The ppt is all about the biological process happening in the water bodies specially ocean as a great sink of carbon.

1. BIOLOGICAL PROCESS IN
THE OCEAN: CARBON
PUMP
ADITYA DAS
COTTON UNIVERSITY, 2018-2020
GUWAHATI,ASSAM

2. OCEANS :- In contrast to the carbon
pump of atmosphere oceans are the largest
reservoirs of the carbon. It engulfs approx. 50
times more carbon amount than atmosphere.
Every year ocean takes in huge masses of
carbon. However, these all situations results in
physical and chemical processes and
biological processes in the ocean system.

3. FEW IMP ROLES OCEAN PLAYS IN
THE ENVIRONMENT :-
1) Regulate the Earth system
2) Supply living and non-living resources
3) Provide social and economic goods and
services
4) Driving climate and weather systems

4. Biological Pump ???

5. • It is the natural sequestration
process of carbon in the
oceanic body from the
atmosphere.
Or
The part of oceanic cycles
responsible for cycling of the
organic matters in the ocean..

6. The overview of Biological pump can
be described in distinct phases :-
• The phytoplankton present in the euphotic(sunlight) surface
gets the first taste of carbon from the atmosphere.
• They performs photosynthesis in presence of sunlight to
breakdown the organic and inorganic compounds.
• The breakdown of compounds to transform them into
nutrients is called to be the Primary production
• As per the several studies, the euphotic layer of the ocean
helps in carbon fixation each year which is about the half of
the carbon fixation carried out on earth
• Approximately 50-60PG carbon fixation is done by the
phytoplankton in the marine system body

7. Eventually after the photosynthesis, some carbon
compounds release and some gets remained in the
oceanic surface.
Tiny zooplanktons residing under the water surface
now feeds on the phytoplankton as a source of
nutrients and energy forming a significant food chain.
However, as the food chain precedes the
zooplanktons becomes the feeding source for the top
consumers continuously releasing carbon compounds
in exchange to the atmosphere.

8. After all the consumption process takes place some carbon
biomass ends up as dead, decaying or faecal matter that
composes of marine particles
Bacterial decomposition takes place in which carbon
compounds respiration occurs and CO2 is released in the
atmosphere again
However, only 1-2% particles reaches the deep surface of the
ocean
The carbonate compound in the oceanic body with equilibrium
to the dissolved CO2 helps in forming the shells for many water
animals
The carbonate is formed when dissolved CO2 combines with
the seawater H20 and forms Carbonic acid
(H2CO3),Bicarbonate(HCO3) and Carbonate ions(CO3)

9. Therefore the calcification of such shelled bodies of the deep
ocean water helps to trap the CO2 compounds not at higher rate
but its effective in minimal rate.
But due to several anthropogenic catastrophes the oceanic uptake
has risen up to 1/3rd of its usual intake.
Especially combustion of fossil fuels, cements industries led to
these damages which increase the CO2 level in the atmosphere.
However, climate change may affect the biological pump process
by warming or blocking the photosynthetic activity in the euphotic
zone.
Also increase in carbon in atmosphere may leads to ocean
acidification which can bring ecological changes in the calcification
organisms by altering their hardness of the tissues.
Although this process fuelled our economic growth like limestone,
oil deposits but nevertheless all these can subside if the
anthropogenic emissions are not redistributed within proper time.

10. QUESTIONS ???