Training of Trainers in the Transformation of Cassava Peels into High -Quality Cassava Peels (HQCP) Mash, which can be fed to all livestock species. HQCP can replace up to 30% of maize in poultry feed formulations. There is good demand for cheaper feed resources in ration formulation. This presentation aims to train trainers on the production process and utilization of HQCP as livestock feed.

1. Adeniyi Samuel Adediran.
Livestock Specialist
TAAT Clearing House, IITA, Benin
Training of Trainers
Classic Hotel Kigali, Rwanda
30 Aug – 1st Sept 2022
HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA PEELS (HQCP) MASH
PRODUCTION PROCESS
A.Adediran@cgiar.org
niyiadedian@gmail.com

3. Training Objectives
To train Trainers on the HQCP Production Process

4. Overview of HQCP Mash production process
I. The Casava and Food security in Africa
II. The Challenge of waste management
III. Introduction to HQCP Technology
IV. HQCP production process 1 – Sorting, grating,
pressing.
V. HQCP production process 2 – Pressing,
Sieving, Drying/Toasting
VI. The feeding and substitution value of HQCP.
VII. The business case and financing HQCP
business in Rwanda.
VIII. Scaling the innovation

6. Cassava peels Sorting and Grating
Sorting
• Stalks, large woody tubers and
other foreign materials
Why?
• Damage to the drum and
Rasper of the grater.
• What else?

7. Sorting and
Grating
Peels 50-60%
DM
1
Cassava peels Sorting and Grating
Grating reduces the particle size
• Wet Cassava Cake
• 30%-40% moisture content
• One hour for a 7.5 horsepower (hp) grater to
grate 500 kg of fresh peels three times
(Okike et al. 2015)

8. Pressing, Dewatering & Fermenting
• First intermediate product HQCP®
cake
• Moisture content ~30–40%.
• 7 Days Shelf life
• Ruminants animal feed
• Ease of transportation vs wet
cassava peel. Dewatering removes ~
50% water from raw pee.
• Leave pressed peels overnight
• Reduced HCN Removal
• Increased Protein content
• Adamafio et al. (2010)

9. Pulverising
Pulverizing
(Pulverizer or Rasper, Hammer Mill)
Breaks Lumps improve flow through a sieve.
2 Products
• Coarse wet mash
• Fine wet mash
• NB: Visit to Akanoze shows that this step is
omitted and substituted with drying before further
milling.

10. HQCP Fine and Coarse Mash

11. Drying or Toasting
Drying
• Sunny days, sun drying 6-8 hours (Okike et al 2015)
• Separately dry Coarse and Fine Mash
• Coarse mash can be dried by spreading thinly, on tarpaulin sheet, cement
slab or a metal sheet.
• Stirring and re-spreading of the materials is required at hourly intervals
• Desired moisture content 10% – 12%.
• On rainy days, Toast on metal pan (as used in Gari processing ) using coal
and/or firewood as a heat source
• For Industrial scale flash drying (rapidly in a current of hot air or gas)
• Use a moisture meter,
• Next packed in woven plastic bags.
• Shelf Life four to six months without spoilage (Okike et al. 2015)..
• Store or Feed to livestock

12. Drying - Toasting HQCP Mash

13. Bagging and Storage
• Stored in woven plastic bags
• Weight/Bag depend on market
demand
• Fine Mash 25 kg
• Coarse Mash 20 kg.
• Electronic scale is used for weighing
bags
• Industrial sewing machine used to
seal them.
• Practice of ‘first-in, first-out’ (FIFOs).
• six months Shelf life

14. Good Management Practices
• Processing steps to ensure quality standards
• Feed industries are keen on standards
• Free from toxins and contaminants
• Free from fungal growth
• Concentrations of HCN below 100 ppm
• Low fibre levels to make it suitable for the monogastric
feed
• Maintaining strict factory hygiene
• Cleanliness, efficient waste water handling, pest free
• Good quality raw materials

15. Steps in quality assurance
Raw material procurement:
• Peels should be fresh and processed on the day of procurement
• Peels should be free from contaminants and foreign materials
• Woody tubers and roots should
• Use of peels from diseased/infected tubers should be avoided
Processing and machinery management:
• Always follow the standard operation protocols of processing—
no short cuts
• All processing machines to be kept in good working condition
• Grater/sifter- malfunction can compromise the fibre content and
quality of the finished product
• Flash dryer malfunction can affect shelf life

16. Quality Control
• Quality check of finished product:
• • Physical attributes include uniform product free
from contaminants—no off smell
• • Chemical attributes determined by chemical
analysis include moisture (10–12 %) and fibre (10–
18 %)
• • Below 100 ppm HCN
• • Aflatoxins to check fungal load (<10 ppb for
aflatoxin B1)

17. Book Keeping records
• Without good records it is difficult to assess production history and the
financial condition or profitability of the business.
• Daily activities need to be documented in a logbook.
• Records should include the following:
I. Record of inputs and outputs (peels, fuel, labour, electricity, finished products)
II. Inventory of finished products, machines and spares
III. Logbook for machine servicing and break down/repairs
IV. Sales and purchases

18. Challenges and major constraints in production and utilization of HQCP
mash:
1. Myths around HCN and aflatoxin contamination in cassava-based
products still exist.
2. Need for awareness and training.
3. Minimum Guaranteed quality and Quantity (esp Feed Millers).
4. Sun drying is the cheapest drying method, but limited season, volume
(one tonne)/d dying area of 260 m2.
5. High cost of initial investment is required for large scale (10 tonnes/day)
to meet industrial demand.
6. Aggregation at all levels.
7. Machine maintenance costs – replacement of Raspers.
8. Safety and health of workers.

19. “I am building another Rwf 70 million processing unit from revenues from turning
peels into livestock feed. As an estimation, I have already generated about Rwf25
million. I am also expanding the operating place,”
“I am also employing 65 women, as casual workers, in handling the peels and
seven men in the whole chain,”
Alice Nyirasagamba, Propritress Akanoze Nyamiyaga Ltd, Kamonyi District
The New Times : May 03, 2022
Technical and financial support
from the Rural-Urban Nexus
(RUNRES) project funded by the
Swiss Agency for Development
and Cooperation & the
International Institute for
Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
Set-up Cost: Rwf60 million to
buy processing machines in
2020.

20. “I am a chemist turned farmer. The HQCP has
been sustaining the running of my factory. I
have employed 12-20 women. I produce 15
Tons HQCP mash per day, that is the minimum
for optimal coverage of logistics in our
location. My main challenge is not being able
to meet demand. ”
Joy Aratumi Itama, MD Tosi Farms.
“The HQCP training in ILRI was the genesis of the
breakthrough in my marketing. It has become a key
tool in supporting unemployed youths. With GIZ
support, 10 youths have establshed their own HQCP
processing business in Oyo and Ogun states in
Nigeria.”
Adeleke Ogunlade, CEO, Deep launch Nig.Ltd.

21. PLEASE PUT THE HQCP PROCESS INTO
CORRECT ODER – REMOVE ANY
UNNECESSARY STEPS AND ADD ANY IF
NECESSARY
1. Dewater the wet paste.
2. Collect cassava peels
3. Toast the peels
4. Ferment for 24 Hours
5. Pulverize the Cake
6. Separate coarse wet cake from
fine wet cake
7. Bag and Store the dry mash
SCRAMBLED HQCP MASH
8. Dry or toast the HQCP mash
9. Grate the cassava peels
10. Sell or feed to livestock
11. Store the wet cake overnight.
12. Dry the coarse and wet cake
13. Dry the pulverized wet cake 14. Sort the
Peels

22. Case Study 1.
A client is interested in buying 2 tons of coarse
wet mash. He has paid some money in
advance and you have agreed that he will pick
up his consignment on the 1st day of August
2022. By the 5th of August he has not come.
On the 6th of August, he informed you that he
has taken ill and hospitalized. What will you
do?

23. 3. Processing Cassava Peels into Feed – IITA Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4L4dADbyFI

24. NETWORKING SESSION.
• Identify three HQCP related activities
that you want to start as a business.
• Or Assume you want to set up a
factory to process Cassava peels into
HQCP mash.
• Assign tasks or responsibilities to
group members based on their skills
• Identify any 2 challenges you are
likely to face
• How will these challenge be
addressed?

25. 2. Transforming Cassava Peels into High Quality Feed, ILRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkvHYqPLvyc