2. articulation of the talus with the tibial plafond and the
distal fibula.
Weight bearing area
Disturb in ligaments: instability with wt bearing
3.
4. Posttraumatic
Inflammatory
Degenerative
AVN
malalignment (Instability ,malreduction)
Also: position of the talus in the mortise, stability of the
syndesmosis, length of the fibula, and quality of the joint surface at
the time of reconstruction.
10. ankle arthritis and deformity did not respond
to nonoperative treatment:
• Posttraumatic and primary Arthrosis
• Neuromuscular deformity
• Revision of Failed Ankle Arthrodesis
• Failed Total Ankle Replacement
• AVN Talus
• Neuroarthropathy (Charcot)
• Rheumatoid Arthritis with severe deformity
• Osteoarthritis
• Pseudarthrosis
11. HISTORY:
› AGE
› MEDICAL ILLNESESS
› Signs of infection
› Previous conservative treamtment
› PREVIOUS SURGERY - ARTHRODSESIS
EXAMINATION:
› Localize exam
› VASCULARITY
› ROM SUBTLAUR
› DEFORMITY
Radiographic Studies:
› Ankle Wt bearing Xray
› LONG FILM LOWER LIMBS (deformity)
› Subtalar joint (Arthritis)
12. Steinmann pins
Screws
Plates
External fixators, illiazrove
Retrograde IM Nails
13. should be based on the underlying cause.
As a general rule:
› external fixators and illiazrove: infections
› Arthroscopic: minimal deformity.
› Open: significant deformity
14. neutral flexion (0 degrees)
5 to 10 degrees of external rotation
5 degree valgus
15. 1951
The Charnley method combined open surgical debridement of the
ankle-joint cartilage with the application of an external fixator by
placing one pin through the tibia and another through the neck of
the talus, with connecting bars
Bone graft
allowed to bear weight 8 weeks after surgery
After removal – walking cast for 4 weeks
16. Charnley Method: USE OF EX FIX ONE PLANE WITH
COMPRESSION :
› STABLE IN AP PLAN
› NOT STABLE FOR ROTATION
Calandruccio Compression Device (Richards):
› provides three-point fixation,
stability in all planes of
movement
19. 20 years old male
Fracture Rt Ankel
ORIF done
C/o pain , with activity , even at rest
20. Jan 2012 Bone scan:
Hyperemia with increased uptake
suspicion for infection
Ct scan:
distal syndesmotic screw loosening,
associated with irregularities at the
ankle joint with surrounding fluid collection.
26. Ports 2 or 3
› Anteromedial:
› medial to the tibialis nterior tendon, and located about 5 mm
proximal to the medial malleolus
› saphenous nerve and vein
› Anterolateral:
› lateral to peroneus tertius tendon
› lateral to the extensor digitorum longus tendon.
27. Distraction:
› 25 IB will give 1 to 1.5 mm of distraction
› 30 ib more than 1 hr , reversable nerve injury
A 4.5-mm bur and curettes -remove articular surfaces
Compression: Interanal or external
Prevered: 2 cannulated screw
› One medial mallulus to lateral talus
› One lateral tibia to neck of talus
NWB 5 weeks
Progress gradual till radiological healing
28.
29. Advantage:
› faster rates of union, decreased complications,
reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital
stays, minimal loss of length of the lower limb.
Disadvantage:
› Only for minimal deformity, because it is difficult to
correct ankle deformity arthroscopically.
30. with severe ankle-joint deformity
better visualization
two-incision
› Direct over fibula
› Along anterior third of medial malluls
maintain full-thickness flaps and protect
tendons and N,V
31. Lateral: osteotomy 10 cm from the fibular tip,
The remaining fibular fragment can then be
excised.
preserve the medial malleolus so as to
provide an area of solid fixation for the screw
and to preserve the medial blood supply to
the talus
32. Cut of talus 5mm paralel to tibial cut
drilled or curetted until bleeding bone
33.
34. two guide pins for large (7.0- to 7.3-mm)
cannulated screws
Care must be taken that the pins do not violate
the subtalar joint
short threaded cannulated screws with washers
bulky cast padding 2 weeks
NWB short leg cast
Start WTB after radiological evidence of healing
usually occurs 8 to 12 weeks postoperatively
35. (TTCA)
Minimal invasive
Better mechanical Proparties.
Some types allow compression
The starting point is of the most importance
36.
37. Indication:
AVN talus
Failed Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Pseudoarthrosis
Neuropathic arthropathy
Contraindications:
Infection
Sever vascular disease
Sever tibial malalignment
Normal subtalar joint (relative)
Plantur pad inssuficency
38. Entry point:
› 3 cm longitudinal plantur incision
› Anterior to subcalcaneak fat pad
› Lateral to mid line
39. Nail length:
› Nail end should extend at least 1 ½ to 2 tibial
diameter above any potential stress risers
40. NWB for 6 weeks
12 weeks in case of nuropathy or use of
bonegraft
43. Risk factors associated with nonunion:
› severe fracture, an open injury, local infection,
evidence of osteonecrosis of the talus, and
coexisting major medical problems
› past history of undergoing a subtalar or triple
arthrodesis
› Smoking risk increase 16 times
Editor's Notes
Damage to the ankle joint from trauma or disease can result in progressive loss of the tibiotalar articular cartilage surface, with resulting inflammation, synovitis, osteophyte formation, progressive loss of anklejoint motion, weight-bearing pain, and functional disability.
After the
distal 10 cm of the fibula has been
exposed, the superior peroneal retinaculum
is incised posteriorly, and
the peroneal tendons are mobilized
while protecting the sural and superficial
peroneal nerves.
1-
2- take care to subcutanous nerves
3- expose distal fibula
4- cutting
5-expose ankle
6 tibial cut
7 A medial exposure medial to the bed of Tibialis anterior is required in every case.
8 cut talus parallel
The first
pin is started at the posterolateral corner
of the tibia and is placed across
the joint and into the neck of the talus.
The second guide pin is placed from
the medial malleolus into the lateral
aspect of the talus. Alternatively, the
second pin may be placed from the
lateral process of the talus into the
medial cortex of the tibia
Tibio talo calcaneal Arthrodesis
Frey et al 1995
- Malaligned Fusion:- genu recurvatum, or backknee, will result from a plantar-flexed foot;- heel lift may compensate for moderate plantar flexion (5-10 deg), but significant problems arise with excessive plantar flexion; - to avoid vaulting over plantar-flexed foot, patient must turn leg out, & secondary medial collateral laxity can occur; - if foot is translated medially or laterally, other subtalar and gait problems can occur;- when subtalar joint is inverted or in varus position, transverse tarsal joint is locked, making rigid foot that needs to be vaulted over;