this is presentation about silicon and germanium

2. PRESENTED BY
HANNAN KEERIO
18CH25

3. Silicon is the most abundant element in Earth's
crust after oxygen. It is found in rocks, sand,
clays and soils, combined with either oxygen as
silicon dioxide, or with oxygen and other
elements as silicates. Silicon's compounds are
also found in water, in the atmosphere, in many
plants, and even in certain animals.

4. Pure silicon is a dark gray solid with the
same crystalline structure as diamond chemical
and physical properties are similar to this material
it has melting point of 1410° c and boiling point of
2355 °c

5. When silicon is heated it reacts with the halogens (fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine) to form halides.it react with
with certain metals to form silicides and when heated in an
electric furnace with carbon a wear resistant ceramic called
as silicon carbiade is produced hydrofloric acid is only acid
that effects silicon

6. Our computers and electronic device
Our cars
Personal materials such as cosmatic and detergents
Some food related iteams

7. Minerals that include silicon are
Granite
Fieldspar
Clay
Mica
Asbestos

9. 1 The letter Germanium is derived from
Germania which is taken from
Germany
2 It was discovered by the Clemens
Winkler in 1886
3 This element was also predicated by
Dimtri Dendleev in 1871 but it was called as
eka silicon.

10. COLOUR : Gray white metallic with crystalline structure
STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE solid
MELTING POINT : 1210.6 k (938 degrees Celsius)
BOLING POINT : 3103K
(2830 degrees Celsius)
DENSITY :5.32 g/cm3

11. • Atomic Number: 32
• Number of Protons: 32
• Number of Electrons: 32
• Number of Neutrons: 41
• Atomic mass 72.64 u

12. • Germanium are transparent to the infrared
and are used in infrared spectroscopes and
other optical equipment.

13. • Most common is as a semiconductor, it being
a metalloid it is very useful as a conductor.
• Also use in wide- angle camera lenses,
microscope objectives, and as an catalyst.