Polymers Presented by Mr. Akash vikal M.pharm (pharmaceutics)

1. POLYMERS
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2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Classification of Polymer
• Characteristics of polymer
• Application
• References
Advantages & disadvantages
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3. INTRODUCTION
• The word POLYMER comes from two Greek words POLY means many MER means
parts.
• Polymers are very large molecules made when hundreds of monomers join together to
form long chains.
• All plasticsare polymers , but not all polymers are plastics.
Monomer: A molecule of any of classof compounds, mostly organic, that can
react with other molecule to form a large molecules or polymer.
The process of polymer formation by joining the monomers is called
polymerization.
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4. 4
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5. 1. Based on origin of source
A :- Natural : polymers which are isolatedfrom natural materials are called
as natural polymers.
E.g. : cellulose,resins, rubber, albumin.
B :- synthetic: polymers which are synthesizedfrom low molecularweight
compounds are called as syntheticpolymers.
E.g. : nylon, polystyrene, neoprene.
C :- semi-synthetic: these polymers mostly derived from naturally occurring
polymers by chemicalmodification.
E.g. : gelatin,polylactic acid,polyglycolic acid, HPMC, polyacrylamide.
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6. 2. Based on solubility
A. Water soluble.
E.g. : cellulosederivative,xanthan gum, polyvinylalcohol
B. Water insoluble.
E.g. : Ethyl cellulose,polydimethyl, polyvinyl acetate.
3. Based on structure
A. Linearpolymer : Moleculesform long chain without branches.
E.g. : polyester, polyethylene, pvc
B. Chain polymer : : Moleculeshaving branch points that connect 3 or more
segments.
E.g. : glycogen and polypropylene.
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7. C :- cross linked: it include interconnectionsbetween chains.
E.g. : vulcanizedrubber.
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8. 4. Based on Polymerization
A. : Additional polymerization :- Here the monomer
molecule bond to each other without the loss of other
atoms.
it consist 3 stages :
Initiation
(Birth)
Propagation
(Growth)
Termination
(Death)
E.g. : polypropylene, polyphenyl
chloride, teflon.
B. : Condensation polymerization :- Usually two differentmonomer combined with the
loss of small molecules.
E.g. : polyester, polyamide.
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9. 5. Based on degradability :
A: Biodegradable : These are degrade biologically.
E.g. :- polylacticacid, polyglycolic acid, nylon,
polycaprolactone.
B: Non-biodegradable : These are not degrade biologically.
E.g. :- Ethyl cellulose, polydimethyl siloxane.
6. Based on property :
A : Thermoplastic : E.g. :- polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene.
B : Thermosetting : E.g. :- Bakelite,epoxy resin.
C : Elastomers : Neoprene, polystyrene, natural rubber.
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10. Characteristics of polymer
• Low density
• Should be inert and compatible with environment
• Should be non toxic
• Should be easilyadministered
• Poor temperature resistance
• good mechanicalproperties
• Should be biodegradableand biocompatible
• Can be produced transparent or differentcolors
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11. Application
• In modified drug release deliverysystem
 Control and sustainedformulation
• Tissueengineering,surgicaladhesive
• As Biomaterials: Especiallyin heart valve replacementsand blood
vesselsare made up of polymers like dacron, teflon.
• As a coating materialex : hpmc (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose)
• As disintegrateex : starch, hpmc
• As a thickeningagent ex : methyl cellulose
• Cosmetics pharmaceuticals ex : Polyethylene oxide
• Swellingagent ex: polyethylene glycol
•As a Binderex: hpmc
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12. Advantage
 Localized deliveryof drug
 Sustaineddeliveryof drug
 Stabilizationof drug
 Decreasein dosing frequency
 Reduce side effects
 Improve patientcompliance
Disadvantage
 Exhibit dose dumping effect
 Low mechanicalproperties
 Easily breakable
 Improper disposal leadsto
environmental pollution 12
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13. References
• Robinson J R and Lee V H ; Controlled drug delivery –
fundamentalsand Application; Marcel Dekker.
• Jain N K ; Controlled and novel drug delivery ; CBS
publication
• S.PVyas & R.K khar Targeted & Controlled drug delivery
system, CBS Publication.
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14. THANKYOU
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