Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan

1. BIODIVERSITY ACTION
PLAN FOR PAKISTAN
2022
Presented by: Amatur Rehman

2. Contents
 Geography of Pakistan
 Biodiversity
 Maximum Biodiversity containing areas
 Importance of biodiversity & Why to conserve
biodiversity
 Environmental Issues in Pakistan
 Conservation of Biodiversity
 In-Situ and Ex-Situ Conservation
 Pakistan Action Plans
 Strategies for Promoting Biodiversity Conservation
 Endemic, Threatened & Endengered species
 Role of research institutions & NGOS
 Protected areas
 Steps towards the action plan for Biodiversity of
Pakistan

3. Pakistan’s Geography

4. Pakistan’s Geography
The Geography of Pakistan is a profound blend of landscapes
 varying from plains to deserts, forests
 plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the
south to the mountains of the Karakoram, Hindukush
 Himalayas ranges in the north
 Pakistan Climatic pattren
 Pakistan possesses a variety of ecological regions due to its
immense latitudinal and altitudinal variations

5. Biodiversity

6. Biodiversity:
 “It is the structural and functional variety of Life forms at genetic,
population, community and ecosystem levels.” (Scandland, Hinder & Brown
1992)

7. Maximum Biodiversity
Biomes containing much diversity
 Alpine Tundra
 Cold conifer/ Mixed woodland
 Temperate Forests
Inland Water Biodiversity includes
 Indus River System Containing Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi &
Sutlej
 Marine and coastal Biodiversity
 About 800 spp
 Extend over 1,050 square Km
 Mangrove ecosystems are rich in biodiversity
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov
/facts/mangroves.html

8. Biodiversity
Conservation

9. Why to Conserve Biodiversity
 Four reasons, 3 from utilitarian/instrumental values
view point as human obtain some form of benefit
from them. The fourth on ethical and non utilitarian
grounds
i. Aesthetic and economics
ii. Foods, pharmaceutical and scientific
information, products
iii. Protecting free services and saving
money
iv. Ethics Aesthetic and Economic

10. Conservation Biology:
Conservation biology focuses on the Preservation of
biodiversity (I.e. the extinct range of species). And not nearly
management of individual species. This concept arose from
the crisis of worldwide extinction and loss of species. Hence
need to take care of all plants and animals to prevent their
loss or waste

11. Method of Conservation
1- In-Situ Conservation
2- Ex-Situ Conservation
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Djnz2Xq9T0dk&psig=AOvVaw3SnnD95fL0H0kQrR86W7U8
&ust=1645734861213000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjn2tKf1pb2AhUn57sIHT0qC6IQr4kDegUIARCEAQ

13. Environmental Issues in Pakistan
 Environmental issues in Pakistan include air pollution,
water pollution, noise pollution, climate change,
pesticide misuse, soil erosion, natural disasters,
desertification and flooding
 According to the latest global environment
performance index (EPI) ranking Pakistan is in the list
of countries which suffer from poor air quality
 Factors like deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion,
salinity and waterlogging are posing major threats to
the remaining biodiversity of the country ( Baig et al,
2014 ).

14. Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Climate Change
Flooding
Desertification
Natural Diseasters
Soil Erosion
Environmental
Issues

15. Fig: Environmental Issues in Pakistan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan)

16. Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan
for Pakistan
 Strategies for Promoting Biodiversity
Conservation:
The government of Pakistan attaches great
importance to its biodiversity
 Identification:
 Weather the species are
1. Endemic
2. Threathened
3. Extinct
4. Endengered

18. Fig: Endengered Species in Pakistan, A: Red Deer, B: Fishing Cat, C: Wild Goat, D: Brown Bear
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Pakistan)
A B
C D

19. Action Plans
 Pakistan established its first National Park Lal Suhanra in 1972
 The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1992 was accepted
by the World Bank as a National Environmental Action Plan
 14 core programs in the NCS, many of which touch upon
biodiversity issues. However, as a whole the document does not
provide comprehensive actions specifically related to biodiversity
loss and conservation
 Sarhad and Balochistan Provincial Conservation Strategies have
been completed and a strategy for the Northern Areas is under
preparation.These strategies deal with biodiversity much more
explicitly at the local level (GOP 1999)

20. Conti…..
 In addition, a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)
was adopted in 1999, especially arid and
semi-arid regions where there is relatively
more pressure on natural resources by the
native communities
 All the provinces have adopted conservation
strategies to mitigate threats and improve
biodiversity conservation

22. Role of Research Institutions & NGOS
 A number of federal and provincial institutions are engaged in
conducting research in various aspects of biodiversity
 These include Zoological Survey Department, Pakistan
Museum of Natural History, Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council, Pakistan Forest Institute, Punjab Forestry Research
Institute, Provincial Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock
Research institutes and universities
 The most notable international NGOs working in the field of
biodiversity conservation are WWF and IUCN. A number of
local NGOs are also working in various fields of
environmental protection and biodiversity conservation

23. Protected Areas
 The Government of Pakistan has taken a number of steps for
the protection and conservation of biodiversity including
 National parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves
 Covers an area of 9.17 million hectares (10.4 % of total land
area) (GOP 1999)
 PAs were designated through legislation in the 1960s and
1970s

24. http://www.wildlifeofpakistan.com/WildlifeBiodiversityofPakistan/protectedareassystemof
Pakistan.htm

25. Recent Action Plan for Pakistan
 Honourable Ms. Marriyum Aurangzeb, Minister of State for
Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage, Government of
Pakistan emphasized on the Pakistan’s indigenous narrative of
culture, sports and tourism. She highlighted that the economic
valuation of the environmental services must be done. She
promised to support the declaration of Astola as the Pakistan’s first
Marine Protected Area in the cabinet that has been forwarded
through the Ministry of Climate Change with the technical support
by IUCN.
 The new Protected Areas intiative lanched by PM Imran Khan will
expand the protected areas coverage from 12% to at least 15% of
Pakistan area by 2023
 Nine new National Parks were designated and a further six will be
rehabilitated, covering an area our 7,300 km2. This includes
Pakistan’s first marine protected area at Astola Island

26. Steps towards the Action Plan for Biodiversity of
Pakistan

27. 1- Legislation
 The legislative framework for the conservation of
wildlife consists of the various provincial Acts and
Ordinances. These laws provide for the establishment
of provincial Wildlife Management Boards with
responsibility for the formulation of policy and the
supervision of activities related to the conservation and
management of wildlife. In practice, boards have not
been set up in some provinces, and even where they
have been set up, they are largely ineffective.

28. Public Awareness Strategies
 Education and awareness about conservation
is a non-ending process or an ongoing
process that tends to educate and train
master trainers ( Key players ) and masses in
the environmental education with the lasting
impacts as to manage the natural resources
of locality in a sustainable manner.

29. Inventorying and Monitoring of Biodiversity
 Inventorying is the surveying, sorting,
cataloging, quantifying and mapping of entities
such as genes, individuals, populations, species,
habitats, biotopes, ecosystems and land scapes
or their components and the synthesis of
resulting information for the analysis of
processes
 Monitoring consists of repeated inventorying
over time and space and hence it measures
change

30. The biodiversity convention has made significant impact
on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in
Pakistan
A number of other laws do exist relating to conservation
of various components of biodiversity
But all efforts to reverse losses and promote diversity
would be in vain without local participation. The key to
protecting the biological diversity is involving local
communities and obtaining support from relevant
institutions in sustainable use initiatives.
Conclusion

31. References:
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264535686_Evaluation_of_excessive_lifetime
_cancer_risk_due_natural_radioactivity_in_the_rivers_sediments_of_Northern_Pakistan
/figures?lo=1
 http://www.wildlifeofpakistan.com/WildlifeBiodiversityofPakistan/protectedareassystem
ofPakistan.htm
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch
%3Fv%3Djnz2Xq9T0dk&psig=AOvVaw3SnnD95fL0H0kQrR86W7U8&ust=16457348
61213000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjn2tKf1pb2AhUn57sIHT0qC6IQr4
kDegUIARCEAQ
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264535686_Evaluation_of_excessive_lifetime
_cancer_risk_due_natural_radioactivity_in_the_rivers_sediments_of_Northern_Pakistan
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography of Pakistan
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Pakistan
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan