Snake bite .. scorpion sting
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Toxilogical, Clinical Approach to Injected toxins .. Animal Poisons .. Snakebites & Scorpion Stings .
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Snake bite .. scorpion sting
- 5. Epidemiology
- 6. Epidemiology
- 12. Snake venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and defends against threats. It is injected by unique fangs after a bite, and some species are also able tospit..
- 14. NeurotoxicVenom • Curare –like Action • Causing paralysis of motor nerve endings in voluntary muscles . VasculotoxicVenom • Contains phospholipase enzyme • Produce destruction of RBCs leading to Hemolysis and coagualtive Disorders . MyotoxicVenom • Produces Generalized Muscular Pain and Weakness • Then, Degeneration of Muscles and Myoglobinuria which may cause respiratory, renal failure .
- 15. Abiteisconsidered tohavebeen poisonousincaseanyofthe following featuresarepresent: • Swelling,blisteringornecrosisatthesiteofthebite • Hypotension/shock • Haemorrhage • Laboratoryevidenceofcoagulationdefect • Neuroparalyticmanifestations • Arrhythmias/bradycardia/tachycardia • Myoglobinuria
- 16. ElapidSnakeBite(Neurotoxic) ViperSnakeBite(Vasculotoxic) SeaSnakeBite(Myotoxic) Local Mild orMinimal Swelling and Inflammationaround theFangMarks Severelocalpain,Erythema, Hemorrhagicblebs, Oozingofhemolyticbloodand blisters Mildor Minimal Swelling and Inflammation around the FangMarks Systemic Nausea,Vomiting,Salivation Ptosis (1st NeuroSign), Squint Dysartheria, Dysphonia, Dysphagia confusion, lethargy, MS Weakness Descending Paralysis Slow, labored breathing Cobra VenomOphthalmia Nausea,Vomiting Weakness,MSFasciculations HypovolemicShock LocalCompartmentSyndrome DeathfromCirculatoryCollapse StiffnessoftheNeck GeneralizedMSWeakness RespiratoryDistress Myoglobinuria(BrownUrine) Hyperkalemia ClinicalPresentation
- 17. FirstAid
- 19. contain specific antibody that will neutralize that particular venom and perhaps the venoms of closely relatedspecies(paraspecificneutralization) Antivenin
- 20. Antivenom should be given only to patients in whom its benefits are considered likely to exceed its risks. Since antivenom is relatively costly and often in limited supply, it should not be used indiscriminately. The risk of reactions should always be taken intoconsideration
- 24. Classification RED : Very Toxic YELLOW : Toxic Black : Non Toxic
- 28. ClinicalPresentation Signsandsymptomsatthesiteofthestingmayinclude: • Pain,whichcanbeintense • Numbnessandtinglingintheareaaroundthesting • Slightswellingintheareaaroundthesting
- 29. ClinicalPresentation Signsandsymptoms relatedtowidespread(systemic) venomeffectsusuallyoccurin childrenwhoarestung andmayinclude: • Difficulty breathing • Muscle twitching orthrashing • Unusual head,neckandeyemovements • Drooling • Sweating • Nausea andvomiting • High bloodpressure(hypertension) • Accelerated heartrate (tachycardia)orirregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) • Restlessness orexcitability orinconsolable crying(inchildren)
- 30. FirstAid • Cleanthewoundwithmildsoapandwater. • Apply a cool compress to the affected area for 10 minutes. Remove it for 10 minutes, then reapply it. This helps reduce pain and slow the venom's spread. This is most effective in thefirsttwohoursafterastingoccurs.
- 33. TakeHomeMessage Bites and stings by venomous animals constitute emergencies. Without fast, competent treatment they can result in considerable injury andaresometimesfatal.
- 34. ThankYou..