The document discusses uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). A UPS acts as a backup power source when main power fails by converting incoming AC power to stored DC power and converting that DC power back to AC for connected devices. It consists of a rectifier, inverter, battery, and transfer switch. UPS systems work by charging batteries from the main power supply and powering loads using inverted battery power when main power cuts out. There are different UPS technologies including offline/standby, line interactive, and online/double conversion systems that vary in complexity and backup capabilities. Common UPS applications are in industries, power plants, and hospitals for equipment requiring continuous, reliable power.

2. Uninterruptibl
Power Supply
(UPS)
USP is also called uninterruptable power
source, battery/flywheel backup, or UPS
USP is an electrical equipment that acts
as a source immediately as the main
power gets failed due to any
interruption.
UPS usually stores energy in batteries
and flywheels.

3. Common Causes Of
Power Outages
• Natural: a tree collided with a power line
due to bad weather or a storm.
• Vehicle: a truck or car collided with poles
carrying power lines.
• Animals: one of the probabilities of power
failures is lizards and snakes somehow enter
the power panels and cut off the cables or
become a short path for fault.
• Outdated Equipment: equipment requires
proper maintenance. If not properly
monitored and maintained, then there is a
high chance of power outages due to
equipment failure.

4. Components of
UPS 1.Rectifier: to convert AC into DC
2.Inverter: to convert DC into AC
3.Battery: supplies power when
supplies are cut off
4.Transfer Switch: for transferring load
from main supply to backup supply
capacitor bank, flywheel).

5. How does an
Uninterruptibl
e Power Supply
(UPS) work?
• UPS takes the main AC input and converts it into
DC.
• DC output is used to charge the battery bank.
• The battery power can be used by the load by
switching to the inverter using a transfer switch.

6. Difference
between UPS
and Inverter
• Most people get confused and consider UPS and
inverter as the same equipment.
• UPS is a complex system with having inverter as
one of the components.
• We can use UPS as an inverter by just
disconnecting the main AC input.
• and taking input from the battery but we cannot
use an inverter as UPS.

7. TECHNOLOGIES:
Offline/ Standby
UPS
• It is the simplest UPS, in which power from the battery bank is only
used as a backup.
• It is in normal condition the main supply not only provided power to
load but also used for battery charging but firstly it is converted into
DC through a rectifier.
• In fault condition, the load is transferred to the battery using a
transfer switch, as the load is AC, the power supplied by the battery
is converted into AC using an inverter.

8. TECHNOLOGIES:
Line
Interactive • These types of UPS are used for reducing voltage
fluctuation by using tap changers and have filters
to reduce transient loss.
• It can work for up to 30 minutes by maintaining
the voltages using tap changing transformer.

9. TECHNOLOGIES:
Online / Double
Conversion
• It is known as double conversion due to its characteristic of
converting the main AC input into DC using rectifier.
• Providing that power for the battery to charge and to the inverter
to convert back into AC for the connected load.
• This type of system is expensive and needs good maintenance as
the converter system is used all the time.

10. Applications
of
Uninterruptib
le Power
Supply (UPS):
• Industries: Some of the operations in
industries required continuous
loss in a power outage can cause a
production loss.
• Power Plants: Consist of SCADA and
DCS, for monitoring and operation
These systems require reliable power
UPS system integrated with them.
• Hospitals: Consist of life-saving
machines that require UPS for
power. They also play a crucial role
care units