define stunning? stunning in Islamic prespective. Islamic slaughtering method of stunning ? captive blots stunning water stunning gas stunning electric stunning

2. STUNNING IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

3. ❑ Introduction
❑ Islamic slaughter
❑ Stunning
❑ Methods of stunning
I. Captive bolt
II. Electric stunning
III. Water stunning
IV. CO gas stunning

4. STUNNINGIN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
INTRODUCTION:
▪ Stunning is the process in which animals are rendered
immobile or unconscious before slaughtering. Pre-slaughter
stunning was originally introduced to protect the personnel
deputed to slaughter the animals
▪ Now stunning is done to apparently, prevent/reduce pain -
hence, compulsory in many western countries
▪ The Humane Slaughter Act of 1933 in Britain was conceived
to make stunning compulsory and recommends such methods
as captive bolt pistol and electric tongs to achieve the goal

5. ISLAMIC SLAUGHTER
 When clean and large cut is made
properly with a sharp knife in one go,
major blood vessels are cut
 Application of sharp knife in dhabh
(Islamic slaughter, zibha') ensures that
no or minimum pain is felt by the
animal.
 The wound inflicted is clean and
results in a sudden and quick
hemorrhage
 The animals lose between 40 and 60%
of their total blood volume in a few
seconds

6.  The brain is instantaneouslystarved of blood and no time is given to start
feeling any pain
 When the throat is cut while animal is still conscious, the animal dies from
excessive bloodloss after minutes of struggling
 This is considered as unnecessarily very painful and cruel to animals being
slaughtered conscious
 Muslims considerIslamic slaughtering as perfect. This producesgood
qualitymeat (Abd El-Rahim2014). The last Prophet,Muhammad (SAW),
is Rahmatul-Alamin, the mercy to all worlds, men, animals, and others

7. EATING MEAT OF DEAD ANIMALS
 Meat of halal dead animals (those that died a natural or accidental death) is
not permitted for consumptionby Muslims (Rehmani 2000)
 Even in the modern world this is not allowed by the countrylegislations
 This is very well elaborated in Sura Maida, Verse 3 of the Holy Qur'an
(Awan 1988)
 Hence, any technique that will render the animal dead before
exsanguination would not be acceptable and the meat would be regarded as
haram

8. Forbidden unto you for Moonly are caron and bloodh swine-
flesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than
Allah, and the dead through beating, and the strangled, and the
dead through falling from a height and that which hath been,
killed by (the goring of homs, and the devoured of wild beasts
saving that which ye make lawful by the death stroke), and that
which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it)
that ye swear by the divining arows. This is an abomination. This
day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your
religion, so fear them not, fear Met This day have I perfected
your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and
have chosen for you as religion AL-ISLAM. Whoso is forced by
hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lol Allah is Forgiving,
Merciful" (V3)

9. STUNNING
 Since the introduction of stunning in the
17th century and
 the 1933 Act of Britain, the period has
been marked by development of
innovations in slaughterhouse
technologies
 Not all of them have been particularly
long-lasting.
 Stunning is not supposed to actually kill
the animal but to render the animal
unconscious
 Animals should die from loss of blood
after their throats are cut
 Some methods currently used for
stunning

10. METHODS OF STUNNING:
1. The Captive Bolt Pistol Halal Foods
2. Electrical Stunning
3. Water Bath Stunning
4. CO Gas Stunning

11. 1. The Captive Bolt Pistol:
The captive bolt pistol is of two types:
I. penetrative
II. non-penetrative
➢ In this method the animal is stunned
by a pistol equipped with bolt The
pistol is placed on a specific point on
the head of the animal. The bolt hits
on the head

12. ➢ The penetrative stunners drive bolt into the skull, while the non-
penetrative type gives a blow. This causes unconsciousness, both
through physical brain damage and concussive blow to the skull
➢ Bolt on non- penetrative stunner is 'mushroom-headed and
impacts on brain without entering the skull
➢ The non-penetrating stunners are preferred since these induce
unconsciousnessimmediately in the animal
➢ The pistol is placed on the centre of animal's forehead and either
trigger-fired or fires automaticallyon contact with animal's head

14. 2.Electric head only stunning:
➢ Electric head-only stunning is used to
stun cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits
and ostriches
➢ In this method a pair of electric tongs
is placed on either side of the animal's
head to ensure good electrical contact
➢ An electric current is passed through
the brain - supposedly causing a
temporary loss of consciousness
➢ The animal remains unconscious while
throat is cut and dies from loss of
blood

15. ➢ There are two reasons for this:
➢ either insufficient electrical current passes through the brain to stun animal
➢ or time interval between stunning and sticking exceeds 20 seconds and animal starts
to regain consciousness. Such a condition causes a painful condition.
➢ The Scientific Veterinary Committee of EU says 'under commercial conditions, a
considerable proportion of animals are either inadequately stunned or require a
second stun (SVC 1996)
➢ This is mainly because of poor electrode placements, bad electrical contacts and
long stun-to-stick intervals
➢ The Committee has also expressed concern that the strength of electric current used
should be high enough for the species to induce a stun within one second of
application

16.  Few abattoirsactuallyuse these methods in which
 (a) electric current is sent through head and body at the same time to span
the brain and heart
 (b) electriccurrent is sent though head first to cause unconsciousness and
then across chest to cause cardiac arrest
 If administered correctly, these methods remove risk of animals regaining
consciousnesswhile bleeding to death as the heart attack should kill the
animal outright
 Scientific Veterinary Committee of EU say that when second method is
used, 'a considerableproportionof animals are either inadequatelystunned
or require a second stun
 By using method 'b', animals could suffer potentiallypainful cardiac arrest

17. 3.Electricwater bath stunning:
➢ Electric water bath is widely used to
stun chickens, turkeys, ducks and
geese
➢ In this method the birds are shackled
upside down on a moving conveyor
➢ They are carried to an electrified water
bath where their heads are immersed.
➢ The strength of electrical current must
ensure that birds suffer a cardiac arrest
and die when they enter water bath

18. 4.Gas stunning :
➢ Gas stunning is being promoted
because it results in less blood spots in
meat and fewer hemorrhages on
surface of carcass
➢ There are five gas stunning methods
used that differ in gas composition and
concentration
➢ The gases used are CO2, Argon and
Nitrogen.
➢ Currently there is a debate as to which
gas mixture is most humane

19. ➢ Different gas combinations can be
used
➢ This method results in less blood spots
on meat and fewer haemorrhages are
produced on the carcass
➢ Cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits and goats
are stunned and simultaneously given
a cardiac arrest which results in the
death of the animal (Raj and Gregory,
1994)

20. CONCLUSIONAND DISCUSSION:
 All stunning methods are supposed to impact some kind of negative influence
 Some methods, like pithing, are specially avoided. After confirmation of the first
U.S. BSE case, FSIS issued regulations (January 12, 2004) prohibiting use of air-
injection captive bolt stun gun (Grandin 2009)
 The main aspects of adaptation of stunning procedures are summarized as follows:
• To protect slaughterer from any harm from the animal killing.
• Save animals from undue pain during Facilitate slaughtering procedure.
• Economize meat production - slaughter more animalsin less time.
• Improve meat quality and shelf life

21. ➢ Stunning procedures have some limitations in their use
➢ They may also have mints and plus points, Regulatory authorities have given rules
and regulations to be followed when these procedures are carried out
➢ Despite having demerits, no stunning method has been banned completely except
pithing because of chances of BSE particles entering the meat
➢ Further work continues to remove demerits and formulate new methods for animal
welfare.
➢ In the Jewish and Muslim methods stunning is not allowed. Animals are slaughtered
with their religious methods - Kosher and Halal
➢ According to some research Kosher and Halal methods have lowest risks of BSE and
other undesired contaminants (Farouk et al 2014)

22.  With normal stunning procedures - if animal is not stunned on the first try, it is
extremely stressful
 Sometimes it takes as many as 6 tries to eventually stun the animal
 The US American Meat Institute permits 5% of animals to be "missed" on the
first try! And most animal activist organizations in the US accept this standard
(Grandin 1994) despite the fact that these "missed" animals suffer pain
associated with stunning several times
 Experts claim that they minimize suffering of the animal. An electric current or
a bolt pistol does cause pain to the animal.
 Gas stunning may cause severe breathing difficulties or suffocation

23. ➢ Meat of such birds that die as a result of electric shock is not halal for the Muslims
(Usmani 2004). The verse further says:
"and an animal killed by a violent blow" (Quran V:3).
➢ This is exactly the method that has been used in stunning - Captive bolt
➢ Many scientists consider stunning cruel and painful to animals
➢ Studies show that animal feels pain in stunning
➢ Electricity is used as a method of torture for humans in prisons and detentions, so it
is equally torturous for the animals.

24. REFERENCES
1. Abd El-Rahim IHA 2014. Recent methods of slaughtering and its effect on meat
safety and hygiene. The 3rd Gulf Conference on halal industry and its services
(Developments in the halal industry). State of Kuwait, Kuwait, 13-15 May, 2014.
2 Al-Abbadi Abdullah Abdur Rahim, 1988. Zabiha ke ehkam o masail (Rules and
regulations on slaughtering). Urdu translation from Arabic by Hafiz Muhammad Abdul
Ghafoor Islamic Res. Inst., Islamic Intl. Univ., Islamabad.
3. Atkinson S, Velarde A and Algers B. 2013. Assessment of stun quality at commercial
slaughter in cattle shot with captive bolt Animal Welfare 22:473-481.
4. Betz P, Pankratz H, Penning R and Eisenmenger W. 1993 Homicide with a captive
bolt pistol. The American J of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 1: 54-57.