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INSECT
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEMS
FOREGUT MIDGUT HINDGUT
pharynx
esophagus
crop
Malpighian tubulessalivary glands
cibarium
salivarium
gastric caeca
proventriculus
pylorus
ileum
rectum
ventriculus
anus
Variation in insect guts
What does the digestive system do?
1. Obtaining food
2. Mechanically breaks good down into smaller particles
that facilitate the activity of digestive enzymes.
3. Enzymatic breakdown of larger food molecules into
molecules that can enter the hemolymph.
4. Produce molecules that coordinate feeding and other
digestive activities
Salivary Glands
Functions of Salivary Glands
1. Moisten food
2. Lubricate mouthparts
3. Contains digestive enzymes
3a. Amylase – complex sugars to simple sugars
3b. Salivary enzymes for preoral digestion
4. Non-digestive functions
4a. Toxins of predators that affect CNS of prey
4b. Counter toxins of plant allelochemicals
4c. Anti-coagulants
4d. Silk production
Insect Saliva - Composition
e.g. Mosquito saliva
- 20 polypeptides
> 70 unique proteins
Salivary Glands
Aphid Blood feeders
Silk cocoons Plant galls
Foregut
Cicada (Homoptera)
pharynx
esophagus
crop
Malpighian tubulessalivary glands
cibarium
salivarium
gastric caeca
proventriculus
pylorus
ileum
rectum
ventriculus
anus
Peritrophic membrane
Secretion
Delamination
Peritrophic membrane
Peritrophic membrane
Bacterium
Food
Peritrophic membrane
Peritrophic membrane
Peritrophic membrane
Enclosing fecal
pellet
Peritrophic
membrane
pharynx
esophagus
crop
Malpighian tubulessalivary glands
cibarium
salivarium
gastric caeca
proventriculus
pylorus
ileum
rectum
ventriculus
anus
Midgut Enzymes -
Insect Diet Protease Lipase Amylase Invertas
e
Maltase
Cockroach omnivorous √ √ √ √ √
Carausius phytophagou
s
√ √ √ √ √
Lepidopter
a larvae
phytophagou
s
√ √ √ √ √
adults nectar √
adults Non-feeding
Lucilia meat √ √
Glossina blood √
Termites
Absorption of digested material
Absorption of digested material
Movement of H20
Movement of water, inorganic ions, sugars & amino acids
caecum
Malpighian
tubule
Fat Body
Functions of fat body
- metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and nitrogenous compounds
- storage of glycogen, fat and protein
- regulation of blood sugar
-synthesis of major hemolymph (blood) proteins
(haemoglobins, vitellogenins, storage proteins)
Fat Body
Functions of fat body – changes with needs – e.g. calliphorin
10
5
0
Amountofcalliphorininhemoglobin
~7
~3
~.03
Fat Body – cell types
Trophocytes
-carry out most of
functions of fat body
Urocytes
- storage of urates/uric acid

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Digestive System of Insects