The document discusses key concepts and principles of good governance. It defines governance as the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country's resources. Some key qualities and principles of good governance discussed include: economic liberalism, political pluralism, social development, administrative accountability, participation, devolution, non-discrimination, transparency, rule of law, effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, and consensus-building. Good governance promotes values for the public, manages resources without abuse or corruption, and regards the rule of law.

1. THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE
David N. Almarez
PA 241

2. 2
DEFINING GOVERNANCE
The manner in which power is exercised in the
management of a country’s economic and social
resources for development
World Bank
The exercise of economic, political and administrative
authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels …
equitable, rule of law, with consensus
UNDP

3. 3
QUALITIES OF GOVERNMENT
Economic liberalism: private ownership,
investment, equity
Political pluralism: democracy, participation,
decentralisation
Social development: human rights, law, judiciary,
press
Administrative accountability: more
transparency, less corruption
aimed at economy, efficiency, effectiveness

4. 4
MORE QUALITIES (Private Sector)
Deregulation to remove restrictions, but
ensure compliance with agreed codes
Reduction of monopolies and cartels where
corrupt benefits are increased by reducing
supplies; and,
Increase in competition and ownership where
profits are increased by supplying more and
better goods, services

5. 5
QUANTITIES OF GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC SECTOR:
Less Government (economic necessity), liberate economy,
sell parastatals
reduce bureaucracy, contract work out
But more (to meet social and technological needs) fight
drugs, terrorism, money-laundering, regulate
information, protect environment
And continued Government for security, defence, health,
education, employment, etc...

6. Ethics and Good Governance 6
PRIORITIES OF GOVERNANCE
Concern of governments, donors, ‘CSOs’, with Better
goals or ‘ends’
Development, Economic growth
Democracy, participation (or ‘keeping people happy’)
Non-discrimination, fairness; poverty alleviation
Choosing means or techniques
Transparency and accountability; competition
Measures combining means and ends
Partnerships (public-private, civil society)
Devolution; decentralisation; co-operation

7. 7
PARTICIPATION
Encourage Participation
Aim at involvement, partnership
Identify stakeholders, involve end users
Inform them; give them voice; consult
But locate ownership and responsibility, with
somebody held to account
Seek co-operation for mutual benefit
But take care with ‘co-ordination’ where co-
coordinators may seize
power, and bureaucracy cause delays

8. 8
DEVOLUTION
Modern societies are centralised, with power
exercised by an educated and equipped elite
BUT the people want more say as they get more
educated and informed
AND managers need more support from more
specialised staff
HENCE we find pressures to devolve, decentralise,
delegate, empower
AND need to strengthen core values

9. 9
NON-DISCRIMINATION
In providing the services of Government
No favours for the rich and powerful
No prejudice against people on basis of
politics, race, creed
In appointing and promoting staff
Have clear (transparent) criteria of merit and
representation of different groups

10. Good governance: definition
Governance: process of decision-making
and the process by which decisions are
implemented (or not implemented).

11. Good governance
Hereby, public institutions conduct public
affairs, manage public resources, and
guarantee the realization of human rights.
Good governance accomplishes this in a
manner essentially free of abuse and
corruption, and with due regard for the rule of
law

12. Good
governance
Openess
Participati
on
Responsibil
ity
Effectiven
ess

13. 6
Principles
of
Good
Governance

14. Principles of Good
Governance
1. Good governance means focusing on the
organisation’s purpose and on outcomes for citizens
and users
Governing body should make sure there is a clear
statement of the organisation’s purpose
Governing body should decide how value for money is
measured
2. Good governance means performing effectively in
clearly defined functions and roles
Governing body should set out clearly its approach to
performing each of the functions of governance
Governing body should clarify that all its members have
collective responsibility for decisions and have equal

15. Principles of Good Governance
3. Good governance means promoting values for
the whole organisation and demonstrating the
values of good governance through behaviour
Governing body should take the lead in
establishing and promoting values for the
organisation and its staff
Governors should live up to approved codes or
guides to ethical conduct for their organisation
4. Good governance means taking informed,
transparent decisions and managing risk
Governing body should draw up formal statement
that specifies the types of decisions that are
delegated to executive and which are reserved

16. Principles of Good Governance
5. Good governance means developing the capacity
and capability of the governing body to be effective
Governing body should assess the skills of governors
need to fulfil their functions
New governors should receive a thorough induction
and ongoing training
6. Good governance means engaging stakeholders and
making accountability real
Governing Body should make clear, to itself and staff,
to whom it is accountable and what
Governing body should make it clear that the
organisation as a whole seeks feedback and enters

17. Characteristics of good
governance

18. Participation
Participation by both men and
women - a key cornerstone of good
governance.
Participation: direct or through
legitimate intermediate
institutions or representatives.

19. Participation
Participation: informed and organized.
Freedom of association and
expression; an organized civil society

20. Rule of
law
Good governance requires fair legal
frameworks that are enforced impartially. It
also requires full protection of human rights,
particularly those of minorities. Impartial
enforcement of laws requires an
independent judiciary and an impartial and
incorruptible police force.

21. Transparen
cy
Decisions taken and their enforcement
done in a manner that follows rules and
regulations.

22. Transparen
cy
Information is freely available and directly
accessible to those who will be affected by
such decisions and their enforcement.
Enough information provided; it is provided
in easily understandable forms and media.

23. Responsiven
ess
Good governance requires that institutions
and processes try to serve all stakeholders
within a reasonable timeframe.

24. Consensus
oriented
Good governance requires mediation of the
different interests in society to reach a
broad consensus in society on what is in the
best interest of the whole community and
how this can be achieved.

25. Good
governance
It also requires a broad and long-term
perspective on what is needed for
sustainable human development and how to
achieve the goals of such development.
This can only result from an understanding
of the historical, cultural and social
contexts of a given society or community

26. Equity and
inclusiveness
A society’s well-being depends on ensuring
that all its members feel that they have a
stake in it and do not feel excluded from the
mainstream of society.

27. Equity and
inclusiveness
This requires all groups, but
particularly the most vulnerable, have
opportunities to improve or maintain
their well-being.

28. Efectiveness and
efficiency
Good governance means that processes and
institutions produce results that meet the
needs of society while making the best use of
resources at their disposal.

29. Efectiveness and
efficiency
The concept of efficiency in the context of
good governance also covers the
sustainable use of natural resources and
the protection of the environment.

30. Accountabil
ity
Accountability - key requirement of good
governance.
Not only governmental institutions but
also the private sector and civil society
organizations must be accountable to the
public and to their institutional
stakeholders.

31. Accountability
An organization or an institution is
accountable to those who will be affected by
its decisions or actions. Accountability cannot
be enforced without transparency and the
rule of law.

32. Focu
s
The role of citizens and civil society
Transparency
Legitimacy
Efficiency
Human rights
The rule of law
Better quality of public services
Modern information and
communication technologies
Better human resources management

33. Citizens
Partners who contribute to results of activities
in public administration
Should be informed and consulted
Participate in the creation of public policies
and administrative and other public processes