1. ALCOHOL AND COLLEGE STUDENTS
Amanda Morrison
November 8, 2010
H519 Presentation

2. ALCOHOL
 Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is an intoxicating
ingredient found in beer, wine, and liquor.
 Alcohol is produced by the fermentation of yeast,
sugars, and starches.

3. EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY
 Immediate effects:
 Blurred vision
 Slurred speech
 Unintentional injuries – traffic injuries, falls, burns,
drowning, and firearm injuries
 Violence against partner or child
 Risky sexual behaviors
 Miscarriage and stillbirth among pregnant women
 Alcohol poisoning

4. EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY
 Long term effects:
 Alcohol use disorders
 Neurological problems
 Cardiovascular problems
 Psychiatric problems
 Social problems
 Cancer – throat, liver, mouth, esophagus, colon, and
breast
 Liver diseases
 Cirrhosis
 Alcoholic hepatitis
 Gastrointestinal problems

5. ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS
 Alcohol dependence/alcoholism - increased tolerance to
alcohol or symptoms of withdrawal after discontinuing
alcohol ingestion
 Alcohol abuse - disregard his/her responsibilities in
school, at work, or socially
 Alcohol intoxication - experience emotional changes
such as moodiness or irritability
 Alcohol withdrawal - follows the discontinuation of the
heavy use of alcohol (i.e. rapid pulse, sweating, nausea,
vomiting, hallucinations, and seizures)

6. ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IS MOST PREVALENT
AMONG COLLEGE-AGED STUDENTS

8. GLOBAL ALCOHOL STATISTICS
 2 billion people worldwide consume alcoholic
beverages
 76.3 million people worldwide are diagnosed with
alcohol use disorders
 In 2004, 3.8% of deaths are caused by alcohol
consumption, which is 1 in 25 deaths
 6.3% for men and 1.1% for women
 4.6% of Disability-Adjusted Life Years lost

9. ADULT CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL BY
COUNTRY
 Exposure to alcohol—recorded and unrecorded adult consumption by country, WHO 2004

10. DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL GLOBALLY
 Alcohol-attributable deaths as proportion of all deaths by sex and WHO region in 2004, AFR=African
region. AMR=American region. EMR=eastern Mediterranean region. EUR=European region.
SEAR=southeast Asian region. WPR=western Pacific region

11. GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE
 Alcohol-attributable burden of disease in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as proportion of all
DALYs by sex and WHO region in 2004AFR=African region. AMR=American region. EMR=eastern
Mediterranean region. EUR=European region. SEAR=southeast Asian region. WPR=western Pacific
region.

12. PREVALENCE OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS
 1-year prevalence of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) in people aged 15–64 years by sex and WHO region
in 2004, AFR=African region. AMR=American region. EMR=eastern Mediterranean region.
EUR=European region. EurC=eastern European region with proportionally higher adult mortality than
other European parts (most populous country: Russia). SEAR=southeast Asian region. WPR=western
Pacific region.

13. UNITED STATES ALCOHOL STATISTICS
 In 2001, there were >75,000 Alcohol Attributable
Deaths (AADs)
 2.3 million Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) or 30
years of life lost per average AAD
 46% (35,000) deaths were caused by chronic
conditions i.e. cancer, liver cirrhosis
 54% (41,000) deaths were caused by acute
conditions i.e. traffic injuries, alcohol poisoning
 #1 mostly used and abused drug

14. INDIANA ALCOHOL STATISTICS
 Individuals with an alcohol addiction or alcohol
abuse problem over a one year period was
398,000.
 34,000 were between the ages of 12-17 years old
 135,000 were between the ages of 18-25 years old
 230,000 were 26 or older
 Binge alcohol users over a one month period was
1,122,000.
 53,000 were between the ages of 12-17 years old.
 318,000 were between the ages of 18-25 years old.
 751,000 were 26 or older
 Source: 2002-2003 National Survey of Drug Use and Health

15. BAC – BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT
 The concentration of alcohol in a person’s blood
 Euphoria (BAC = 0.03 to 0.12%)
 “life of the party”
 Lethargy (BAC = 0.09 to 0.25%)
 Delayed reactions
 Confusion (BAC = 0.18 to 0.30%)
 Uncontrollable crying
 Stupor (BAC = 0.25 to 0.40%)
 Severe ataxia – loss of muscle movement, unbalanced
 Coma (BAC = 0.35 to 0.50%)
 Unconsciousness, or even death
 Source: Virginia Tech University: www.alcohol.vt.edu

16. STANDARD DRINK SIZE AND ALCOHOL BY
VOLUME

17. COLLEGE DRINKING IN THE U.S.
 Considered a “rite of passage”
 Environmental and social influences create a
culture that promotes alcohol use
 About 4 in 5 college students drink, including 60%
of students 18-20 years old
 Approximately 2 of every 5 college students of all
ages—more than 40 %—have reported engaging in
binge drinking at least once during the past 2
weeks

18. PREVALENCE OF ANNUAL, 30-DAY, AND HEAVY
ALCOHOL USE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

19. TRENDS IN ANNUAL, 30-DAY, HEAVY, AND DAILY
ALCOHOL USE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS 1980
- 1999

20. INDIANA COLLEGE DRINKING STATS
 48% of students in Indiana engaged in binge drinking in the past two weeks
compared to 40% of all U.S. college students
 Gender difference in alcohol consumption
 Males binge drink at a higher rate than females
 Age differences in alcohol consumption
 Students over the age of 21 binge drink more than those under 21
 Alcohol consumption varies according to the type of academic institution
 Students attending 4-year colleges binge drink more than those at 2-year colleges
 44.9% of underage students reported the easiest way to get alcohol was
1. older friends on campus
2. on-campus parties
3. off campus parties
 Source: National data is from the 2008 Monitoring the Future survey, Johnston et al., 2009.
 Source: Indiana data is from the 2009 Indiana College Substance Use Survey

21. WHAT IS BINGE DRINKING?
Binge drinking is defined as “a pattern of
drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) to 0.08 gram percent or
above”.
For the typical adult, this pattern corresponds to consuming 5 drinks or
more (for males) or 4 drinks or more (for females), in about 2 hours
(NIAAA, 2004).

22. WHY IS BINGE DRINKING A SIGNIFICANT PUBLIC HEALTH
PROBLEM?
 Binge drinking is closely associated with alcohol use
disorders (alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence).
 Binge drinking is attributable to:
 assaults
 unintentional injuries
 sexual assaults
 risky sexual behaviors
 death
 Drinking games have become more prevalent:
 Beer pong
 Flippy cup
 Power Hour
 Card games (i.e. Kings, Euchre)

23. OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

24. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ALCOHOL USE IN
COLLEGE STUDENTS
 Personal Factors
 Family influence
 Personality
 Biological traits
 Beliefs about alcohol
 To cope with stress
 Enliven a party
 Relieve boredom
 Social factors
 Fitting in
 Making new friends
 Environmental Factors
 Outlet density and drinking
venues
 Prices of alcohol
 Advertising
 School size
 Location
 Greek systems
 Living in dormitories

25. DRINKS PER WEEK & G.P.A.

26. TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
 Twelve-Step Self-Help Programs
 Alcohol Anonymous
 Psychosocial Therapy
 Motivational Enhancement Therapy
 Couples Therapy
 Brief Interventions
 Pharmacotherapy
 Rehabilitation Programs
 In patient care – 30 day, 60 day, 90 day, etc.

27. ALCOHOL-RELATED NEWS STORIES IN INDIANA
 http://www.bsudailynews.com/iu-student-dies-
saturday-in-ball-state-residence-hall-1.2326124
 Sep. 12, 2010:18 year-old IU student died after a heavy
night of drinking while visiting Ball State University.
 Determined cause of death was asphyxiation after
choking on his own vomit.
 http://www.wthr.com/story/12284658/report-student-
who-drowned-had-alcohol-marijuana-in-system
 March 20, 2010: 18 year-old Purdue University student
died after driving his car into a retention pond after a
party.
 His determined BAC level was 0.19.

28. COLLEGE STUDENTS VS. THEIR NON-COLLEGE
PEERS
 On a yearly, monthly, and weekly basis college
students exceeded their non-college attending
peers in using alcohol
 College students were more likely to be diagnosed
with a alcohol use disorder (abuse or dependence)
 College students were more likely to have
symptoms of dependence and abuse
 18% of college students were more likely to receive
a DSM-IV alcohol abuse diagnosis
 Source: 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

29. BE SMART, DRINK SMART
 Goal: Educate incoming freshman on the
dangers of binge drinking and heavy drinking.
 Objective: Increase the knowledge of incoming
freshman about the dangers of excessive
drinking, alternative activities that do not
include drinking, and drink tips to reduce harm
 Target Population: Incoming freshman living in
dorms at U.S. Universities

30. BE SMART, DRINK SMART
 The program will be given during the one-week
orientation period of incoming freshman college
students
 Timeline: 5 consecutive days/1hour per day
 Day 1: Pre survey and Alcohol 101
 Day 2: Norms and refusal skills
 Day 3: Ways to practice “safe” drinking
 Day 4: Alternatives to drinking
 Day 5: Post survey and Wrap-up
 Requirement for all freshman students

31. BE SMART, DRINK SMART
 Funding: Small fee added into the registration
process to pay for instructor, advertising, and
surveys
 Evaluation:
 Pre and Post test surveys during the one week
orientation period
 Follow-up after the end of their freshman year
 Expected Outcomes:
 Increased knowledge of the dangers of drinking
 Awareness of alternative activities, places to seek help if
needed, and tips to drinking to reduce harm
 Decreased arrests, police infractions,
hospital/emergency room visits, injuries (including
traffic), assaults, and deaths.

32. REFERENCES
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