Lab safety Universal precautions,Patient safety, staff safety .pptx

1. Lab safety rules, Standard
precautions, Patients safety and Staff
safety
Dr. Aishwarya J Ramalingam
Associate Professor of Microbiology

2. Lab safety rules
Standard precautions
Biohazard safety
Adverse events
Patient safety Goals

3.  Lab safety rules can all help ensure that the
laboratory is a safe place to work.
 Laboratory Dress Code Policy of SBMCH
Central Laboratory for all the staff working in
the Central Laboratory.

4. Laboratory coats must be worn
Nonskid, flat-soled shoes should be worn to prevent possible serious injuries from
falls.
Legs must be covered to avoid skin contamination or injury from pathogens,
chemicals, or reagents.
Hair must be clean and groomed. Sunglasses and other darkly tinted eyewear are not
allowed.
Lab personnel should keep their laboratory-appropriate clothing or shoes in their
assigned laboratory lockers
Covid safety precautions which includes wearing masks, gloves and PPE whenever
needed to attend IP

5. Maintain personal habits
Proper house keeping practices
Good laboratory techniques
Hospital infection control practices

6.  Set of infection control practices used to prevent the transmission
of diseases.
 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines
Universal Precautions as an approach to infection control to treat
all human blood and body fluids as if they contain bloodborne
pathogens.
 Are the basic levels of infection control and are designed to reduce
the transmission of infections
 Concept of Universal Precautions emphasizes that all our patients
should be treated as if they have potential pathogens and can
infect the health care worker ( CDC )

7.  Standard Precautions imply that “all blood and body fluids
are potentially infectious and should be treated accordingly.”
 Human materials/Tissues considered Highly Infectious
 Blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 CSF
 Synovial fluids
 Amniotic fluid
 All other body fluids
 Not highly Infectious - unless contaminated with Blood or
Body fluids
 Feces, Nasal secretions, Sputum, Sweat,Tears, Urine /Vomitus,
Saliva unless blood stained.

8.  Includes
 Handwashing
 Decontamination and sterilization of equipments
and devices
 Use and safe disposal of needles and sharps
 Wear PPE ( Personal Protective equipments)
 Spill management
 Proper Biomedical waste management

9.  Most important way of disease prevention

12.  Gloves
 Gowns/Apron
 Masks and
Respirators
 Cap
 Face shield
 Goggles
 Surgical shoes

13.  Definition:
“Bio Medical waste” is any waste, which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities.

15.  Biohazard safety is application of
safety precautions to reduce the
risk of exposure to potentially
infectious material
 Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) are
primary means of containment,
developed for working safely with
microorganisms
 Biosafety level cabinets – Levels I,
II, III, IV

16.  Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) is the basic level of protection and is
appropriate for agents that are not known to cause disease in normal,
healthy humans.
 Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) is appropriate for handling moderate-risk
agents that cause human disease of varying severity by ingestion or
through percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure.
 Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) is appropriate for agents with a known
potential for aerosol transmission, for agents that may cause serious
and potentially lethal infections and that are indigenous or exotic in
origin.
 Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) is appropriate for Exotic agents that pose a
high individual risk of life-threatening disease by infectious aerosols and
for which no treatment is available

17.  Precautions
a. Know where the fire evacuation plan is located.
b. Know where fire extinguishers and fire alarms
are located.
c. Maintain marked, unobstructed exits.
d. Store flammables in explosion-proof cabinets
and in safety cans.
e. Keep sources of ignition away from flammables.
f. Only use equipment approved by Underwriter’s
Laboratories (UL).
g. Prohibit smoking in the laboratory.

19.  All electrical equipment should be periodically inspected for current
leakage, faulty cords, or damaged components.
 All electrical equipment should be grounded and have three-pronged
plugs.
 Immediately repair faulty cords or broken connectors.
 Never overload electrical outlets or circuits.
 Unplug electrical equipment before servicing
 Use electrical equipment according to the manufacturer’s directions.
 Do not use an instrument that is causing shocks and immediately
report all shocks to the operator

21.  Mechanical hazards may result from improper use, storage, or
disposal of glassware, sharps, or equipment.
 Never stop a centrifuge with the hands, but wait until it stops on its
own.
 Do not operate new or unfamiliar equipment or instruments
without proper training and authorization.
 Follow preventive maintenance schedules established by the
instructor for equipment and instruments.
 Handle glassware carefully to avoid breakage that could cause
injury or infection.

22.  Immediately notify the faculty incharge or laboratory supervisor and
document the incident.
 Perform appropriate first-aid procedures to include washing the skin or
wound with soap and water or flood the affected mucous membranes with
water.
 Inform Hospital infection control officer / Hospital infection control nurse
immediately and
 report to casualty Medical officer incharge for further management.
 Counselling will be given by health care professionals about HIV risk and the
possibility of prophylactic treatment.
 A baseline blood sample will be drawn as soon as possible for HIV and
Hepatitis C as well as to confirm Hepatitis B immune status and to
determine the need for additional Hepatitis B vaccination.
 A blood sample will be drawn for HIV testing at one week, 6 weeks, 3
months and 6 months post-exposure.
 A blood sample will be drawn for Hepatitis C testing at 6 months post-
exposure.

23. Patient Safety:
The reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the
health-care system, as well as through the use of best
practices shown to lead to optimal patient outcomes.
PATIENT SAFETY : PREVENTION OF HARMTOTHE PATIENT
The agreed meaning of patient safety is “ PLEASE DO NO
HARM”

25.  Equipment failure
 Patient identity
 Mislabeled
specimen
 Patient falls
 Time delay errors
 Laboratory errors
 Lost, delayed, or
failures to follow up
reports
 Contamination of
drugs, equipment
25

26.  S – Sense the error
 A – Act to prevent it
 F – Follow the safety guidelines
 E – Enquire into issues / problems
 T –Take appropriate remedial measures
 Y –Your responsibility

27.  Standard precautions are used for patient / staff
care.
 Universal Precautions emphasizes that all our
patients should be treated as if they have potential
pathogens and can infect the health care worker.
 “ NEVER DO HARM” to anyone, should be our motto
 Improving patient safety means reducing patient
harm
 Follow lab safety rules

29. Thank you