مشروع مقدم إلى عمادة المعهد التقني / بابل – قسم المكائن والمعدات كجزء من متطلبات نيل درجة الدبلوم التقني في ميكانيك السيارات

1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/272254791
Using natural fibers for manufacturing of auto
bumpers
RESEARCH · FEBRUARY 2015
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2310.9921
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Ali I. Al-Mosawi
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Retrieved on: 13 July 2015

2. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ‬–‫ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬/‫ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‬–‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﺰﺀ‬‫ﺘﻘ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬
2014‫ﻡ‬1435‫ﻫـ‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻇﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﺭ‬

3. 









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



















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



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


ِِ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ِ
ِ ِ‫م‬ْ‫د‬‫ز‬ ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ْَ‫و‬ً
ََ‫ق‬‫ا‬ِ‫ا‬َ‫ا‬ِ
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬‫ﻃﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬)114(

4. ‫اء‬‫ا‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬............
‫ﲰﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻸﻟﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‬.............
َ
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ‬...........‫ﺇﺧﻮﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ‬

5. ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫واﻟﺜﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫واﻟﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬‫ﻭﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺳـﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻀ‬
‫ﺪه‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺚ‬‫اﻟﺒﺤ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫إﻛﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻷول‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻧﺮﻏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺈﻧﻨ‬
‫إﻣﺘﻨﺎﻧﺎ‬‫ﺳﺘﺎذ‬ُ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺸﺮﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻖ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺪة‬‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻗﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻤ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫إﻛﻤﺎل‬.
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﺷﻜﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻏﺐ‬‫وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮﻧﺎ‬‫ﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﮭﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬–‫ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﮫ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬ ‫إﻛﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬.

6. ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺮﺍﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻯ‬‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ‬/‫ﻭﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ‬ ‫ﺪﺑﻠﻮﻡ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬

7. ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬
i
‫ا‬‫ت‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬iii
1.1‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬1
2.1‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص‬2
3.1‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬2
4.1‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫راﺗﻨﺞ‬3
5.1‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬5
6.1‫ﺗ‬‫ﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ‬6
7.1‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﺪف‬6
8.1‫اﻷدﺑﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬7
1.2‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬8
2.2‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ‬8
3.2‫إ‬‫ﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬9
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬–‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬‫ﻌﻤﻠ‬‫ﻲ‬

8. ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬
ii
1.3‫اﻟﻤﻘــﺪﻣـﺔ‬10
2.3‫اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‬11
3.3‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬11
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬–‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬

9. ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬
iii
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬‫ﺭﺍﺘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ‬‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴـﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒـﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬(Palatel A420)‫ﺒﺄﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴل‬‫ﻭﺒﻨﺴـﺏ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻴـﺔ‬
)20%،40%،60%،80%(‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺘـﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬.

11. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
1
1.1‫ﺍﳌﻘ‬‫ـــــــــ‬‫ﺪﻣ‬‫ـــ‬‫ﺔ‬(Introduction)
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬‫ﻹ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻼك‬‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫ﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﯿ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻣﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬‫ﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺗﺠﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺗﻤﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓﮭ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬‫إﺿ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎوئ‬ ‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺎوزة‬‫ﻣﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫أﻛﺜ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺎدﺗﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ﻖ‬ ‫وطﺮاﺋ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻼل‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫وﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫طﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮاء‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮاﺻ‬
‫ﻨﯿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼ‬.‫ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺮﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺄﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮاة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺎرﺑ‬‫ﻦ‬‫وﻟﻜ‬ ،‫ﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻮث‬‫اﻟﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻷﻛﺜ‬ ‫ﺰ‬‫اﻟﺤﯿ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺮﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫اﻻھﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻮاة‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻮاة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬]1.[
‫ا‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬‫واﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼ‬ ‫ﺰ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿ‬ ‫ﻮر‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻮر‬‫ﺗﺒﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻮاد‬‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫اﻟﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺪور‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺤﺎﺿ‬
‫ﺎت‬‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻌﮭﺎ‬‫وﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎرھ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻓﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻟ‬ ،‫ﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎﻻت‬‫اﻟﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫دﺧﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳ‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ‫ﻮظﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻷداء‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻼءم‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫وإﻧﺸ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮاﻛﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒ‬ ‫ﺪدة‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫اﻷداء‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻠﮭﺎ‬.‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻨﮭﻀ‬ ‫ﻮر‬‫اﻟﺘﻄ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬‫واﺳ‬‫ﺎه‬‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗﺒﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫واﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬
‫ﻜﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸ‬ ٍ‫ﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺎك‬ ‫ھﻨ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻔ‬ ،‫ﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨ‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴ‬
‫ﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻣ‬ ،‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺘﮭ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻮة‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻛﯿ‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻓﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫دواﺋ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺤﻈﯿ‬ ‫ﻮب‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ﻮن‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﯿﺎرات‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫ﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻣ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻮﻟﺘﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫وﺗﺘﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪة‬ ‫وﻋﺎزﻟﺔ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﺎﻻت‬‫اﻟﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوة‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫وأداء‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻒ‬]2.[
‫ﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻮن‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬)‫ﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮات‬‫واﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﺮاﻣﯿﻚ‬‫واﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺎدن‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﻤﻌ‬(‫ﻮد‬‫وﺟ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿ‬ ‫ﺮوف‬ ‫اﻟﻈ‬ ‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وأﯾﻀ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻠﻮك‬ ‫واﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻮﻓﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫وﻧ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﺧ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻷداء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺪﻣﯿﺔ‬.‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤ‬‫ﯿ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻮزن‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﺮات‬‫ﻚ‬‫ﺗﻤﺘﻠ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎز‬‫ﺗﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫وھ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻄﯿﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬‫ﺈ‬‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺤﺮارﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﺎض‬‫ﻧﺨﻔ‬
‫ﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬‫واﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واطﺌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺈﻧﮭ‬ ‫ﺎدن‬‫اﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﮭ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ‬ ،‫وﺣﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﻮازل‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واطﺌ‬ ‫ﺎءة‬‫ﺟﺴ‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬ ،‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬.‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬ ‫واﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻺﺳ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺮوﻧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﺻ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬

12. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
2
‫ﻮ‬‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫وأﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﯿ‬ ‫اص‬
‫ﺮى‬ ‫ﺧ‬ُ‫اﻷ‬.‫ﮫ‬ ‫وزﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫وﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿ‬ ‫إن‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﻲ‬]3.[
2.1‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬(Composites Properties)
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻮاﺻ‬
‫ﺮوف‬‫واﻟﻈ‬ ‫ﺮارة‬‫ﻟﻠﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮭ‬ ‫ﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻺﺳ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫وﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﺮوﻧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿ‬
‫ﺮى‬ ‫ﺧ‬ُ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﯿ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھ‬ ‫ﻤﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬ ‫وأﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿ‬.‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿ‬ ‫إن‬
‫وﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌ‬ ‫وزﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﯿ‬ ‫ﻮى‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬
]4[.‫ﻮات‬‫اﻟﺤﺸ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻠﺪﻧﺎت‬.
3.1‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬(Impact Strength)
‫ﻌﺒﺮ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬ ، ‫ﺎﺟﺊ‬‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺳ‬
‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫أﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪي‬‫ﺗﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻷﻛﺜ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧ‬.‫ﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜ‬
‫أو‬ ‫ﺪﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬‫إﺿ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺎدﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗ‬ ‫ﺎط‬‫ﻣﻄ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﻨﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺑﺈﺿ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮاﺗﻨﺠﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﺮاﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺮﯾ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ھ‬
‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾ‬]5[.‫ﺰز‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﻮذج‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬)Notch-BarTest(‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫أو‬
)Impact Test(‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺒﯿﺔ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬‫ﺎر‬‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺮوف‬‫ظ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬،
‫ﺰود‬ ‫آﯾ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫وإﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺎرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺎرات‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﻣ‬.‫ﻮذج‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺰز‬‫ﮫ‬‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻔﯿﻦ‬.‫ﺮف‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﯾﻜ‬
)V(‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫أو‬)U(‫اﻟﺤﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬.‫ﻢ‬‫رﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)1-1(
‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻣ‬ ‫ﺎرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺮاء‬ ‫إﺟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿ‬‫ﻢ‬ ‫رﻗ‬ ‫ﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬)2-1(‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻮﺿ‬
‫اﻹﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬‫ﺘﺒﺎر‬.

13. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
3
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)1-1:(‫ﺷﺎرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)2-1(:‫ﺷﺎرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬
4.1‫ﺭﺍﺗﻨ‬‫ﺃﺳﱰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﱄ‬ ‫ﺞ‬(Polyester Resin)
‫ﺿﻤﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫راﺗﻨﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﻣﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻠﺪة‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠ‬ ‫ﻠﺒﺔ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﻋﺎدة‬ ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺠﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ط‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺳﻼﺳ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻟﺘﻜ‬‫ﺎﺑﻜﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻤﻰ‬‫ﯾﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫وھ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﻀ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻜﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﯾﻠ‬)Cross
Linking(.‫ﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺎض‬ ‫أﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫راﺗﻨﺠ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﺴ‬

14. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
4
)Dibasic Acids(‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ‬Isophthalic)،Orthophthalic،Terephthalic(‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺪروﺟﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﮭﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻛﺤﻮﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎض‬‫اﻷﺣﻤ‬Ethylene Glycol)،(Propylene Glycol
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ﺬ‬ُ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬)Styrene. (
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﯾﺘﺤﻤ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫ﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﯾ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬‫ﺑﺨ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻨﺞ‬‫راﺗ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺼ‬)260ºC(‫ﺎز‬‫وﯾﻤﺘ‬
‫ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﺎزة‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎوم‬ ‫وﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﻼح‬ ‫واﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺎض‬ ‫واﻷﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛ‬
‫ﻌﻒ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫وﻟﻜﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿ‬ ‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮات‬‫واﻟﺘ‬‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﮭﺸﺎﺷ‬]7.[‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫راﺗﻨﺠ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺗﺴ‬
‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫،و‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﯿ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺪى‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬
‫ﺎش‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻮدة‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬‫ﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺿ‬)Differential Shrinkage(‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫إﻧﺘﻈ‬ ‫ﺪم‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺴ‬ ‫ﺬي‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬
‫ﯿﺎرات‬‫واﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺮات‬‫اﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫أﺟﺴ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫وﻣﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ھﯿﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫،وﺗﻀﺎف‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬.
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯿ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻔﻜﻜ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬)Spontaneous Decomposition(‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺣﺮارة‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎرب‬(300ºC)‫اﻷوﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺸﻈﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬)Fragment(‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬]8.[‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬)1-1(‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﺨﻮاص‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬‫،و‬‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)1-3(‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ‬‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫أﺳﺘ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬[9].
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬)1-1(:‫اﻟ‬‫ﺨﻮاص‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫ﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬[9]
Mechanical Properties
Property Value
Conditions
State ASTM
Flexural Modulus(Mpa) 1449-1932 23Cº
D790
Tensile Strength(Mpa) 34-43 At break D638
Flexural strength(Mpa)at yield or break 49-60 - D790
Elongation at Break(%) 150-300 - D638
Hardness 101-115 Rockwell D638
Izod Impact No break - D256A

15. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
5
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)1-3(:‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬‫ﺋ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻲ‬[9]
5.1‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬)Palms Fibers(
‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬)Palms Fibers(‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻠﻮزﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬،‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻜﻮز‬ ‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫واﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﻠﻮز‬
‫ﺧﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻼﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬)‫إﻧﻈﺮ‬‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)1-4((.ً‫ا‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮاق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﮫ‬.‫ﺿﻤﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻠﻮزﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺠﯿﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺧﻮاﺻﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻔﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ،]9.[
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)1-4(:‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﻠﻮز‬‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮن‬

16. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
6
6.1‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮة‬ ‫أدرج‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬1969‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬‫ﻛﺄﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺮ‬
‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎھﯿﻢ‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺸﺮت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫،ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬]10[.‫اﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮا‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬‫ﻣﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﻷي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺐ‬
‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻤﻮي‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺮﺧﯿﺺ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬ ‫إن‬
‫وﻣﻮاردھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎن‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺪى‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﮭﺪف‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎن‬ ‫ھﻮ‬)‫وإﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫،إﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫إﯾﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬] (11[.
‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫إرﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮارد‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺤﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮازن‬ ‫وﺗﺘﺨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎھﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬]12[.
‫ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫،ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻓﺎھﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺮورة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫وإذا‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾﻢ‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪرات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮازن‬ ‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫وﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫وطﺎﻗﺔ‬]13[.
7.1‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬(Aim of Study)
1-‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﺷﺠﺎر‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫راﺗﻨﺞ‬‫ﺒﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬‫أﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻊ‬‫ﻟﺘﺼ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪات‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫آﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬.
2-‫ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬‫ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬.
3-‫دراﺳﺔ‬‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬‫ﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬.

17. ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
7
8.1‫ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬(Literatures Review)
‫ﺎﺣﺜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫ﻗ‬(Dorey , Sidey and Hutchings)‫ﻮاد‬‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪراﺳ‬
‫ﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻮاة‬ ‫ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬/‫ﯿﻔﻼر‬ ‫ﻛ‬)49] (14.[‫ﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻣ‬(Ali)‫ﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘ‬
‫ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻼدة‬ ‫واﻟﺼ‬ ، ‫ﺎء‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺜﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬
‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﺒﻜﺴ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﺞ‬ ‫راﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬‫ا‬(EP-10)‫ﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﯿﻔﻼر‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘ‬
‫اﻹﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ظﻔﺎﺋﺮ‬)°45-°0] (4.[‫ﺎﺣﺜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻛ‬(Abbas, Ali, Sajed)‫ﺬﯾﻦ‬‫واﻟ‬
‫ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾ‬ ‫ﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮا‬‫درﺳ‬
‫ﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﺞ‬ ‫راﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬‫ﺘﺮا‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻜﺴ‬(EP-10)‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺎه‬‫اﻹﺗﺠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﯿ‬(45º-0º)‫ﻮع‬‫ﻧ‬(S)]15.[‫ﺎﺣﺜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻣ‬(Kiichi, Hiroshi, Joji,
Masahiro, Satoshi, Hajime and Atsushi)‫ﺎس‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻮا‬‫درﺳ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻓﻘ‬
‫اﻹﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬/‫أﻛﺮﯾﻠﯿﺖ‬]16.[‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤـﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬(Ali)‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬‫اﻟﺨ‬‫ﻤﻠﺖ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫واﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﯿ‬
‫ﻨﺞ‬ ‫راﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻼدة‬ ‫واﻟﺼ‬ ، ‫ﺎء‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺜﻨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬
‫اﻹﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫وأﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﻼر‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻮى‬[17].

18. 7

19. ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
8
1.2‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﻮﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
ُ
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬:
1-‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫راﺗﻨﺞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬(Palatel A420).
‫ﻣﺜﯿ‬ ‫ﯿﺪ‬‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻛﺴ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺑﺈﺿ‬ ‫ﺮاﺗﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ھ‬ ‫ُﺼﻠﺪ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﻮن‬‫ﻛﯿﺘ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫أﺛﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬(MEKP)‫ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫إﻟﯿ‬)2.(%
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﮭﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬(Saudi International Resin .Ltd (SIR)).
2-‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺎف‬(Natural Palms Fibers).
‫ﻮق‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺮﯾﻀﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﻮض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺸﻮر‬ ‫ﻹزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﺘﺼﺎق‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬.
2.2‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﻀﲑ‬(Test Specimens Preparation)
‫ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺪوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬،‫ﺐ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻤﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﻤﺎن‬‫ﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﺲ‬‫ﻣﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﻮل‬‫اﻟﻜﺤ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻓﻨﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﺑﻤ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺰع‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔ‬‫أو‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴ‬ ‫ﺪون‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮاة‬‫اﻟﻤﻘ‬
‫ﺧﺪش‬.‫ﺎم‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻌ‬ ‫ﻤﺎن‬‫ﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺎة‬‫ﺑﻔﺮﺷ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻘﯿ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫وھﻜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭ‬ ‫ﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮى‬ ‫أﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻀ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺎدة‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﻚ‬.
‫ﺗ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺘﺮك‬‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬(24)‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻊ‬‫وﺗﻮﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺣﺮارﺗﮫ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(75ºC)‫ﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻹﻛﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺪة‬.‫ﻨﯿﻊ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬‫أ‬‫ﺔ‬‫رﺑﻌ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻄ‬ِ‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻮذج‬‫ﻧﻤ‬‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫ﻹﺧﺘﺒ‬‫ﻲ‬‫واﻟﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠ‬‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﺎف‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬‫وﻧﺴ‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬)2-2. (
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬)1-2:(‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬)‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬(‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬%80604020
‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬%20406080

20. ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
9
A
E
R 
3.2‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬(Impact Test)
‫ﺎرﺑﻲ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬ُ‫أ‬(Charpy Impact Instrument)‫ُف‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‬
‫ﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﺪى‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬.‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺎذج‬ ‫ﻧﻤ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻ‬‫ﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳ‬(ASTM- E23)‫ﺎرﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﮭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺺ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤ‬
(Charpy Impact).
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬(0.5 mm)‫اﻟﺤﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻒ‬(0.25 mm)‫ﺣﺰ‬ ‫وﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ‬)°45. (
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)2-1(‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ‬‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬:
‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬:
R=‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬(kj/m2
).
E=‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻐﻞ‬.
A=‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬(mm2
).
55 mm
5mm
10 mm
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)2-1: (‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬

22. ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
10
1.3‫ﺍﳌﻘ‬‫ـــــــــ‬‫ﺪﻣ‬‫ـــ‬‫ﺔ‬(Introduction)
‫ﺐ‬‫ﯾﺠ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﯿ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ھﻜﺬا‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﺆدي‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬‫ﺎءة‬‫ﺑﻜﻔ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬.‫ﺎرات‬‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﻼل‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬
‫ﻨﺞ‬ ‫راﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾ‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬‫ﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬(Palatel A420)‫ﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺄﻟﯿ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬‫ﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺞ‬‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻢ‬‫رﻗ‬ ‫ﻜﻞ‬‫اﻟﺸ‬)3-1(‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺬي‬‫واﻟ‬‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤﺜ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫ﻟﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﺗﻨﺞ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﺒﻘﯿ‬ ‫ﻮة‬‫إﺳ‬
،‫اﻟﮭﺸﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺘ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﺒﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﺴ‬)20(%‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿ‬ ‫ﺎف‬‫أﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺰداد‬‫ﺗ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻷﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﺰء‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﺘﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮف‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫وﯾﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪم‬ ‫طﺎﻗﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ُﺤﺴﻦ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﺰداد‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫وھﻜﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬)40(%‫و‬)60(%‫ﻖ‬‫ﯾﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫وھ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺣﺚ‬(Ali)]17[.‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫أﯾﻀ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬‫ﺗﻨﺨﻔ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺾ‬)80(%‫ﺎف‬‫اﻷﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮن‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬(Wetability).
‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬)3-1(:‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫ﺑﺄﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ‬
Reinforcing Percentage (%)
ImpactStrength(Kj/m2
)

23. ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
11
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺮﯾﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫إن‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺪﺳﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮث‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ‬
‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫واﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ھﺬه‬
‫آﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﮭﻜﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ ‫رﻓﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬.
2.3‫ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬)Conclusions(
‫ﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮوج‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ل‬:
1-‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫إﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟﺭﺍﺘﻨﺞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﮫ‬‫اﻟﮭﺸﺔ‬.
2-‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫ُﻦ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟـﺭﺍﺘﻨﺞ‬‫ﺒﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒ‬‫ﺎف‬‫ﺑﺄﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺘ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﺨﯿ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺰداد‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ة‬‫إﻟﯿﮫ‬.
3-‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬)60(%‫ﮫ‬‫ﻷﻧ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬.
4-‫ﺘﻔﺎدة‬‫اﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﻼل‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫اﻷﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﺒﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬.
5-‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻮاة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬.
3.3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬)Recommendations(
1-‫إﺟﺮاء‬‫ﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻼدة‬‫واﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻐﺎط‬‫اﻹﻧﻀ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺮى‬‫أﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫ﺎرات‬‫إﺧﺘﺒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬.
2-‫إﺟﺮاء‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺮاﺗﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬.

25. ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬
12
1- Michel Biron “ Thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites ” , 1st
Edition , Elsevier , 2007 .
2-Autar K. Kaw “Mechanics of composite materials” , 2nd
Edition ,
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC , 2006.
3- P.K. Mallick “Fiber-reinforced composites: materials, manufacturing,
and design”, 3rd
Edition , CRC Press, Nov , 2007 .
4- Ali I.Al-Mosawi “Study of some mechanical properties for polymeric
composite material reinforced by fibers ” , Journal of Al-Qadisiya for
Engineering Sciences , 2(1) ,pp.14 – 24 , 2009 .
5-‫ﺣﻠﯿﻢ‬ ‫ھﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬”‫اﻟﻤﻘﺴﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺪاﺋﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬“‫ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ،،
1999.
6-‫رﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﻞ‬“‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫و‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬‫ﺔ‬‫ھﺠﯿﻨ‬”‫ﺎﻟﺔ‬‫رﺳ‬ ،
‫ھﻨﺪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ‬، ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ، ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺔ‬1995.
7- Abbas A. Al-Jeebory, Ali I.Al-Mosawi “Difference fibers
reinforcement percentage and its effect on mechanical properties of
thermosetting resins” , Al-Qadisiya Journal For Engineering Science
,Special Issue, 2nd
Conference of Engineering College , Al-Qadisiya
University ,19-20 October , 2009.
8-efunda Engineering Fundamentals “Polymer Material Properties”
,2001. (www.efunda.com).
9- Ali I.Al-Mosawi “Properties of Composite Materials databook” , LAP
LAMBERT Academic Publishing ,2012.
10-‫د‬.‫،أ‬ ‫ﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫أوﺳ‬.‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﯿ‬ ‫ﺮاوة‬ ‫ﻣﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﻼﻟ‬ ‫ﺎج‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬”‫ﺎرﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿ‬ ‫ﺪوى‬ ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳ‬
‫اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬“،‫،اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬ ‫إﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬7،2007‫ص‬ ،329-354.
12

26. ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬
13
11-‫ﺪ‬ ‫أﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﮭ‬ ‫آدم‬”‫ﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺪوى‬ ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺪﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬“،‫ﻜﻨﺪرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺪار‬ ‫اﻟ‬-
، ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬2001‫ص‬ ،7.
12-‫ﻋ‬‫ﻂ‬‫زﻧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫أﺑ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫أﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺪة‬ ، ‫ﻏﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺎن‬”‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻄﮭ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫وأﺳ‬ ‫ﻔﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿ‬
‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﮭﺎ‬ ‫وأدوات‬“،‫،ﻋﻤﺎن‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎء‬ ‫دار‬-، ‫اﻷردن‬2007.
13-‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻺدارة‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑ‬ ‫ﺆﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫أوراق‬”‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﺎدي‬ ‫اﻹﻗﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬–‫وأﺛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬‫ﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮھ‬“،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤ‬ ‫ﺆﺗﻤﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫أﻋﻤ‬
، ‫،ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬2007.
14- G.Dorey ,G.R.Sidey and J.Hutchings “Impact Properties of Carbon
Fiber/ Kevlar 49 Fiber Hybrid Composites” , Composites , 9, pp.25-32
, 1978.
15- Abbas A. Al-Jeebory, Ali I. Al-Mosawi, Sajed A.Abdul Allah “Effect
of percentage of Fibers Reinforcement on Thermal and Mechanical
Properties for Polymeric Composite Material ” , Iraqi Journal of
Mechanical and Materials Engineering , Special Issue , First
Conference of Engineering College , Babylon University , 2009 .
16-Kiichi Hasegawa, Hiroshi Hirano, Joji Kadota, Masahiro ABE,
Satoshi Matsuda, Hajime Kishi and Atsushi Murakami. “Properties of
GFRP Using Matrix Resin of Epoxy/ Acrylate Interpenetrating
Polymer Network” , Journal of the Society of Materials Science,
54(4), pp.447 – 452 , 2009.
17- Ali I.Al-Mosawi “Mechanical Properties of Plants - Synthetic Hybrid
Fibers Composites” , Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, 1(3) ,
pp.22 – 25 , 2012 .
13