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Similar to LOUGHLIN Alejandra _ Save the Children-US _ Guidelines for early recovery - Pakistan 2005
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LOUGHLIN Alejandra _ Save the Children-US _ Guidelines for early recovery - Pakistan 2005
- 1. GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SHELTER CONSTRUCTION IN ALLAI BY SAVE THE CHILDREN-USA Arch. Alejandra Loughlin 14-January-2006 Notes: The photographs included in this document has being taken on the field (Banna, Allai) between 7 and 8 of January 2006
- 2. STRUCTURE VERTICAL LOADS •Roof •Snow OVERLAPPING HORIZONTAL LOADS •Wind •Earthquake BRACING JOINING WITH TENONS AND MORTICE WOOD-TO-WOOD METALLIC CONNECTORS/WIRE
- 3. STRUCTURE VERTICAL LOADS HORIZONTAL LOADS
- 4. EARTHQUAKE
- 6. EARTHQUAKE: HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT BRACING A FRAME (triangle): Rigid shape
- 7. SKETCH
- 8. BRACING BAD: (NO bracing)
- 9. BRACING GOOD
- 10. ROOF
- 11. WOODEN JOININGS: TENON AND MORTICE OPTION 1 OPTION 2
- 12. WOODEN JOININGS: TENON AND MORTICE
- 13. JOINING: RIDGE BEAM-RAFTER-KING POST BAD UP GOOD SUPPLY BAD GOOD BESIDE: BAD BESIDE: BAD NO METALLIC CONNECTOR: BAD
- 14. JOINING: RIDGE BEAM-RAFTER-KING POST GOOD BUT NOT ENOUGH: LACK OF METALLIC CONECTORS GOOD OPTION A OPTION B
- 19. TIMBER JOININGS: COLUMN-BEAM BAD GOOD
- 20. TIMBER JOININGS: COLUMN-BEAM Wood-to-Wood metallic connectors
- 21. TIMBER JOINING: BEAM-BEAM BAD GOOD
- 24. JOINING: 2 PIECES OF 1 RAFTER BAD GOOD
- 25. TIMBER JOINING: 2 BEAMS BAD BETTER BUT NOT ENOUGH THE BEST
- 26. JOINING: BEAM AND RAFTER BAD
- 28. ROOF: KNEE WALL AND STRUT BAD
- 29. ROOF: KNEE WALL AND STRUT GOOD BUT NOT ENOUGH THE BEST
- 30. JOINING: TENON AND MORTICE BAD CONNECTOR VERY WEAK OVERLAPPING TOO MANY SMALL PEACES VERY WEAK UNNECESSARY WIRE TOO WEAK BEAMS WITHOUT OVERLAPPING OR TENON AND MORTICE
- 32. KIND OF ROOFS BAD STONE ON TOP: TOO HEAVY!!!! WOOD AND MUD WITH STRAW: TOO HEAVY!!!
- 33. CEILINGS: PROVIDE INSULATION GOOD Ceiling: good Wood: bad destroy forests Ceiling: good Plywood: very good Cloth: good Danger: can became wet Lost of insulation Straw: very good BE CAREFULL WITH STOVES AND FIRE : ALL THESE MATERIALS ARE FLAMABLE
- 34. WALLS OUTSIDE WATERPROOF And Avoid wind came in •Plastic Bags •Tarpaulins •CGI •Wood covered with mud •Wooven walls with mud •Stone (with cement mortar or wire mesh)
- 35. WALLS BAD STONE WALL < 90 cm height CLOTH OUTSIDE BECOME WET LOST INSULATION Wall too big without any column Wall without beam over the stone Wall without cement mortar or wire mesh
- 36. WALLS INSIDE THERMAL INSULATION •Wood •Cloth METAL WALL NEAR FIREPLACES MUD + WOOD OUTSIDE INSIDE
- 37. STONE WALLS BAD •VERY HIGH •WITHOUT MORTAR •WITHOUT WOODEN LINTEL •WITHOUT WIRE MESH •WITHOUT IRON BARS INSIDE •WITHOUT WOODEN BEAM ON TOP
- 38. WOVEN WALL BAD WITHOUT WOODEN LINTEL BAND LOOSE
- 39. STONE WALLS NO ROUND STONES SHAPE WITH CHIESEL AND HAMMER CEMENT MORTAR AT LEAST 1:3 CEMENT SAND
- 40. OPPENINGS BAD •Lintel very short •Stone wall higher than 90 cm without mortar VERY SHORT
- 41. FOUNDATIONS BAD SECTION REDUCED LACK OF SOIL COMPACTION HOLES
- 42. LOCATION BAD CLOSE TO A TREE THE TREE CAN FELL DOWN OVER THE HOUSE ROOTS OF THE TREE THE COLUMN CAN’T BE DEEP ENOUGH