Variation produced by plant tissue culture techniques.

1. SOMACLONAL
VARIATION
SOMACLONAL
VARIATION
BY:
ANANYA KUMAR
NIKITA SINGH
SANIKA MORE
ANANYA SINGH

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01
01
05
05
02
02
06
06
03
03
07
07
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
STEPS
STEPS
CAUSES
CAUSES
MECHANISM
MECHANISM
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
DETECTION
DETECTION
04
04
08
08
BASIC
REQUIREMENTS
BASIC
REQUIREMENTS
RESEARCH PAPER
RESEARCH PAPER
09
10
11
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
The term was first introduced by Lakin and Skokraft in 1960s.
The variation seen in plants produced by tissue
culture.
The variations can be phenotypic or
genotypic.
-->WHAT IS SOMACLONAL VARIATION?
-->HOW DOES IT ARISE?
PRINCIPLE
It is based on the idea that the process of regenerating plants from somatic
cells in vitro outside the organism can lead to genetic and epigenetic changes
in the resulting plants.

4. CAUSES OF CLONAL VARIATION:
CAUSES OF CLONAL VARIATION:
CULTURE MEDIUM
GROWTH PATTERN AND REGENERATION MODE
LENGTH OF CULTURE AND SUBCULTURE FREQUENCY
PHYSICAL FACTOR
GENOTYPE
VARIANTS OBTAINED USING CALLUS CULTURES -“CALLICLONES”

5. MECHANISM
2
Pre-existing variation in
somatic cell of explant.
Occurs at high frequency
1. GENETIC - HERITABLE
VARIATIONS
Variation generated during plant
tissue culture
Occurs at low frequency
2. EPIGENETIC - NON HERITABLE
VARIATION

6. DETECTION
Analyzing Morphological character:
Variant Detection by Cytological studies:
Variant Detection by Electrophoresis:
Variant Detection by DNA content:
-->Quantitative
--> Qualitative
--> Staining with Acetocarmine
-->Cytophotometer

7. STEPS
STEPS
Without In-
Vitro Selection
With In-Vitro
Selection

8. WITHOUT
IN-VITRO
WITHOUT
IN-VITRO

9. WITHOUT
IN-VITRO
WITHOUT
IN-VITRO

10. ADVANTAGES OF WITH IN VITRO SELECTION
APPROACH
ADVANTAGES OF WITH IN VITRO SELECTION
APPROACH
The major advantage of with in vitro selection
method is the specific selection of the desired trait
rather than a general variation found at the plant
level. This procedure is less time consuming when
compared to without in vitro selection approach.

11. BASIC REQUIREMENTS
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
COMBINED CHARACTERS
COMBINED CHARACTERS
SUPERIOR TO PARENT
CHARACTER
SUPERIOR TO PARENT
CHARACTER
USEFUL CHARACTERS
USEFUL CHARACTERS
INHERITED STABLY.
INHERITED STABLY.

12. EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES

14. HELP IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
INCREASED AND IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF
SECONDARY METABOLITES.
CREATION OF ADDITIONAL GENETIC VARIATION
DISEASE RESISTANCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

15. SOMETIMES LEADS TO UNDESIRABLE RESULTS
SELECTED VARIANTS ARE RANDOM AND GENETICALLY UNSTABLE
REQUIRE EXTENSIVE AND EXTENDED FIELD TRIALS
MAY DEVELOP VARIANTS WITH PLEIOTROIC EFFECTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

16. RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES
RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES
PRODUCTION OF AGRONOMICALLY USEFUL PLANTS
APPLICATIONS
RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
RESISTANCE TO HERBICIDES
IMPROVED SEED QUALITY

17. RESEARCH PAPER
RESEARCH PAPER

18. Seeds of commercially cultivated cotton, specifically Gossypium hirsutum L. var.
Madras Cambodia Uganda-5 (MCU-5), were acquired.
These seeds, characterized as healthy and uniform, underwent a process of aseptic
germination.
Shoot tip explants were aseptically excised from 2-week-old seedlings. They were
exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation (GR) at room temperature in a
gamma chamber. The shoot tips were also treated with EMS and SA.
The irradiated/treated shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with
PGRs.

19. RESULT & FINDING
RESULT & FINDING
Lower doses/concentrations of mutagens- enhanced in
vitro culture response, growth and agronomical
characters
The best response was seen at 30 Gy GR (82.1%), followed
by 3.0 mM EMS (79.2%) and SA (76.4%).
However, going beyond 35 Gy GR and 3.5–5.0 mM EMS
and SA led to a decrease in the response.

21. THANK YOU
THANK YOU
Do you have any questions for us?