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1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
INSTITUTE UIE
DEPARTMENT ACADEMIC UNIT-1
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab
Subject Code 21ELH-101
Prepared By
Akhil Nigam
Experiment 1
Kirchhoff’s Current Law

2. 2
Course
Objectives
S. No. Objectives
1 To meet students with basic knowledge of dc circuits, electromagnetism and ac fundamentals.
2
To aware about introduction to single and three phase ac circuit with their construction and
working principles.
3 To provide knowledge about electrical and electronics engineering fundamentals.
4
To acquire specific knowledge skills so as to comprehend how electric, magnetic and electronic
circuits are applied in practice.
https://library.automationdirect.com/basic-
electrical-theory/

3. 3
Course
Outcomes
CO
Numbe
r
Title Level
CO1
Identify the different types of electrical elements and the basic op-amp
circuit elements and to illustrate the various types of motors, transducers
and batteries.
Remember
CO2
Understand basic principles of transformers, transducers, op-amps, DC
and AC motors and to compare the different methods for analyzing
electrical and magnetic circuits.
Understand
CO3
Derive the relationships between parameters in electric and magnetic
circuits and motors and to determine specifications of op-amps.
Analyze
CO4
Solve the basic problems related to electric circuits, magnetic circuits and
motors and to assess the characteristics of different configurations of op-
amps.
Evaluate
CO5
Design the different applications of transducers, motors as well as the op-
amps like adders, subtractor and comparators. Create
https://library.automationdirect.com/basic-
electrical-theory/

4. Importance of Electricity
• It is the most versatile and easily controlled form of energy. At the
point of use it is practically loss-free and essentially non-polluting.
• It is weightless, easier to transport and distribute, and it represents
the most efficient way of consuming energy.
• It is needed to turn computers, refrigerators, televisions and all other
electrical objects to work.
• It is also further required to operate electrical vehicles.
4

5. Experiment-1 Objective
• The objective of this lab activity is to verify Kirchhoff's current law
(KCL).
5

6. Learning Outcomes
On completion of the course students will be able to:
• Measure the value of resistance and current.
• Design the circuits using series or parallel combination of elements.
• Verify kirchhoff’s current law.
6

7. Apparatus Required
7
S.No. Apparatus Name Specification &
Rating
Quantities in No.
1. Regulated variable
DC supply
0 – 30 V, 0 – 2 A 1
2. Digital multimeter 0 – 2 A 1
3. Resistor Of different values 6
4. Connecting wires As per requirement

8. Breadboard
• A breadboard is used to make
up temporary circuits for testing or to
try out an idea.
• A breadboard is a rectangular plastic
board with a bunch of tiny holes in it.
• No soldering is required so it is easy to
change connections and replace
components. Parts are not damaged
and can be re-used afterwards.
8
Fig.1 Breadboard
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-
projects/references/how-to-use-a-breadboard

9. Breadboard
• A breadboard is basically consists of
two parts.
• Upper part is connected in vertically
mode.
• Lower part is connected in
horizontally mode.
9
Fig.2 Breadboard
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-
breadboard/all

10. Breadboard Trainer Kit
• A breadboard is a construction base
for prototyping of electronics.
• In the 1970s the solderless
breadboard (plugboard, a terminal
array board) became available and
nowadays the term "breadboard" is
commonly used to refer to these.
10
Fig.3 Breadboard trainer kit
http://www.maxwellindia.com/digital_&analog
_breadboard_trainer.php

11. Multimeter
• A multimeter is mainly used to
measure the three basic electrical
characteristics of voltage, current and
resistance.
• It can also be used to test continuity
between two points in an electrical
circuit.
• The multimeter has multi
functionalities like it acts as ammeter,
voltmeter and ohmmeter.
11
Fig.4 Multimeter
https://electricalacademia.com/instrumentation-and-
measurements/digital-multimeter-working-
principle/attachment/drawing1-12/

12. Working of Digital Multimeter
• (i) Display: The LCD screen present on the upper portion of the
multimeter basically displays four or more digits and also shows
negative value if necessary.
• (ii) Selection switch: It allows the user to set the multimeter to read
different electrical parameters such as milliamps (mA) of current,
voltage, resistance, capacitance etc.
• (iii) Terminals: Two terminals are available on the front of every
multimeter except in some four ports are available for measuring
current in mA or A. We plugged two leads into these terminals which
are of different colors i.e. one is of red color and other is of black
color.
12

13. Working of Digital Multimeter
DMM Leads:
(i) Red lead
• Connected to voltage, resistance or ampere port.
• Considered as a +ve connection of a circuit
(ii) Black lead
• Connected to the common or ground port.
• Considered as a -ve connection of a circuit.
13

14. Resistance
• Resistance is a measure of the
opposition to current flow in an
electrical circuit. It is measured in
ohms.
• It is represented by the uppercase
letter R.
• When an electric current of
one ampere passes through a
component across which a potential
difference of one volt exists, then the
resistance of that component is one
ohm.
14
Fig.5 Resistance
https://www.electricalclassroom.com/elect
ric-resistance-what-is-resistance/

15. Connecting Wire
• Connecting wires provide a medium
to an electrical current so that they
can travel from one point on a circuit
to another.
• In the case of computers, wires are
embedded into circuit boards to carry
pulses of electricity.
15
Fig.6 Connecting wires
https://www.schrack.com/shop/kvadra-70m-
connecting-wires-5x1-5mm2-li35000095.html

16. Theory
• It states that the algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a
junction or a node in any electric circuit at any instant is zero.
ΣI = 0
• Algebraic sum means we have to consider the sign convention. If
current enters at node it will take as positive value and if current goes
away from node it will take negative value.
16

17. KCL Circuit
17
Fig.7 Circuit diagram of KCL

18. Observation Table
18
Sr. No.
Voltmeter
V (V)
Ammeter
I1 (A)
Ammeter
I2 (A)
1

19. KCL Circuit
19
Fig.8 Circuit diagram of KCL

20. Observation Table
20
Sr. No.
Ammeter
I2 (A)
Ammeter
I3 (A)
Ammeter
I4 (I)
1

21. Calculation
According to KCL,
Algebraic sum of incoming current = Algebraic sum of outgoing current
• I 1 = I2 + I3
• I3= I4
21

22. Sources of Errors
• Due to internal resistance of multimeter.
• Due to interruption of power supply.
• Due to wrong connection of circuit.
22

23. Viva Voice Questions
• Define linear and non – linear elements with examples.
• Give reasons why ammeter is always connected in series?
• What is the use of multimeter?
23

24. Summary
Introduction to kirchhoff’s current law.
Observation table.
Calculation of kirchhoff’s current law.
Sources of errors.
Learning outcomes.
24

25. Course Outcome to Program Outcome
Relationship
25
(21ELH-101) BEEE
PO→
CO↓ PO
1
PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 2 3
CO2 3 2 3
CO3 3 2 3
CO4 3 2 3
CO5 3 2 3

26. Assessment Pattern
26
A
Worksheet
completion
(each
practical)
B
Post Lab(each
experiment)
C
Student
Engagement
in
Simulation/D
emonstration
/Pre Lab
questions(eac
h experiment)
D
Mid Semester
Test(one per
test)
E
Homework
F
Discussion
Forums (each
experiment)
G
Attendance
and
engagement
Score on BB
10 5 5 20 NA 4 NA

27. References
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/references/how-to-use-a-
breadboard [1]
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-breadboard/all [2]
http://www.maxwellindia.com/digital_&analog_breadboard_trainer.php [3]
https://electricalacademia.com/instrumentation-and-measurements/digital-
multimeter-working-principle/attachment/drawing1-12/ [4]
https://www.electricalclassroom.com/electric-resistance-what-is-resistance/ [5]
https://www.schrack.com/shop/kvadra-70m-connecting-wires-5x1-5mm2-
li35000095.html [6]
27

28. Other References
• Books: [1]Basic of Electrical Engineering, T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S.Sukhija,2013 ,2nd edition
[2]Theory and problems of Basic Electrical Engineering, J. Nagrath and Kothari, 2012, 2nd edition
[3] A Textbook of Electrical Technology, B.L Theraja,2010,Vol 1
[4] Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Smarjith Ghosh,2013,1st edition
• E-Books: [1]
http://www.opentextbooks.org.hk/system/files/export/9/9648/pdf/Fundamentals_of_Electrical_Engineering_I_9648.pdf
[2] file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/Basic%20Electrical%20Engineering%20(%20PDFDrive.com%20).pdf
• Websites: [1] http://www2.gvsu.edu/peirsonb/kvl_kcl_ohms_law.pdf
[2] http://courses.egr.uh.edu/ECE/ECE2100/Formal/Sample%20Formal%20Report.pdf
[3] https://www.scribd.com/document/385939476/DC-Lab-2-Verification-of-Kirchhoff-s-Voltage-Law-KVL-and-
Kirchhoff-s-Current-Law-KCL
[4] https://www.phy.olemiss.edu/lab/genlab/labmanual/2014Manual/KirchhoffsLaws.pdf
• Videos: [1] https://youtu.be/8IZIK7rq5xE
[2] https://youtu.be/n__cezo9R1U
28

29. THANK YOU
For queries
Email: akhilnigam.eee@cumail.in
Contact no: +91-8958647623