))
VERTEBRAVERTEBRA
((LaminaeLaminae arcusarcus vertebrae)vertebrae)
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7. 7
VERTEBRAVERTEBRA
(Foramen(Foramen vertebralevertebrale))
PROCESSUSPROCESSUS // FACIES ARTICULARISFACIES ARTICULARIS
SUPERIORSUPERIOR etet INFERIORINFERIOR
VERTEBRAVERTEBRA
((ProcessusProcessus transversitransversi))
VERTEBRAVERTEBRA
((ProcessusProcessus spinosusspinosus))
VERTEBRAE THORACICAEVERTEBRAE THORACICAE
(T I(T I –– T XII)T XII)
VERTEBRA THORACICA PRIMAVERTEBRA THORACICA PRIMA
(T I)(T I)
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8. 8
VERTEBRA THORACICA DECIMAVERTEBRA THORACICA DECIMA
(T X)(T X)
VERTEBRA THORACICA UNDECIMAVERTEBRA THORACICA UNDECIMA
(T XI)(T XI)
VERTEBRA THORACICA DUODECIMAVERTEBRA THORACICA DUODECIMA
(T XII)(T XII)
COLUMNA VERTEBRALISCOLUMNA VERTEBRALIS
I.I. CURVATURACURVATURA
PRIMARIAPRIMARIA
II--1.1. KyphosisKyphosis
thoracicathoracica
II--2.2. KyphosisKyphosis
sacralissacralis
II. CURVATURAEII. CURVATURAE
SECUNDARIAESECUNDARIAE
IIII--1.1. LordosisLordosis
cerviciscervicis
IIII--2.2. LordosisLordosis
lumbalislumbalis
CURVATURAE COLUMNAECURVATURAE COLUMNAE
VERTEBRALISVERTEBRALIS
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9. 9
SCOLIOSISSCOLIOSIS
►► MorfoloMorfološškuku
slikusliku
kikiččmenog stuba imenog stuba i
grudnoggrudnog
kokošša u skoliozia u skoliozi
karakterikarakteriššee
ttipiipiččna distorzijana distorzija
prprššljenaljena
i rebara.i rebara.
►►
VERTEBRAVERTEBRA
(Rezime)(Rezime)
OsnovniOsnovni delovidelovi::
1. Corpus vertebrae1. Corpus vertebrae
1.1.1.1. FaciesFacies intervertebralisintervertebralis
1.2. Epiphysis1.2. Epiphysis anularisanularis
2.2. ArcusArcus vertebraevertebrae
2.1.2.1. PediculusPediculus arcusarcus vertebraevertebrae
2.1.1.2.1.1. IncisuraIncisura vertebralisvertebralis superiorsuperior
2.1.2.2.1.2. IncisuraIncisura vertebralisvertebralis inferiorinferior
2.2. Lamina2.2. Lamina arcusarcus vertebraevertebrae
33.. ForamenForamen vertebralevertebrale
4.4. ProcessusProcessus transversitransversi
5.5. ProcessusProcessus articularisarticularis superior;superior;
((ZygapophysisZygapophysis superiorsuperior))
5.1.5.1. FaciesFacies articularisarticularis superiorsuperior
6.6. ProcessusProcessus articularisarticularis inferior;inferior;
((ZygapophysisZygapophysis inferiorinferior))
6.1.6.1. FaciesFacies articularisarticularis inferiorinferior
7.7. ProcessusProcessus spinosusspinosus
VERTEBRAE THORACICAEVERTEBRAE THORACICAE
ATYPICAEATYPICAE** (I, IX(I, IX--XII)XII)
ZGLOBOVI GRUDNOG KOZGLOBOVI GRUDNOG KOŠŠAA
►► II ARTT. VERTEBRALESARTT. VERTEBRALES
1. Symphysis1. Symphysis
intervertebralisintervertebralis
2. Artt. zygapophysiales2. Artt. zygapophysiales
3. Syndesmoses3. Syndesmoses
intervertebrales:intervertebrales:
-- ligg. flavaligg. flava
-- ligg. interspinalialigg. interspinalia
-- ligg. supraspinalialigg. supraspinalia
-- ligg. intertransversarialigg. intertransversaria
►► IIII ARTT. THORACISARTT. THORACIS
1. Artt. costovertebrales:1. Artt. costovertebrales:
-- Art. capitis costaeArt. capitis costae
-- Art. costotransversariaArt. costotransversaria
2. Synchondrosis2. Synchondrosis
manubriosternalismanubriosternalis
3. Synchondrosis3. Synchondrosis
xiphisternalisxiphisternalis
4. Artt. sternocostales4. Artt. sternocostales
5. Artt. costochondrales5. Artt. costochondrales
6. Artt. interchondrales6. Artt. interchondrales
SYNDESMOSES ET SYMPHYSESSYNDESMOSES ET SYMPHYSES
INTERVERTEBRALESINTERVERTEBRALES
(na bo(na boččnom aspektu)nom aspektu)
1.1. DiscusDiscus
intervertebralisintervertebralis
2.2. Lig. interspinaleLig. interspinale
3.3. Lig. supraspinaleLig. supraspinale
(4. Foramen(4. Foramen
intervertebrale)intervertebrale)
ARTT. ZYGAPOPHYSIALES etARTT. ZYGAPOPHYSIALES et
SYNDESMOSES INTERVERTEBRALESSYNDESMOSES INTERVERTEBRALES
1. LIGG. FLAVA1. LIGG. FLAVA
Prednja ivicaPrednja ivica -- zglobovi zglobnihzglobovi zglobnih
nastavakanastavaka
Zadnje iviceZadnje ivice -- prednja ivica lig.prednja ivica lig.
interspinaleinterspinale
Gornja ivicaGornja ivica -- prednja strana laminaeprednja strana laminae
arcus vertebraearcus vertebrae
Donja ivicaDonja ivica -- zadnja strana laminaezadnja strana laminae
arcus vertebraearcus vertebrae
Prednja stranaPrednja strana -- dura materdura mater
Zadnja stranaZadnja strana -- mimiššiićći dorzalnihi dorzalnih žžlebovalebova
2. LIGG. INTERSPINALIA2. LIGG. INTERSPINALIA
3. capsula articularis ART.3. capsula articularis ART.
ZYGAPOPHYSIALISZYGAPOPHYSIALIS
4. LIG. SUPRASPINALE4. LIG. SUPRASPINALE
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10. 10
SYMPHYSIS INTERVERTEBRALISSYMPHYSIS INTERVERTEBRALIS
(discus intervertebralis)(discus intervertebralis)
Zglobne povrZglobne površšine:ine:
--Facies intervertebralisFacies intervertebralis
inferiorinferior
--Facies intervertebralisFacies intervertebralis
superiorsuperior
--discus intervertebralisdiscus intervertebralis
(umetnut)(umetnut)
Osnovni delovi discusOsnovni delovi discus--a:a:
1.1.Anulus fibrosusAnulus fibrosus
2.2.Nucleus pulposusNucleus pulposus
DISCUS INTERVERTEBRALISDISCUS INTERVERTEBRALIS
Corpus vertebrae
For. intervertebrale
LIG. LONGITUDINALE ANTERIUSLIG. LONGITUDINALE ANTERIUS
((šširoka i debela veza, pripaja se za prednju stranu telairoka i debela veza, pripaja se za prednju stranu tela
prprššljenova i diskuse, spreljenova i diskuse, spreččava hiperekstenziju)ava hiperekstenziju)
LIG. LONGITUDINALE POSTERIUSLIG. LONGITUDINALE POSTERIUS
(uska i tanka veza, pripaja se samo za zadnju stranu diskusa,(uska i tanka veza, pripaja se samo za zadnju stranu diskusa,
limitira hiperfleksiju)limitira hiperfleksiju)
Lig. longitudinale
posterius
DISCUS HERNIADISCUS HERNIA
1.1. DiscusDiscus
intervertebralisintervertebralis
2.2. Lig. longitudinaleLig. longitudinale
anteriusanterius
3.3. Lig. longitudinaleLig. longitudinale
posteriusposterius
4.4. Ligg. interspinaliaLigg. interspinalia
5.5. Lig. supraspinaleLig. supraspinale
6.6. (Medulla spinalis(Medulla spinalis
et nn. spinales)et nn. spinales)
ARTT. COSTOVERTEBRALESARTT. COSTOVERTEBRALES
(Art. capitis costae;(Art. capitis costae;
Art. costotransversaria)Art. costotransversaria)
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11. 11
ART. CAPITIS COSTAEART. CAPITIS COSTAE
ZGLOBNE POVRZGLOBNE POVRŠŠINEINE
►► Fovea costalis superiorFovea costalis superior
et inferioret inferior
►► Discus intervertebralisDiscus intervertebralis
►► Facies articularis capitisFacies articularis capitis
costaecostae
LIGAMENTALIGAMENTA
►► Lig. capitis costaeLig. capitis costae
radiatumradiatum
►► Lig. capitis costae intraLig. capitis costae intra--
articularearticulare
ART. COSTOTRANSVERSARIAART. COSTOTRANSVERSARIA
ZGLOBNE POVRZGLOBNE POVRŠŠINEINE
►► Facies articularis tuberculi costaeFacies articularis tuberculi costae
►► Fovea costalis processusFovea costalis processus
transversitransversi
VEZEVEZE
►► Lig costotransversariumLig costotransversarium
►► Lig. costotransversarium superiusLig. costotransversarium superius
►► Lig. costotransversarium lateraleLig. costotransversarium laterale
PREDNJA GRUPA ZGLOBOVAPREDNJA GRUPA ZGLOBOVA
GRUDNOGGRUDNOG KOKOŠŠAA
••Synchondrosis manubriosternalisSynchondrosis manubriosternalis
••Synchondrosis xiphisternalisSynchondrosis xiphisternalis
••Artt. sternocostalesArtt. sternocostales
(Ligg. sternocostalia radiata(Ligg. sternocostalia radiata--
--Membrana sterni;Membrana sterni;
Lig. sternocostale intraLig. sternocostale intra--articulare;articulare;
Ligg. costoxiphoidea)Ligg. costoxiphoidea)
••Artt. costochondralesArtt. costochondrales
••Artt. interchondralesArtt. interchondrales
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