4. Introduction:
The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been
criticized by Iranians and international human rights activists, by writers,
and NGOs.
The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission
have condemned prior and ongoing abuses in Iran in published critiques
and several resolutions.
The government is criticized both for restrictions and punishments that
follow the Islamic Republic's constitution and law, and for "extrajudicial"
actions by state actors, such as the torture, rape, and killing of political
prisoners, and the beatings and killings of dissidents and other civilians.
Capital punishment in Iran remains a matter of international concern.
5. Conti…..
Restrictions and punishments in the Islamic Republic of Iran which violate
international human rights norms include harsh penalties for crimes,
punishment of victimless crimes such as fornication, execution of offenders
under 18 years of age, restrictions on freedom of speech and the press
(including the imprisonment of journalists), and restrictions on freedom of
religion and gender equality in the Islamic Republic's Constitution
(especially ongoing persecution of Baháʼís).
6. Background
The Islamic revolution is thought to have a significantly worse human
rights record than the Pahlavi Dynasty it overthrew.
According to political historian Ervand Abrahamian, "whereas less than
100 political prisoners had been executed between 1971 and 1979, more
than 7900 were executed between 1981 and 1985.
The prison system was centralized and drastically expanded ... Prison life
was drastically worse under the Islamic Republic than under the Pahlavis.
7. Conti…
One who survived both writes that four months under [warden] Ladjevardi
took the toll of four years under SAVAK.
In the prison literature of the Pahlavi era, the recurring words had been
'boredom' and 'monotony’.
In that of the Islamic Republic, they were 'fear', 'death', 'terror', 'horror',
and most frequent of all 'nightmare' ('kabos').“
According to estimates provided by the military historian Spencer C.
Tucker, in the period of 1980 to 1985, between 25,000 and 40,000 Iranians
were arrested, 15,000 Iranians were tried and 8,000 to 9,500 Iranians were
executed.
8. Iranian's human rights constitutional
and legal foundations
The Iranian Constitution, adopted in 1979, includes a number of provisions
related to human rights, including the rights to life, liberty, and security of
person, freedom of expression and assembly, and due process of law.
However, the extent to which these rights are protected in practice has
been a matter of debate and controversy.
9. Conti….
Iran is also a signatory to several international human rights treaties and
conventions, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Iran has established domestic laws and regulations aimed at protecting
human rights.
For example, the Iranian Penal Code prohibits torture and other forms of
cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.
10. Iranian's extralegal violation of human
rights
Arbitrary arrests and detentions:
Iranian authorities have been known to arrest and detain individuals without
charge or trial, often holding them for extended periods without access to legal
representation or family visits.
Torture and mistreatment of prisoners:
There have been numerous reports of prisoners being subjected to torture and
mistreatment while in custody, including beatings, electric shocks.
11. Conti….
Restrictions on freedom of expression:
The Iranian government has strict controls on the media,
including censorship of the internet and social media, as well
as restrictions on freedom of speech and the press.
Discrimination against minorities:
Ethnic and religious minorities in Iran, including the Kurdish and Baha'i
communities, have faced discrimination, persecution, and even execution.
12. Iranian's notable issues concerning
human rights:
Iran has been a subject of international scrutiny over its human rights record,
with various reports documenting widespread abuses and violations of basic
human rights.
Here are some notable issues concerning human rights in Iran:
Freedom of Expression:
Iran has strict censorship laws that severely limit the freedom of expression of
its citizens. Journalists, bloggers, and social media activists are regularly arrested,
harassed, and jailed for expressing dissenting views.
Women's Rights:
Women in Iran face discrimination and are subject to strict dress codes and
gender-based laws that limit their access to education, employment, and public
spaces.
13. Political Repression:
Political dissidents, activists, and members of minority groups are regularly
arrested, tortured, and imprisoned by the Iranian government. The regime has
been accused of using forced confessions, show trials, and extrajudicial
killings to suppress opposition.
Religious Minorities:
Iran's government is dominated by Shia Muslims, and members of religious
minorities such as Baha'is, Sunni Muslims, and Christians face discrimination,
persecution, and harassment.
Capital Punishment:
Iran has one of the highest rates of executions in the world, with thousands
of people sentenced to death each year. The country has been criticized for its
its use of the death penalty for non-violent crimes, as well as its failure to
provide fair trials and legal representation
