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Emergency Care Athletic Injuries
- 1. Emergency Care in Athletic Training Chapter 13 Keith Gorse, Robert Blanc, Francis Feld and Mathew Radelet Presentation Prepared by: Dr Asma Lashari University of Health Sciences
- 2. “Trauma” in the medical community Implies that a person is at serious risk for loss of life and/or significant areas of functionality In medicine, trauma signifies that someone has a specific wound or injury that brings their physical wellbeing into risk
- 3. Psychiatric use of the Term trauma implies that a person has experienced a significantly disruptive event. Followed by interference in their social or occupational lives for more than a month after the event occurs
- 4. By feelings of Fear, Helplessness, Or horror.
- 5. More than 1 month
- 6. Nightmares and “Flashbacks” about the event, Concentration problems, Extreme irritability, Emotional fluctuations, Insomnia, Or attempts to avoid reminders of the event.
- 7. A lesser known emotional reaction to trauma is what is known As acute stress disorder (ASD), ASD may be a good predictor of who may develop PTSD in the future First 2 days to 1 month
- 8. Acute stress disorder also differs from PTSD in the emphasis it places on dissociation, Which occurs when people experience ongoing emotional numbness or detachment from one’s surroundings or an unexplained memory loss for events related to the trauma.
- 9. Mild Risk Factors: ■ Lack of education ■ Family history of psychiatric problems ■ General childhood adversity Moderate Risk Factors: ■ Positive psychiatric history in victim/witness ■ Poor psychological functioning in victim/witness prior to event ■ Reported child abuse ■ Severe trauma ■ Perceived life threat during event ■ Extreme emotion during/after trauma Significant Risk Factors: ■ Lack of social support ■ Extreme dissociation during/after trauma ■ Subsequent life stress
- 10. Often begin when an event violates Some of the “core” beliefs that people instinctively hold true, Such as a belief in a fair and just world, the need for physical safety, and the need for a positive view of oneself
- 11. Traumatic reactions are also more Likely to persist when individuals conclude that they (or those around them) are no longer safe or when an experience challenges Their self-worth or their ability to positively influence or control their life.
- 12. Ability to recover quickly Demonstrated by many suggests that protective psychological factors must be present to allow them to overcome difficulty with greater ease.
- 13. What characteristics Contribute to these resilient reactions? Hardiness, Self-enhancement, and The presence of positive emotion.
- 14. Trauma work is meant to help individuals resolve emotional reactions and Integrate critical events into one’s experiential history
- 15. Crisis intervention strategies are typically applied as a way to prevent The development of pathological difficulties in the first place
- 16. ■ Crisis interventions ■ Educational interventions ■ Psychological debriefing interventions ■ Cognitive therapy interventions
- 17. Assess an individual’s personal and interpersonal Resources Establish a supportive relationship Develop an understanding of the client’s Primary and secondary needs Coordinate referrals to specialized Treatment providers and/or assistance Organizations Monitor the client’s progress and Follow-through on an outlined recovery Plan
- 18. The goals of intervention are To reduce immediate distress and try to prevent Long-term problems
- 19. CISD Was developed with two basic intentions: 1. To alleviate the distress that emergency personnel experience following grave situations in the line of duty 2. And to help expedite the recovery from “normal” distress in people who endure abnormal and/or extreme situations
- 20. Trauma victims typically begin a CBT trial within the first few weeks A treatment schedule in CBT is typically done on an individual basis and may last for up to 6 weeks,
- 21. Cognitive restructuring Education about reactions to trauma Breathing and relaxation training Imagined exposure to the memory of traumatic events Confrontation of feared, but safe, situations
- 22. Internal Members: Athletic trainer Team physician Sport psychologist Coaching staff Administrative staff External Members: Counselors CISD “team” Staff psychiatrist
- 23. A prepared treatment team Reduces the likelihood of long-term problems.
- 24. Step 1:Address Basic Needs Step 2:Anticipate Recovery, Screen for Ineffective Coping Step 3: Implement Early-Intervention Protocols STEP 4 :Termination, Referrals, and Follow- Up
- 25. include the gradual reduction of emotionality during repeated discussions of the traumatic experience; the reformulation of thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions concerning the events reduction of negative emotions reliance on ineffective coping strategies.
- 26. Compassion fatigue represents a caregiver’s diminished ability To feel empathy or interest in helping victims of trauma As a result of being exposed to the intense emotions associated With their experiences
- 27. Lack of social support, A personal history of trauma, And a diminished level of self-care on the provider’s behalf have also been associated with higher levels of compassion fatigue.