It gives a detail study about about the vaccine that is used against measles and mumps It gives a notes on history , dosage , working , side effects and finally conclusion ABOUT VACCINE

1. MMR VACCINE
PRESENTED
BY
SK MAHATAB ANJUM
Y19PH02076

2. INTRODUCTION
The MMR VACCINE is a vaccine against measles ,
mumps and rubella .
The MMR vaccine is a mixture of live weakened
viruses of the three diseases. The MMR vaccine
was developed by Maurice Hilleman.

3.  Measles is a very infectious viral illness that is spread by
coughs and sneezes. If you are not protected and have even
passing contact with someone who has measles, the
chances are that you will be infected too. If you catch
measles you will probably feel very poorly and be off
school or work for around 10 days. There is no treatment or
cure for measles.
Symptoms
Symptoms of measles include fever, sore red eyes, and
rash. It can be a very serious infection for some people.

4. Complications are more likely to occur in certain
groups including people with weakened immune
systems, babies under one year old and pregnant
women. Complications can include chest and ear
infections, fits, diarrhoea, encephalitis (infection of the
brain) and brain damage. Those who develop
complications may need to be admitted to hospital for
treatment.

5. History:
The component viral strains of MMR vaccine were
developed by propagation in animal and human cells as
all viruses require a living host cell to replicate.
For example, in the case of mumps and measles viruses,
the virus strains were grown in embryonated chicken
eggs. This produced strains of virus which were adapted
for chicken cells and less well-suited for human cells.
These strains are therefore called attenuated strains. They
are sometimes referred to as neuroattenuated because
these strains are less virulent to human neurons than the
wild strains.

6. The Rubella component, Meruvax, was developed in
1967 through propagation using the human embryonic
lung cell line WI-38 (named for the Wistar Institute) that
was derived six years earlier in 1961
MMR II is supplied freeze-dried (lyophilized) and
contains live viruses. Before injection it is reconstituted
with the solvent provided.
The term "MPR vaccine" is based on the Latin names of
the diseases.
The MMR vaccine Pluserix (known as Trivirix in Canada)
uses the Urabe mumps strain. It is no longer used in the
UK or Canada, but it remains in use in a number of

7. MMRV vaccine:
The MMRV vaccine, a combined measles, mumps,
rubella and varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, has been
proposed as a replacement for the MMR vaccine to
simplify administration of the vaccines. Preliminary data
indicate a rate of febrile seizures of 9 per 10,000
vaccinations with MMRV, as opposed to 4 per 10,000 for
separate MMR and varicella shots; U.S. health officials
therefore do not express a preference for use of MMRV
vaccine over separate injections.

8. Measles:
Measles (rubeola), also known as “red measles”, is a virus
that causes blotchy red rash, fever, cough, runny nose, and
red, watery eyes. In some cases measles can cause swelling
of the brain leading to seizures, hearing loss, or even death.
Mumps:
Mumps is a virus that causes painful swelling of the cheeks
and neck, fever, dry mouth, headache, earache, fatigue,
sore muscles, loss of appetite, and trouble talking, chewing,
or swallowing. Mumps can also cause deafness, meningitis,
and infections of the testicles or ovaries.

11. Rubella:
Rubella infection in pregnant women can lead to
miscarriage and malformation of the unborn baby.
Rubella, also known as “German measles”, is a virus that
causes rash and low grade fever, swelling of the lymph
nodes, and achy joints and muscles.

13. DOSAGE :
CDC recommends that people get MMR vaccine to protect
against measles, mumps, and rubella. Children should get
two doses of MMR vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12
to 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years
of age.
 Teens and adults should also be up to date on their MMR
vaccination. Children may also get MMRV vaccine, which
protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella
(chickenpox).
This vaccine is only licensed for use in children who are 12
months through 12 years of age.

15. One dose of MMR vaccine is 93% effective against measles,
78% effective against mumps, and 97% effective against
rubella.
Two doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective against
measles and 88% effective against mumps.

17. WORK OF MMR VACCINE :
MMR is an attenuated (weakened) live virus vaccine.
This means that after injection, the viruses cause a
harmless Infection in the vaccinated person with very
few, if any, symptoms before they are eliminated from
the body. The person’s immune system fights the
infection caused by these weakened viruses, and
immunity (the body’s protection from the virus)
develops.

18. Some people who get two doses of MMR vaccine may
still get measles, mumps, or rubella if they are exposed to
the viruses that cause these diseases. Experts aren’t sure
why; it could be that their immune systems didn’t
respond as well as they should have to the vaccine or
their immune system’s ability to fight the infection
decreased over time. However, disease symptoms are
generally milder in vaccinated people.

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