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Eero saarinen.pptx
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
APEX GROUP OF INSTITUTION
SUBMITTED TO:
AR. PRIYADARSHINI
AGARWAL MA’AM
SUBMITTED BY:
ANURADHA
VI SEM,III YEAR
23-03-2022
SUBJECT: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
TOPIC: POST MODERN ARCHITECTURE
3. ABOUT ARCHITECT
• Born in Kirkkonummi, Finland in 1910 and immigrated to the United
States in 1923.
• Studied at the School of Architecture at Yale University and taught at the
Cranbrook Academy of Art.
• Liked to explore new technology, forms, production and processes in
design.
• Wished to create a radically new architecture.
• Believed everything was architecture, even furniture, which influenced
his experiments with materials, structural techniques and manufacturing
• Furniture designer: Under his father he designed and entered his
furniture designs in competitions. Later were entered into production by
the Knoli Furniture Company
5. TRANS WORLD AIRPORT TERMINAL
• Location: New York, New York
• Architect: Eero Saarinen, along with Kevin Roche, Cesar Pelli,
Edward Saad, & Norman Pettula
• Time: 1956-1962
• Completion year: 28 May 1962
• Style: Expressionist
• Saarinen and his firm won the competition in 1956 to design a
• terminal that captured “the spirit of flight” The form resembles
a huge bird with wings spread, preparing for landing.
• “The fact that to some people it looked like a bird in flight was
really coincidental. That was the last thing we thought about”
6. INTRODUCTION
• Features thin shell roof, tube-shaped departure/arrival corridors,
expansive windows that highlight departing and arriving jets, strips of
skylights separating the four “wings”.
• Invisible web of reinforcing steel, comparable to Saarinen’s 1962
Washington Dulles terminal building (invisible reinforced “hammock”).
• Saarinen developed a special curve edged ceramic tile to conform to the
shell.
7. HISTORY
• 1956 – Eero Saarinen and firm commissioned to design TWA Flight
Center
• 1962 – Terminal is dedicated on May 8. Saarinen died September 1,
1961.
• 1969 – Terminal received a new departure-arrival concourse and lounge
designed by RocheDinkeloo
• 1994 – Designated New York City Landmark
• 2001 – Terminal ends operations after TWA is purchased by American
Airlines
• 2005 – Construction began on new terminal for JetBlue Airways, which
encircled part of Saarinen’s original terminal
• 2008 – T5, the name for the terminal with the new structure designed by
Gensler along with Saarinen’s terminal, opens on October 22.
8. DESIGN
• Biggest challenge for the design was allowing for smooth passage
through the terminal.
• Countless study models made to determine the most suitable form.
• Concept for the form derived from the rind of a grapefruit.
• Final solution consisted of creating 4 adjacent shells counterbalancing
each other.
• Final scheme used 3 different sized configurations of curved, diamond
shaped shells supported by 4 curvilinear shaped columns.
14. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
• Four curvilinear y-shaped columns of poured in place reinforced
concrete
• Hundreds of drawings required to determine form work (created
before computer aided architectural drawing existed)
• 51’ tall
• 315’ long
• 3’ thick
15. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
• Skylights stretch across the seams separating the shells
• Each shell meets in the center to support each other
• Emphasizes the line of the roof and separation of the vaults
17. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
• Steel pipe truss curtain wall
• Outer arc pulls mullions inward while the mullions hang away
from the structure
• System relies on stiffness
• Structural glass held in place by mullions and hang outwardly
• Curtain wall system fills in ‘voids’ between concrete emphasizing
the ‘lightness’ of the structure
20. INTRODUCTION
• Location: Chantilly,Virginia, United States
• Architect: Eero Saarinen
• Year: 1962 (Time: 1958-1962)
• Style: Expressionist
• Area: 11,000 acre
• Total cost of original main terminal $108.3 million.
• Materials: Concrete, Glass and metal
21. STRUCTURE
• The airport was designed to provide a modern gateway to the capital of
the nation and building it for the federal government.
• The site was a flat plain.
• The main terminus is a single, compact structure, not entirely free from
formalist tendencies but one which is technically exciting.
• The final design concept arrived at was a suspended structure, high at
the front, lower in the middle, slightly higher at the back, generated by a
rectangular plan.
• The building is thus capable of lateral extension.
• Ranked the fifth largest hub for United Airlines, the DullesAirport is one of
the nation's busiest airports as it handles over 23 million passengers a day,
flying to more than 125 destinations.
22. STRUCTURE
• The 16 pairs of pylons curve upwards and support the hammock-like
roof in tension.
• Passengers are brought into the building is made to coincide with the
system of mobile lounges which take people to aircraft on the two-mile-
long runway.
• A corner of the building with the reinforced concrete pylon carrying the
cable on which the roof is supported.
• The design included a landscaped man-made lake to collect rainwater, a
low rise hotel, and a row of office buildings along the north side of the
main parking.
•
23. • When Eero Saarinen designed the passenger terminal for the gateway
to the nation’s capital, he envisioned a building that expressed
movement and the excitement of travel. Dulles International was the first
commercial airport to be designed specifically for jet air travel.
24. • Angular concrete columns spaced forty feet apart on each side of the
main concourse carry suspension cables that in turn support curved
concrete roof panels.
• The columns are tapered and tipped outward to emphasize the dynamic
structural system.
• The roof rises sixty-five feet above the passenger approach, and forty-
five feet above the field.
• The passenger services are organized on two levels below the single
roof plane.
• Mobile lounges carried passengers between the terminal and the jets,
eliminating long walkways and the heavy cost of taxiing planes.
• Saarinen wrote, “I think this airport is the best thing I have done.”
25. • The Dulles terminal has two floors; the first for departing passengers,
ticketing and concessions, and the other for arriving passengers, baggage
claim, and ground transportation.
• One of the key moments of innovation in this terminal was the employment
of new transport vehicles known as mobile lounges, which resembled a sort of
giant luxury bus and carried up to ninety people from the terminal to their
plane.
