2. Biopharmaceutics
• Biopharmaceutics: can be defined as the study of
how the physicochemical properties of drug and
route of administration affect the rate and extent of
drug absorption .
• Bioavailability: is defined as the rate and extent
(amount) of drug absorption .
3. Pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetic: the study of time course of drug ,
Absorption , Distribution , metabolism and Elimination
(ADME) and their relationship with therapeutic and toxic
effect of the drug
“ what the body does to the drug “
• Pharmacodynamics: the study of mechanism of action
of drugs on the body .
“ what the drug does to the body “
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8. • Clinical Pharmacokinetics: the use of
pharmacokinetic principle in optimizing the
drug dosage to suit individual patient needs .
9. Definitions
• Absorption: the process of movement of drug from
its site of administration to the systemic circulation .
• Distribution: the movement of drug between the
systemic circulation to the extravascular tissue .
• Elimination: the process that tend to remove the
drug from the body and terminate its action .
• Disposition: its Distribution and Elimination .
10. • Minimum effective concentration ( MEC ): the
minimum concentration of drug need to produce the
desired pharmacologic effect .
• Minimum toxic concentration ( MTC ): the
drug concentration that produce toxic effect .
• Absorption window: it’s the amount of drug
absorbed systemically ( the drug conc in this area it
will be effective and outside this area it will be toxic).
11. • AUC: area under curve “ it’s conc between
MEC and MTC “ .
• C max: it’s the maximum plasma drug
concentration .
• T max: it’s the time required to achieve a
maximum plasma concentration .
• Onset of time: the time required to for drug
to reach the MEC .
