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1. What is an Academic
Institution
Any degree-granting institution that is dedicated to research and education is
generally considered an academic institution. Such institutions range from
primary and secondary schools to post-secondary schools such as colleges and
universities, and they are generally populated with a body of faculty who guide
students through research and degree acquisition. An academic institution can
providea broad education of a variety of subjects or be subject-specific and
cater to only one field of study.
The first academic institution a child will attend is the primary school, at which
basic concepts suchas reading and introductory mathematics are taught.
Primary schools, also known as elementary schools, can be broken down by
grades; for example, in the United States, many primary schools run from
kindergarten to sixth grade, or from kindergarten to eighth grade. Schools that
run from kindergarten to sixth grade generally funnel the graduates into a
middle school, which encompasses seventh and eighth grades, as well as
sometimes ninth grade.
A
primary school is an academic institutionthat begins with
kindergarten.
Secondaryschools are the next level of academic institution that students will
enter. This is most commonly known as high school, as the grades included in
this level are ninth through twelfth. While the grade levels included in this

2. category range from country to country, a student usually enters this academic
institution between eleven and fifteen years old. The curriculum at the
secondarylevel picks up where the primary level leaves off, and it is usually
considered the last stage of compulsory education.
Academic institution is an educational institution dedicated to education
and research, which grants academic degrees. See also academy and
university…..wikipedia
Academic Institution means an education institution such as a university that has been
established or accredited by a statute or other governmental approval and offers a program
or programs of post-secondary academic education, including but not limited to: lawinsider
.com
nstitutions dedicated to education and research are known as academic
institutions. Academic institutions usually grant academic degrees. The main
types of academic institutions are:
(1)Primary or elementary schools: in primary schools, children receive the first
stage of compulsory education. Usually, children between the ages of four and
twelve attend primary school.
(2)Secondary schools: secondary school is the final stage of compulsory
schooling. A secondary education follows from primary or elementary
education.
(3)Advanced educational institutions or higher education schools: advanced
educational institutions follow after the completion of a secondary education.
Higher education includes undergraduate and postgraduate education.

4. Difference of PrivateandPublicInstitutions
Sources of Funding
The defining difference between public and private institutions is how they are
funded. Public schools are funded mainly by state governments, while private
colleges are supported primarily by their own endowment funds and students’
tuition fees. Private colleges may also receive contributions from individual
donors - perhaps in exchange for getting buildings named after themselves.
(Public colleges also receive donations.)
Cost of Attendance
Another major difference between public and private colleges is the cost of
attendance. Public universities are heavily subsidized by state governments,
which enables them to charge lower tuition rates to students. In-state residents
receive favorable tuition rates at public universities based on the premise that
their tax dollars fund the state governments. Private colleges, on the other hand,
are more expensive because they rely more heavily on students’ tuition payments
to cover their operating expenses. Public colleges and universities are almost
always less costly to attend than private schools.
Availability of Financial Aid
Private colleges and universities may be more costly to attend; however, they
frequently offer more substantial tuition discounts than do public
universities. Both public and private colleges can provide federal financial aid to
students, but private institutions typically have more money available to fund
grants and scholarships. Public universities, which tend to be larger in size, are
better able to offer work-study positions to a greater number of students. While
private colleges are generally more expensive, their ability to offer more attractive
financial aid packages can sometimes make them more affordable than public
universities.
Accreditation
A school can be accredited nationally, regionally, or not at all. Regional
accreditation, which is considered the gold standard of accreditation, is
associated with the highest educational standards. Nearly all public universities
are regionally accredited, while many private colleges are only accredited

5. nationally. Certain private schools, like those with a religious affiliation, may
prefer national accreditation (such as from a church’s accrediting body) over
regional accreditation. For-profit private colleges with no accreditation are
notoriously scandalous and should be avoided.
Religious Affiliation
Public colleges and universities are secular, by law, meaning that they have no
formal affiliation with any religion. Private colleges are not bound by the legal
principle of separation between church and state, and therefore may be
religiously affiliated. Non-secular private colleges do not typically require strict
observance of the school’s religion in order to gain admission, but secular
students may be more comfortable attending a non-religiously affiliated public or
private university.
Size
Public universities are generally bigger than private colleges. The student body
population, campus size, and class sizes are all bigger at public schools. With
many thousands of students enrolled at public universities, class sizes of a couple
hundred are not uncommon. The campus environment at public schools is less
intimate, with professors less likely to know all of their students’
names. However, public university campuses are more likely than those of
private colleges to be well-equipped to meet students’ needs, and may feature
restaurants, movie theaters, or other entertainment options, in addition to
transportation.
Degree Program Offerings
Many private colleges, such as liberal arts colleges, offer only a narrow range of
academic majors from which to choose. Public universities, meanwhile, usually
offer a much wider array of classes and degree programs. Students who are sure
of what they want to study can benefit from attending private institutions that are
well-regarded in their chosen fields, while incoming freshmen who have yet to
choose a major may be better off attending a public university with many available
degree programs.
Athletics & Extracurricular Activities

6. Students for whom athletics are an important part of the college experience may
prefer to attend a public university. The vast majority of Division I athletic teams
are from public schools. In addition, due to their larger size, public colleges and
universities typically offer a wider selection of extracurricular activities than do
smaller private colleges.
Diversity of Student Body
Private and public colleges are diverse in different ways. Private colleges, which
charge the same tuition rates regardless of state residency, tend to attract
students from diverse geographic locations. Public institutions, on the other
hand, tend to be demographically more diverse because the tuition is more
affordable. The diversity of public institutions is additionally enhanced by the wide
range of academic majors available.
Prestige Factor
Lastly, and of debatable importance, the perceived “prestige” of public universities
differs from that of private colleges. Public universities typically place lower in
the college rankings than private schools, and frequently have less selective
admissions criteria. Private colleges may employ more distinguished faculty or
publish influential academic research more often. The quality of education
received at a private institution is not necessarily superior to that which can be
obtained at a public school, but graduates of highly-ranked or “prestigious”
colleges are typically more sought after in the job market. Notably, some public
colleges and universities carry as much prestige as the more exclusive private
schools.

7. A governing body is a group of people that has the authority to
exercise governance over an organization or political entity. The most formal is
a government, a body whose sole responsibility and authority is to make binding
decisions in a taken geopolitical system (such as a state) by establishing laws. Other
types of governing include an organization (such as a corporation recognized as a legal
entity by a government), a socio-political group (chiefdom, tribe, family, religious
denomination, etc.), or another, informal group of people.
In business and outsourcing relationships, governance frameworks are built
into relational contracts that foster long-term collaboration and innovation. A board of
governors is often the governing body of a public institution, while a board of
directors typically serves as the governing body of a corporation or other company
larger or more complex than a partnership. Many professional sports have a sports
governing body that serves as their regulating authority.
Governing bodies can vary widely in size, which is "important not only for acquiring the
necessary range of skills to oversee the entity, but also in promoting cohesion,
flexibility, and effective participation of the members to achieve their governance
objectives".[1] A governing body is only one component of a system of governance,
which also requires a written framework under which the body must operate, and
governance mechanisms to both carry out directives of the governing body, and to
report information back to the governing body.[2]
Contents

o
Definition
Institutional governance is a simplified conceptual framework that can aptly
explain how the behavior of public sector organizations is influenced by
their interaction with those actors taking part to social life, meaning citizens
and institutions.
 his chapter analyses policy priorities and trends on education
governance across participating education systems in terms of the need to refine
formal structures of education systems to streamline decision making, setting
ambitious and measurable goals to steer the system in a coherent direction,
and engaging a greater variety of stakeholders.
 Compared to the other topics analysed in this report, governance-related
priorities were observed in more education systems. The most frequently

8. observed governance-related policy priorities from 2008 to 2019
were: achieving a clear and balanced division of responsibility between
national and local authorities and schools (identified in 32 education
systems); defining national education priorities and goals (identified in 27
education systems); engaging stakeholders in decision making (identified in 24
education systems); and putting in place quality assurance
mechanisms (identified in 20 education systems). Strengthening data collection for
monitoring and accountability was observed less often (identified in 12 education
systems).
 The most frequently observed trends in governance policy
developments between 2008 and 2019 were on policies to refine education
system’s formal structures (by creating agencies and mechanisms for quality
assurance and decentralising decision making) and policies to review education
system’s objectives (through the use of national strategies and plans, and the
modernisation of curricula and qualifications frameworks). Some policies on
stakeholder engagement were collected as well, although to a lesser extent.