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Gender Bias For Dress Code
"Nineteen percent of the 7,800 students surveyed in middle and high schools across the country said they were prevented from wearing clothing
deemed "inappropriate" based on their gender..."–– CNN Student protests growing over gender–equal dress codes I think that dress code at school is
gender bias because it's female specific, your socioeconomic status will help determine if you get dress coded or not, boys don't usually get dress
coded like girls do, and girls have a harder time dressing age appropriate. Females are often targeted for dress code because the dress code lists more
restrictions and allocations for females instead of males. "Dress code violations include baring shoulders, wearing a tank top, or exposing a bra
strap." Schools can be petty when getting on to girls for dress code issues. Neatoday.com says, A female Kentucky student was sent home for showing
her collarbone... her Mom brought a scarf to put around her neck and they still deemed it inappropriate. I personally do not think showing your
collarbone is worth getting in trouble for in school. "A Texas honor student gets sent home for wearing yoga pants and an oversize teeshirt." I honestly
do not see how yoga pants and an oversized tee shirt would be seen as a distraction. Kids come to school to learn not to be in trouble because of what
they wear. Although there are several examples of females being singled out based on their attire, there are many instances of females purposefully
dressed
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Gender Equality And Gender Bias
Gender equality and gender bias has been vigorously discussed and argued for decades, and it still remains as the issue that cannot be ignored in our
society. The NSW department of Education and Training provides the Boys' and Girls' Education Strategy to assist all government schools in NSW to
undertake a strategic approach to address gender as an educational issues(NSW DEC). Still, girls are now facing difficulties that arose from not only
their abilities but also the influence from their families and the communities. In this essay, problems or difficulties that young girls or female students
faced because of other participants in the education or schooling system will be discussed. Strategies and recommendations in regard to those issues
will be talked afterwards.
Even we say we are living in a gender equal society, but it is rare to see women at the dominant place in each industry. Hundred years before, women
were not allowed to study, and men were taking the power to control the society. Nowadays, women are able to have higher education as men do, but
some of them still experience blocks in their career path. And we cannot ignore that they performed better than men with higher average grade and used
short time to complete the study(Reis, 2001, p. 28). The preconceptions of women, male stereotyping and exclusion of informal network slows down
women 's step towards the top management positions, and it is not normally because of gender discrimination, but just about who
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Implicit Gender Bias Essay
Implicit Gender Bias and Women in STEM Fields
Most people consider themselves as rational, reasoning individuals who make decisions after considering the facts at hand. Research suggests that this
is often not the case, with implicit bias at work shaping one's responses. Researchers at Cornell University have defined implicit bias as "unconscious,
unintentional bias" (Royer, Hido & Slotnick, 2017). Predictors of implicit bias include socio–economic status, gender, ethnicity, childhood experience,
and cultural experience (Cooley, Payne & Phillips, 2013). Unlike explicit bias which reflects attitudes or beliefs that one endorses on a conscious level,
implicit bias refers to attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions and decisions in an unconscious manner resulting from subtle
cognitive processes that often operate at a level below conscious awareness and without intentional control (Gyan, n.d.). Of these, implicit gender bias
affects the health and social wellbeing of women, as well as disadvantages women economically and in the workplace. As such implicit gender bias is
endemic within the scientific, technological, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, and this bias can disadvantage women pursing these careers
(Moss–Racusin, Dovidio, Brescoll, Graham & Handelsman, 2012). The importance of further study of mitigating interventions of this implicit gender
bias is clear. Our hypothesis is that implicit gender bias related to women in STEM fields will
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This study focuses on the relationship between gender bias, gender ideology, and gender roles in everyday life. The study analyzes how differences
in gender affect professors' behavior in the classroom. My research question is how do men and women view professors' treatment of students based
on gender? Some basic guiding questions are: In your opinion and experience, do professors treat certain groups of students differently? Who are
these students? Specifically, do professors treat men vs. women differently in the classroom? Why do you think professors do/don't do this? My
hypothesis was that respondents would think professors call on men in the classroom due to their stereotypical qualities of being competitive,
confident, and dominant. The overwhelming majority of people describe women as shy, compassionate, and timid . Men are more willing to speak up
and shout out an answer in the classroom because of their confidence and dominance. Given these stereotypical traits it would be more likely for a male
to answer a question, get called on, or engage in a conversation with the teacher rather than a women because of women's timid traits . I believe that
the majority of men are less likely to filter a response and think before they speak in class, therefore leading them to get called on by the professor to
share their opinion. From my own experience I have seen this begin to change over the years possibly because of the increase in women in the social
and political
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Gender Bias
SONA: Own–Gender Bias in Change Detection for Gender–Specific Images
The previous research was based on change blindness, such as, not able to view change when in an environment. Changes of the environment can vary
to the color, people, etc. In addition, there are two different types of processing, such as, bottom–up and top–down. For instances, the bottom–up
process observes the physical missing in the environment. And, the top–down process observe the beliefs, expectation etc. of the participant.
Furthermore, the question for this research was that men and women would not differ their capability to view changes in images. In addition, that men
and women would view changes sufficiently in the images if it pertain to their gender rather than the opposite gender.
The methods used in this research were participants, materials and procedures. For instance, the participants consist of 53 undergraduates, in detail, 31
women and 23 men. In addition, the race of the participants were a variety of Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. Yet, the race of the participants were not
equaled, for example, there were more Whites than Blacks...show more content...
However, based on the chart in the research the gender image type did not reveal such a prominent result. The women in the research did have further
favor women–oriented images than the men– oriented images, as well as vice versa for the men. Yet, the different was not a major change than
projected in the question for the research. Furthermore, the changes in image were the key factor in the research. The participants were not that
successful in pointing out the changes or no change on the images. In addition, the participants demonstrated that the top–down process is more
influenced in this research than the bottom–up process. Overall, the research was a success due to the questions were proven in numerous ways with
the assist of participants, methods and
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The Null Hypothesis : Gender Bias
2.Null Hypothesis – Gender bias does not have a role to play in people's mind–set towards male victims.
When asked if DV affects a significant number, small number of men or doesn't affect men, 53.2% male respondents and 58.6% female respondents
think that it affects a small number of men. Only 23.8% male respondents and 31.3% female respondents think a significant number of men are affected
and a further 10.9% male respondents and 10.1% female respondents think it doesn't affect men. Since the p value show no statistical relationship, there
is no difference between how men and women think and there is a clear indication that most people think that domestic violence for men is not a
distressful issue for its not a considerable number of...show more content...
Although men and women show different views, the Cramer's V of 0.154 shows only a weak association. A bigger sample size could've produced
different or more reliable results.
Gender bias is the distortion of views and preferences based on the sex of a person. Biases are preformed based on what kind of surroundings a
person grows up in and their personal experiences. This bias exists in everyone's mind and subconsciously make people act and react in different
ways based on stereotypes rather than reality (Rhonda. E, Dugan, 2008). Everyone has different views on male masculinity. Even in this day and
age where there are equal rights for both sexes there is a patriarchal view about men in society, where they are classed as the stronger sex which has
led to the belief that male to female aggression is more serious than female to male aggrrssion (Drijber et al, 2013). Sexual assaults and DV are
disproportionately considered as women centric problems. Surveys conducted reports victims in rape cases are 90% women, one in four women are a
victim of intimate partner violence and 44% lesbian women and 61% bisexual women have been subjected to physical abuse by a partner or sexual
abuse. (Bureau of Justice Satistics and the centres of Disease control and prevention (CDC). These facts combined with preformed notions
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gender bias
Gender Bias in Education by Amanda Chapman of D 'Youville College
"Sitting in the same classroom, reading the same textbook, listening to the same teacher, boys and girls receive very different educations." (Sadker,
1994) In fact, upon entering school, girls perform equal to or better than boys on nearly every measure of achievement, but by the time they graduate
high school or college, they have fallen behind. (Sadker, 1994) However, discrepancies between the performance of girls and the performance of boys
in elementary education leads some critics to argue that boys are being neglected within the education system:
Across the country, boys have never been in more trouble: They earn 70 percent of the D 's and F 's that teachers dole...show more content...
Reay 's research shows that each of the groups of girls defined their own femininities in relation to boys. (2001)
The Reay study further demonstrates how socialization of girls occurs at the school level by tolerating different behaviors from boys than from
girls. Assertive behavior from girls is often seen as disruptive and may be viewed more negatively by adults. In Reay 's study, the fact that the spice
girls asserted themselves in ways contrary to traditional femininity caused them to be labeled by teachers as "real bitches". (2001) This reinforces the
notion that "...girls ' misbehavior to be looked upon as a character defect, whilst boys ' misbehavior is viewed as a desire to assert themselves." (Reay,
2001)
A permissive attitude towards sexual harassment is another way in which schools reinforce the socialization of girls as inferior. "When schools
ignore sexist, racist, homophobic, and violent interactions between students, they are giving tacit approval to such behaviors." (Bailey, 1992) Yet
boys are taunted for throwing like a girl, or crying like a girl, which implies that being a girl is worse than being a boy. According to the American
Association of University Women Report, "The clear message to both boys and girls is that girls are not
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Gender Pay Bias
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed gender discrimination (Macionis, 2012). That is, employers cannot discriminate
when setting pay for men and women (Macionis, 2012). Although these laws exist in the United States, median wages for women amounts to
seventy–nine percent of median wages for men (Hirschfeld Davis, 2016). As a result, President Barack Obama signed an executive law that will close
gender pay gap with mandatory reporting and penalize companies that engage in discriminatory pay practices (Hirschfeld Davis, 2016).
According to Macionis (2012), gender biases affects how women are promoted in the workplace. This is a form of glass ceiling, which is the "subtle
discrimination that effectively blocks
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The Effects of Gender Bias on Elementary School Children
"It's a girl!" or "It's a boy!" is typically the first thing parents hear after the birth of a child. This simple statement of fact sets the groundwork for every
interaction they will have with their daughter or son, and for every experience that child will have throughout her or his life. Gender identity–the private
experience of being female or male–forms a core part of one's sense of self (Welker). The nature of this private experience is enormously influenced
by what we are taught it means to be a girl or a boy, and these lessons are typically fraught with instances of gender bias–what Beverly Stitt, author of
Building Gender Fairness in Schools, defines as "a set of beliefs...show more content...
In our society, males are the preferred sex. Mothers show a 2:1 preference for male children, and fathers even more so (The Pinks and the Blues).
Parents stereotype their child from birth: they think that boys are more alert, more coordinated, stronger, bigger, and less attentive, while girls are
softer, weaker, and more attentive (Stockman). Research by Bloch at U. C. Berkeley revealed that parents encourage differences in their children; with
sons, parents emphasize achievement and value independence and self–reliance, while with daughters, parents emphasize proprieties and supervise
their daughters' activities more than their sons' (The Pinks and the Blues). I observed a videotape, titled The Pinks and the Blues, of a family interview
in which first the son and then the daughter were asked to solve a puzzle with their parents present. With the son, Dad emphasized the cognitive aspects
of the task and checked for understanding, while Mom looked on. With the daughter, Dad emphasized the affective relationship (the father–daughter
interaction) and stressed that the important thing was to have fun, while Mom provided help to the point of interfering with the daughter's performance.
In addition to parents, the other primary agent influencing children at this age is the media, via television. Little girls can watch Spiderman swing high
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Gender Bias in Everyday Life Essay
In the modern United States, biases are found in almost every social institution. These discriminatory practices hurt everyone involved. One of the
more evident of these is discrimination based on someone's gender. Gender bias, also known as sexism, refers to a full range of attitudes, preferences,
laws, taboos and behaviors that differentiate and discriminates against the members of either sex. These may be the position of male dominance and
female subjugation in modern society. It may also be in the form of sexual stereotypes between men and women, which are commonly experienced or
encountered in employment, especially on the positions they occupy and their earnings or income. A final instance wherediscrimination is faced is
within the...show more content...
It is not true; however, that all males have been winners in these historical struggles. While boys and men benefit to some extent from patriarchal
relations, they are also damaged by the disciplining practices needed to reproduce misogynist relations. And men and women have different uses, such
as a male lifting heavy weights and females singing at the upper register. (Goldberg, 10) Most men and women in every society realize this intuitively.
Anthropologists have written at lengths about the areas in which women are unquestionably superior to men. It is through these abilities that the
world's women have always fulfilled themselves, just as men have emphasized their singular abilities. (Crane–Seeber and Crane pg 218) While women
are more commonly affected by eating disorders, more than a million of the opposite sex battles the illness every day (nationaleatingdisorders.org).
Men are told to be muscular and strong, so as to support themselves and their families. Men are also told that feelings should not be shared, and to give
in, is to become "womanly". While gender discrimination is illegal in most educational institutions, it still occurs. Discrimination can occur in subtle
ways that are not easily identified. Some of the more noticeable ones, however, include differences in admission requirements, differences in
educational programs and activities offered, and sexual harassment.
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The Importance Of Gender Bias
One of the most debated topics in modern society today is equality. Most everyone agrees that all people are equal, however, most everyone is also
implicitly biased about genders whenever it comes to careers. For example, imagine for a moment a random piano teacher. What gender did you
automatically think of them as? You more than likely initially imaged a female piano teacher. Now, imagine a random surgeon/ doctor. Whatgender did
you automatically see them as? You probably imaged them as a male. If so, you are experiencing implicit gender bias. Unfortunately, you are not
alone in this; society itself implicitly assigns males to scientific careers and women to liberal arts. Implicit bias are the completely unconscious
stereotypes and attitudes we have towards society that affects our decisions and understanding of things. The key word in that definition is
unconscious. Most people do not even realize they hold this bias; you might not have even realized you were experiencing this bias until reading
this paragraph. This ignorance is one of the main reasons this bias is still occurring on a daily basis to most of humanity, and it is the main reason
there is such a gender divide in careers today. It is hypothesized that helping people identify their implicit bias (specifically gender career bias) and
providing them with basic education and strategies on the topic itself will reduce their gender career bias. The rather recent development of social
media has been helpful to
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Gender Bias And Its Effect On Education
Leedy, LaLonde, and Runk (2003) found that their data supported and built on the findings of other researchers concerning gender stereotypes. They
found that girls who were motivated and had mathematical talent were still subject to the effects of gender bias and that they had decreased confidence
in their mathematical abilities. The research also indicated a continuing belief that math is a male domain. Females did not acknowledge the stereotype
and felt the survey was biased and insulting and left comments saying so. No such comments were left by males. The belief by men that math is a
male domain, coupled with the failure of women to acknowledge the biases existence sets up an unrealistic relationship. The researchers postulated that
rather than denying biases exist, we must acknowledge them so that we can move on and reform education. They felt that the reforms need to occur
outside, as well as inside, the classroom, and must include parents, especially mothers. The attitudes of all parties involved must be changed for reform
to be effective.
Riegle–Crumb and Moore (2013) found that females were underrepresented in the engineering course they studied. Although female students made up
50% of the enrollment at the high schools, they only comprised an average of 14% of course enrollees. Women in the classes shared similar academic
backgrounds with their male classmates, but the women were more likely to have a parent who worked in engineering or a scientific field.
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Gender Bias In Sports Essay
Highly accomplished female athletes are often ''infantilized'' by sport commentators by referring to them as ''girls'' or
''young ladies'' whereas skilled male athletes are rarely (if ever) referred to as ''boys'' (Messner et al., 1993; Wensing & Bruce,
2003). A recent headline in the UK's Daily Mail regarding the Sochi Olympics read, ''Curl power: Girls sweep their way to bronze as Britain equals its
best ever Winter Olympics tally'' (Daily Mail Reporter, 2014). Not surprisingly, themale curlers were not referred to as ''boys'' when they won a silver
medal the next day.
Commentators further infantilize female athletes by calling them by their first name only whereas this rarely occurs with male athletes. Messner et al.
(1993) found that women's...show more content...
For example, Billings (2007) examined the media commentary for men's and women's diving, gymnastics, swimming, and track and field competitions
during the 2004 Summer Olympics and discovered that gender biased commentary occurred more often in the sports considered ''artistic'' (e.g.,
gymnastics, diving) with the greatest gender bias between men and women's gymnastics. Similarly, Angilini, Billings, and MacAuthor (2013) found the
greatest amount of gender biased commentary in figure skating in their examination of the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Typically, the negative framing described in the previous paragraphs occurs alongside positive narratives. Duncan and
Hasbrook (1988) used the term ambivalence to describe media accounts about female athletes that present such mixed messages. As Eagleman (2013)
described, ''it is coverage that appears positive at first glance, but actually includes words, phrases, or themes that subtly belittle women'' (p. 4). It is
used to simultaneously acknowledge the changing norms regarding women's involvement in sport and yet resist major changes to the status quo by
artfully undermining
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Gender Bias In The Women's Rights Movement
In this society, men have more privileges than women in the workplace. It is true the world we live in today has many opportunities for women.
Women can vote, have their own property, have jobs like men, etc. However, there is not much equality between men and women working. Women are
often worse paid than men with few rights, which is one of many examples of gender bias. Gender bias is the unequal treatment between men and
women in the employment area, based on their gender expectations. It turns out gender bias exists especially in the workplace. According to
TechRepublic, unequal pay, diminished responsibilities, and positional bias are emphasized for women working.1 These examples of gender bias go
back all the way to before when women's rights were fought for. Women then had a basic education, they were generally married off by their parents,
they had to take care of their children and the house, which their husbands owned, and they were not acknowledged of their hard work. That all began
to change when the 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention triggered the beginning of the Women's Rights Movement in the United States.
Individualists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony have been devoted to the fight for women's rights.2 Changing the unjust and unequal
society was their purpose. Through petitions, meetings, and public speaking, they were able to achieve their purpose. Margaret Mead, an
anthropologist said, "Never doubt that a small group of
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Gender Bias And Gender Inequality
The average american female only makes в…” of what the average male does. Whether it is in school, or the workforce, gender inequality still
exists and is a major problem. There is still a huge difference in the way women get treated compared to the way men get treated. Due to the invisible
barrier that is holding back the success of women, social realities need to be redefined in order for gender inequality to longer exist. Gender inequality
refers to the unequal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. There are three main ideas that contribute to it,
but there are still many others that do too. One of them is sexism, which refers to the range of attitudes, beliefs, policies, laws, and behaviors that
discriminate on the basis of gender. A second idea that also contributes is gender roles. Gender roles are rights, responsibilities, expectations, and
relationships of men and women in a society. The third idea is gender bias, which is the favoritism toward one gender or the other. All three have a
direct correlation with each other. Gender inequality is most common at school and in the workforce. A lot of people seems to think men hold a higher
rank in life than women do just because they think women cannot do the same things a man can do. Just because the the anatomy of a woman and a man
are different, doesn't mean one or the other should get better treatment, but that is still a reality women face today. Men have access to many more
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Essay on Gender Role Bias in Advertising
Gender Role Bias in Advertising
Gender role bias in advertisements has been so prevalent for so long that the untrained eye wouldn't even discern it. All the same, these biases, for the
most part, put women in subordinate positions and men in dominant ones. This assumption on both the genders is unfair and demeaning. These ads
portray women as subservient and play toys for men. Not only do the models depict an image nowhere near close to reality, but their bodies are
scantily clad and what few clothes they are wearing are very revealing. These roles for females represent what the advertisement industry believe
buyers deem as the real world. As Goffman asked," What messages about women have been given to society through magazine...show more content...
With my ad, relative size plays a part in which the male is obviously larger than the female and he towers over her petite frame. For feminine touch,
the male has a clenched fist on her shoulder and the other hand on a tree. His entire arm is holding her body in its place. This body language says
that the male is in charge and takes an aggressive stance over her, while the girl just stands there limply and leaning on the tree. Its as if she would
fall over if he weren't there to hold her up. For function ranking, the male is clearly in the managerial position, as he seems to be overpowering her
in every way. For licensed withdrawal, the girl featured seems as though she has left her body psychologically for the male counterpart to simply
ravish. As in many rape cases, victims have stated that while they are being raped, their mind leaves their body as not to experience the horrible
psychological or even physical pain occurring. This ad depicts a girl who does not seem present in the situation with a dazed look on her face and a
motionless body. The family aspect doesn't exactly correspond with this particular ad, as a family is not present. With nearly all of the "frame
analysis" characteristics satisfied from this one ad, one must assume that although leaps and bounds of efforts have been made by society to free
women from stereotypical gender roles, "advertisers are still relying upon their subordination as a tool in the attempt to sell a wide variety
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Gender Bias Essay
Gender bias, also known as sexism, is a full of attitudes, laws, taboos, preferences, and behaviors that differentiates and discriminates against either
sex. These may be a position of which male dominance and female subjugation in the modern society. It could also be a form of sexual stereotypes
between men and women, these are commonly experienced in employment versus other positions. A final place that discrimination is faced is the
academic environment, the female to male ratios are not in sync in certain programs and courses because of this and it is pressuring men and
women to not go into certain fields and do what they love and please. Most advertisements on Television, magazines, newspapers, online ad's, use a
charged sexually image with a female as the star. Women are to be a pleasure for men, and nothing else. Many people have different opinions on
genders and sexuality and that is okay, but sometimes you just need to keep them to yourselves. I was walking through Walmart with a friend the
other night, and we turned the corner to go down an aisle and they were walking towards us. As we approached them, they moved out of the way, so
we could get through. There were 5 male specimens, around the ages of 20–24, two white, one Hispanic, and two black guys. Most of them were very
tall, both white guys were thin and lean, the Hispanic guy was short and lean, and the two black guys were tall and thick. All five of the guys dress
in upper class clothes such as Nike, Adidas, Under armor. As I observed these guys, they were in a group of friends. They were walking according to
race, two white guys in the front, and then the Hispanic guy was in the middle, and following him was the two black guys. They were very respectful
when we turned the corner and let us go through, as we passed them they went back into their formation. Two white guys in the front, and then the
Hispanic in the middle, and the two black guys in the back. I also observed that they were having separate conversations among themselves. As it
appeared to me, it looked like they were just socializing and spending time together, and goofing around. They could have been shopping but none of
them had anything in their hands at the time that we
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Impact Of Gender Discrimination On Sports
GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTS Brooke Lynn Paige Smith Oklahoma State University
–Stillwater December 5, 2014 For decades
discrimination in sports has been a big issue, especially gender discrimination. Women have been down graded and stereotyped as weak in
athletics because men are generally the more entertaining to watch because of their physicality and they seem more determined and motivated to
achieve in their sport, but what people should realize is women are just as athletic as men and deserve an equal opportunity for life chances. The
discrimination got better in 1972 when the law "Title IX" came about, which stated "Nobody in the United States will, on the basis of sex, be
excluded from participation in, be deprived of the benefits of, or be exposed to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving
federal financial help". This has produced debates all over the world because some disagree with the equality it is trying to create. Women have had
a hard time getting into college athletics in the past let alone professional sports, so when Title IX came up women in particular were very
appreciative. Nina Compton discusses the law and how it changed in college sports and stated, "College campuses all over the world have seen athletic
departments add women 's sport programs and cut men 's programs in order to remain compliant under the Act" (Compton 11). While many may think
this was fair other believe that men shouldn't be cut from sports
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Gender Roles, Stereotyping and Gender Bias Essay
Gender affects every aspect of our life, from how we feel about ourselves and set our goals in educational, recreational and work opportunities as
well as the the nature and extent of our participation in social and civic life. It has a strong impact on the way we practice our religion, the way we
dress, the way we express our feelings and the nature of all of our relationships with others.
This paper explores various facets of gender roles in order to understand this topic such as what role males and females are expected to play in today's
society, how gender roles are decided, affected and exaggerated by stereotyping. Futhermore, this paper will draw attention towards how stereotyping
leads to gender biases.
What is 'Gender'...show more content...
An individual can either identify themselves with a subculture or social group which results in them having diverse gender roles.
Today when a human baby is born the first question that is asked is '' Is it a boy or a girl?'' In human culture the answer to this question is
gigantically significant. This definition of ''femaleness'' or ''maleness'' is the hypothesis of the society which assumes that the child who is born a
girl will remain female forever, while a boy will be a male. Gender roles are created by society and vary from society to society as it takes all sorts
to make a world. It does not matter where ever you are in the world its just ''society'' which assigns the gender roles without even having enough
knowledge about one's gender identity. We living in 21st century but when it comes togender role orientation we are in total chaos. Gender identity :
Most non– Western societies have three human genders man ,woman and third gender. In the West, gender is consider to be the same as one's sex
identity and there are only two valid options male or female. Any gender variation , other than male or female gender is treated as disease or
abnormalities or gender disorder e.g homosexual, bisexual
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Gender Bias For Dress Code

  • 1. Gender Bias For Dress Code "Nineteen percent of the 7,800 students surveyed in middle and high schools across the country said they were prevented from wearing clothing deemed "inappropriate" based on their gender..."–– CNN Student protests growing over gender–equal dress codes I think that dress code at school is gender bias because it's female specific, your socioeconomic status will help determine if you get dress coded or not, boys don't usually get dress coded like girls do, and girls have a harder time dressing age appropriate. Females are often targeted for dress code because the dress code lists more restrictions and allocations for females instead of males. "Dress code violations include baring shoulders, wearing a tank top, or exposing a bra strap." Schools can be petty when getting on to girls for dress code issues. Neatoday.com says, A female Kentucky student was sent home for showing her collarbone... her Mom brought a scarf to put around her neck and they still deemed it inappropriate. I personally do not think showing your collarbone is worth getting in trouble for in school. "A Texas honor student gets sent home for wearing yoga pants and an oversize teeshirt." I honestly do not see how yoga pants and an oversized tee shirt would be seen as a distraction. Kids come to school to learn not to be in trouble because of what they wear. Although there are several examples of females being singled out based on their attire, there are many instances of females purposefully dressed Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Gender Equality And Gender Bias Gender equality and gender bias has been vigorously discussed and argued for decades, and it still remains as the issue that cannot be ignored in our society. The NSW department of Education and Training provides the Boys' and Girls' Education Strategy to assist all government schools in NSW to undertake a strategic approach to address gender as an educational issues(NSW DEC). Still, girls are now facing difficulties that arose from not only their abilities but also the influence from their families and the communities. In this essay, problems or difficulties that young girls or female students faced because of other participants in the education or schooling system will be discussed. Strategies and recommendations in regard to those issues will be talked afterwards. Even we say we are living in a gender equal society, but it is rare to see women at the dominant place in each industry. Hundred years before, women were not allowed to study, and men were taking the power to control the society. Nowadays, women are able to have higher education as men do, but some of them still experience blocks in their career path. And we cannot ignore that they performed better than men with higher average grade and used short time to complete the study(Reis, 2001, p. 28). The preconceptions of women, male stereotyping and exclusion of informal network slows down women 's step towards the top management positions, and it is not normally because of gender discrimination, but just about who Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Implicit Gender Bias Essay Implicit Gender Bias and Women in STEM Fields Most people consider themselves as rational, reasoning individuals who make decisions after considering the facts at hand. Research suggests that this is often not the case, with implicit bias at work shaping one's responses. Researchers at Cornell University have defined implicit bias as "unconscious, unintentional bias" (Royer, Hido & Slotnick, 2017). Predictors of implicit bias include socio–economic status, gender, ethnicity, childhood experience, and cultural experience (Cooley, Payne & Phillips, 2013). Unlike explicit bias which reflects attitudes or beliefs that one endorses on a conscious level, implicit bias refers to attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions and decisions in an unconscious manner resulting from subtle cognitive processes that often operate at a level below conscious awareness and without intentional control (Gyan, n.d.). Of these, implicit gender bias affects the health and social wellbeing of women, as well as disadvantages women economically and in the workplace. As such implicit gender bias is endemic within the scientific, technological, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, and this bias can disadvantage women pursing these careers (Moss–Racusin, Dovidio, Brescoll, Graham & Handelsman, 2012). The importance of further study of mitigating interventions of this implicit gender bias is clear. Our hypothesis is that implicit gender bias related to women in STEM fields will Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. This study focuses on the relationship between gender bias, gender ideology, and gender roles in everyday life. The study analyzes how differences in gender affect professors' behavior in the classroom. My research question is how do men and women view professors' treatment of students based on gender? Some basic guiding questions are: In your opinion and experience, do professors treat certain groups of students differently? Who are these students? Specifically, do professors treat men vs. women differently in the classroom? Why do you think professors do/don't do this? My hypothesis was that respondents would think professors call on men in the classroom due to their stereotypical qualities of being competitive, confident, and dominant. The overwhelming majority of people describe women as shy, compassionate, and timid . Men are more willing to speak up and shout out an answer in the classroom because of their confidence and dominance. Given these stereotypical traits it would be more likely for a male to answer a question, get called on, or engage in a conversation with the teacher rather than a women because of women's timid traits . I believe that the majority of men are less likely to filter a response and think before they speak in class, therefore leading them to get called on by the professor to share their opinion. From my own experience I have seen this begin to change over the years possibly because of the increase in women in the social and political Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Gender Bias SONA: Own–Gender Bias in Change Detection for Gender–Specific Images The previous research was based on change blindness, such as, not able to view change when in an environment. Changes of the environment can vary to the color, people, etc. In addition, there are two different types of processing, such as, bottom–up and top–down. For instances, the bottom–up process observes the physical missing in the environment. And, the top–down process observe the beliefs, expectation etc. of the participant. Furthermore, the question for this research was that men and women would not differ their capability to view changes in images. In addition, that men and women would view changes sufficiently in the images if it pertain to their gender rather than the opposite gender. The methods used in this research were participants, materials and procedures. For instance, the participants consist of 53 undergraduates, in detail, 31 women and 23 men. In addition, the race of the participants were a variety of Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. Yet, the race of the participants were not equaled, for example, there were more Whites than Blacks...show more content... However, based on the chart in the research the gender image type did not reveal such a prominent result. The women in the research did have further favor women–oriented images than the men– oriented images, as well as vice versa for the men. Yet, the different was not a major change than projected in the question for the research. Furthermore, the changes in image were the key factor in the research. The participants were not that successful in pointing out the changes or no change on the images. In addition, the participants demonstrated that the top–down process is more influenced in this research than the bottom–up process. Overall, the research was a success due to the questions were proven in numerous ways with the assist of participants, methods and Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. The Null Hypothesis : Gender Bias 2.Null Hypothesis – Gender bias does not have a role to play in people's mind–set towards male victims. When asked if DV affects a significant number, small number of men or doesn't affect men, 53.2% male respondents and 58.6% female respondents think that it affects a small number of men. Only 23.8% male respondents and 31.3% female respondents think a significant number of men are affected and a further 10.9% male respondents and 10.1% female respondents think it doesn't affect men. Since the p value show no statistical relationship, there is no difference between how men and women think and there is a clear indication that most people think that domestic violence for men is not a distressful issue for its not a considerable number of...show more content... Although men and women show different views, the Cramer's V of 0.154 shows only a weak association. A bigger sample size could've produced different or more reliable results. Gender bias is the distortion of views and preferences based on the sex of a person. Biases are preformed based on what kind of surroundings a person grows up in and their personal experiences. This bias exists in everyone's mind and subconsciously make people act and react in different ways based on stereotypes rather than reality (Rhonda. E, Dugan, 2008). Everyone has different views on male masculinity. Even in this day and age where there are equal rights for both sexes there is a patriarchal view about men in society, where they are classed as the stronger sex which has led to the belief that male to female aggression is more serious than female to male aggrrssion (Drijber et al, 2013). Sexual assaults and DV are disproportionately considered as women centric problems. Surveys conducted reports victims in rape cases are 90% women, one in four women are a victim of intimate partner violence and 44% lesbian women and 61% bisexual women have been subjected to physical abuse by a partner or sexual abuse. (Bureau of Justice Satistics and the centres of Disease control and prevention (CDC). These facts combined with preformed notions Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. gender bias Gender Bias in Education by Amanda Chapman of D 'Youville College "Sitting in the same classroom, reading the same textbook, listening to the same teacher, boys and girls receive very different educations." (Sadker, 1994) In fact, upon entering school, girls perform equal to or better than boys on nearly every measure of achievement, but by the time they graduate high school or college, they have fallen behind. (Sadker, 1994) However, discrepancies between the performance of girls and the performance of boys in elementary education leads some critics to argue that boys are being neglected within the education system: Across the country, boys have never been in more trouble: They earn 70 percent of the D 's and F 's that teachers dole...show more content... Reay 's research shows that each of the groups of girls defined their own femininities in relation to boys. (2001) The Reay study further demonstrates how socialization of girls occurs at the school level by tolerating different behaviors from boys than from girls. Assertive behavior from girls is often seen as disruptive and may be viewed more negatively by adults. In Reay 's study, the fact that the spice girls asserted themselves in ways contrary to traditional femininity caused them to be labeled by teachers as "real bitches". (2001) This reinforces the notion that "...girls ' misbehavior to be looked upon as a character defect, whilst boys ' misbehavior is viewed as a desire to assert themselves." (Reay, 2001) A permissive attitude towards sexual harassment is another way in which schools reinforce the socialization of girls as inferior. "When schools ignore sexist, racist, homophobic, and violent interactions between students, they are giving tacit approval to such behaviors." (Bailey, 1992) Yet boys are taunted for throwing like a girl, or crying like a girl, which implies that being a girl is worse than being a boy. According to the American Association of University Women Report, "The clear message to both boys and girls is that girls are not Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Gender Pay Bias The Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed gender discrimination (Macionis, 2012). That is, employers cannot discriminate when setting pay for men and women (Macionis, 2012). Although these laws exist in the United States, median wages for women amounts to seventy–nine percent of median wages for men (Hirschfeld Davis, 2016). As a result, President Barack Obama signed an executive law that will close gender pay gap with mandatory reporting and penalize companies that engage in discriminatory pay practices (Hirschfeld Davis, 2016). According to Macionis (2012), gender biases affects how women are promoted in the workplace. This is a form of glass ceiling, which is the "subtle discrimination that effectively blocks Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. The Effects of Gender Bias on Elementary School Children "It's a girl!" or "It's a boy!" is typically the first thing parents hear after the birth of a child. This simple statement of fact sets the groundwork for every interaction they will have with their daughter or son, and for every experience that child will have throughout her or his life. Gender identity–the private experience of being female or male–forms a core part of one's sense of self (Welker). The nature of this private experience is enormously influenced by what we are taught it means to be a girl or a boy, and these lessons are typically fraught with instances of gender bias–what Beverly Stitt, author of Building Gender Fairness in Schools, defines as "a set of beliefs...show more content... In our society, males are the preferred sex. Mothers show a 2:1 preference for male children, and fathers even more so (The Pinks and the Blues). Parents stereotype their child from birth: they think that boys are more alert, more coordinated, stronger, bigger, and less attentive, while girls are softer, weaker, and more attentive (Stockman). Research by Bloch at U. C. Berkeley revealed that parents encourage differences in their children; with sons, parents emphasize achievement and value independence and self–reliance, while with daughters, parents emphasize proprieties and supervise their daughters' activities more than their sons' (The Pinks and the Blues). I observed a videotape, titled The Pinks and the Blues, of a family interview in which first the son and then the daughter were asked to solve a puzzle with their parents present. With the son, Dad emphasized the cognitive aspects of the task and checked for understanding, while Mom looked on. With the daughter, Dad emphasized the affective relationship (the father–daughter interaction) and stressed that the important thing was to have fun, while Mom provided help to the point of interfering with the daughter's performance. In addition to parents, the other primary agent influencing children at this age is the media, via television. Little girls can watch Spiderman swing high Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Gender Bias in Everyday Life Essay In the modern United States, biases are found in almost every social institution. These discriminatory practices hurt everyone involved. One of the more evident of these is discrimination based on someone's gender. Gender bias, also known as sexism, refers to a full range of attitudes, preferences, laws, taboos and behaviors that differentiate and discriminates against the members of either sex. These may be the position of male dominance and female subjugation in modern society. It may also be in the form of sexual stereotypes between men and women, which are commonly experienced or encountered in employment, especially on the positions they occupy and their earnings or income. A final instance wherediscrimination is faced is within the...show more content... It is not true; however, that all males have been winners in these historical struggles. While boys and men benefit to some extent from patriarchal relations, they are also damaged by the disciplining practices needed to reproduce misogynist relations. And men and women have different uses, such as a male lifting heavy weights and females singing at the upper register. (Goldberg, 10) Most men and women in every society realize this intuitively. Anthropologists have written at lengths about the areas in which women are unquestionably superior to men. It is through these abilities that the world's women have always fulfilled themselves, just as men have emphasized their singular abilities. (Crane–Seeber and Crane pg 218) While women are more commonly affected by eating disorders, more than a million of the opposite sex battles the illness every day (nationaleatingdisorders.org). Men are told to be muscular and strong, so as to support themselves and their families. Men are also told that feelings should not be shared, and to give in, is to become "womanly". While gender discrimination is illegal in most educational institutions, it still occurs. Discrimination can occur in subtle ways that are not easily identified. Some of the more noticeable ones, however, include differences in admission requirements, differences in educational programs and activities offered, and sexual harassment. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. The Importance Of Gender Bias One of the most debated topics in modern society today is equality. Most everyone agrees that all people are equal, however, most everyone is also implicitly biased about genders whenever it comes to careers. For example, imagine for a moment a random piano teacher. What gender did you automatically think of them as? You more than likely initially imaged a female piano teacher. Now, imagine a random surgeon/ doctor. Whatgender did you automatically see them as? You probably imaged them as a male. If so, you are experiencing implicit gender bias. Unfortunately, you are not alone in this; society itself implicitly assigns males to scientific careers and women to liberal arts. Implicit bias are the completely unconscious stereotypes and attitudes we have towards society that affects our decisions and understanding of things. The key word in that definition is unconscious. Most people do not even realize they hold this bias; you might not have even realized you were experiencing this bias until reading this paragraph. This ignorance is one of the main reasons this bias is still occurring on a daily basis to most of humanity, and it is the main reason there is such a gender divide in careers today. It is hypothesized that helping people identify their implicit bias (specifically gender career bias) and providing them with basic education and strategies on the topic itself will reduce their gender career bias. The rather recent development of social media has been helpful to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Gender Bias And Its Effect On Education Leedy, LaLonde, and Runk (2003) found that their data supported and built on the findings of other researchers concerning gender stereotypes. They found that girls who were motivated and had mathematical talent were still subject to the effects of gender bias and that they had decreased confidence in their mathematical abilities. The research also indicated a continuing belief that math is a male domain. Females did not acknowledge the stereotype and felt the survey was biased and insulting and left comments saying so. No such comments were left by males. The belief by men that math is a male domain, coupled with the failure of women to acknowledge the biases existence sets up an unrealistic relationship. The researchers postulated that rather than denying biases exist, we must acknowledge them so that we can move on and reform education. They felt that the reforms need to occur outside, as well as inside, the classroom, and must include parents, especially mothers. The attitudes of all parties involved must be changed for reform to be effective. Riegle–Crumb and Moore (2013) found that females were underrepresented in the engineering course they studied. Although female students made up 50% of the enrollment at the high schools, they only comprised an average of 14% of course enrollees. Women in the classes shared similar academic backgrounds with their male classmates, but the women were more likely to have a parent who worked in engineering or a scientific field. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Gender Bias In Sports Essay Highly accomplished female athletes are often ''infantilized'' by sport commentators by referring to them as ''girls'' or ''young ladies'' whereas skilled male athletes are rarely (if ever) referred to as ''boys'' (Messner et al., 1993; Wensing & Bruce, 2003). A recent headline in the UK's Daily Mail regarding the Sochi Olympics read, ''Curl power: Girls sweep their way to bronze as Britain equals its best ever Winter Olympics tally'' (Daily Mail Reporter, 2014). Not surprisingly, themale curlers were not referred to as ''boys'' when they won a silver medal the next day. Commentators further infantilize female athletes by calling them by their first name only whereas this rarely occurs with male athletes. Messner et al. (1993) found that women's...show more content... For example, Billings (2007) examined the media commentary for men's and women's diving, gymnastics, swimming, and track and field competitions during the 2004 Summer Olympics and discovered that gender biased commentary occurred more often in the sports considered ''artistic'' (e.g., gymnastics, diving) with the greatest gender bias between men and women's gymnastics. Similarly, Angilini, Billings, and MacAuthor (2013) found the greatest amount of gender biased commentary in figure skating in their examination of the 2010 Winter Olympics. Typically, the negative framing described in the previous paragraphs occurs alongside positive narratives. Duncan and Hasbrook (1988) used the term ambivalence to describe media accounts about female athletes that present such mixed messages. As Eagleman (2013) described, ''it is coverage that appears positive at first glance, but actually includes words, phrases, or themes that subtly belittle women'' (p. 4). It is used to simultaneously acknowledge the changing norms regarding women's involvement in sport and yet resist major changes to the status quo by artfully undermining Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Gender Bias In The Women's Rights Movement In this society, men have more privileges than women in the workplace. It is true the world we live in today has many opportunities for women. Women can vote, have their own property, have jobs like men, etc. However, there is not much equality between men and women working. Women are often worse paid than men with few rights, which is one of many examples of gender bias. Gender bias is the unequal treatment between men and women in the employment area, based on their gender expectations. It turns out gender bias exists especially in the workplace. According to TechRepublic, unequal pay, diminished responsibilities, and positional bias are emphasized for women working.1 These examples of gender bias go back all the way to before when women's rights were fought for. Women then had a basic education, they were generally married off by their parents, they had to take care of their children and the house, which their husbands owned, and they were not acknowledged of their hard work. That all began to change when the 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention triggered the beginning of the Women's Rights Movement in the United States. Individualists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony have been devoted to the fight for women's rights.2 Changing the unjust and unequal society was their purpose. Through petitions, meetings, and public speaking, they were able to achieve their purpose. Margaret Mead, an anthropologist said, "Never doubt that a small group of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Gender Bias And Gender Inequality The average american female only makes в…” of what the average male does. Whether it is in school, or the workforce, gender inequality still exists and is a major problem. There is still a huge difference in the way women get treated compared to the way men get treated. Due to the invisible barrier that is holding back the success of women, social realities need to be redefined in order for gender inequality to longer exist. Gender inequality refers to the unequal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. There are three main ideas that contribute to it, but there are still many others that do too. One of them is sexism, which refers to the range of attitudes, beliefs, policies, laws, and behaviors that discriminate on the basis of gender. A second idea that also contributes is gender roles. Gender roles are rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of men and women in a society. The third idea is gender bias, which is the favoritism toward one gender or the other. All three have a direct correlation with each other. Gender inequality is most common at school and in the workforce. A lot of people seems to think men hold a higher rank in life than women do just because they think women cannot do the same things a man can do. Just because the the anatomy of a woman and a man are different, doesn't mean one or the other should get better treatment, but that is still a reality women face today. Men have access to many more Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Essay on Gender Role Bias in Advertising Gender Role Bias in Advertising Gender role bias in advertisements has been so prevalent for so long that the untrained eye wouldn't even discern it. All the same, these biases, for the most part, put women in subordinate positions and men in dominant ones. This assumption on both the genders is unfair and demeaning. These ads portray women as subservient and play toys for men. Not only do the models depict an image nowhere near close to reality, but their bodies are scantily clad and what few clothes they are wearing are very revealing. These roles for females represent what the advertisement industry believe buyers deem as the real world. As Goffman asked," What messages about women have been given to society through magazine...show more content... With my ad, relative size plays a part in which the male is obviously larger than the female and he towers over her petite frame. For feminine touch, the male has a clenched fist on her shoulder and the other hand on a tree. His entire arm is holding her body in its place. This body language says that the male is in charge and takes an aggressive stance over her, while the girl just stands there limply and leaning on the tree. Its as if she would fall over if he weren't there to hold her up. For function ranking, the male is clearly in the managerial position, as he seems to be overpowering her in every way. For licensed withdrawal, the girl featured seems as though she has left her body psychologically for the male counterpart to simply ravish. As in many rape cases, victims have stated that while they are being raped, their mind leaves their body as not to experience the horrible psychological or even physical pain occurring. This ad depicts a girl who does not seem present in the situation with a dazed look on her face and a motionless body. The family aspect doesn't exactly correspond with this particular ad, as a family is not present. With nearly all of the "frame analysis" characteristics satisfied from this one ad, one must assume that although leaps and bounds of efforts have been made by society to free women from stereotypical gender roles, "advertisers are still relying upon their subordination as a tool in the attempt to sell a wide variety Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Gender Bias Essay Gender bias, also known as sexism, is a full of attitudes, laws, taboos, preferences, and behaviors that differentiates and discriminates against either sex. These may be a position of which male dominance and female subjugation in the modern society. It could also be a form of sexual stereotypes between men and women, these are commonly experienced in employment versus other positions. A final place that discrimination is faced is the academic environment, the female to male ratios are not in sync in certain programs and courses because of this and it is pressuring men and women to not go into certain fields and do what they love and please. Most advertisements on Television, magazines, newspapers, online ad's, use a charged sexually image with a female as the star. Women are to be a pleasure for men, and nothing else. Many people have different opinions on genders and sexuality and that is okay, but sometimes you just need to keep them to yourselves. I was walking through Walmart with a friend the other night, and we turned the corner to go down an aisle and they were walking towards us. As we approached them, they moved out of the way, so we could get through. There were 5 male specimens, around the ages of 20–24, two white, one Hispanic, and two black guys. Most of them were very tall, both white guys were thin and lean, the Hispanic guy was short and lean, and the two black guys were tall and thick. All five of the guys dress in upper class clothes such as Nike, Adidas, Under armor. As I observed these guys, they were in a group of friends. They were walking according to race, two white guys in the front, and then the Hispanic guy was in the middle, and following him was the two black guys. They were very respectful when we turned the corner and let us go through, as we passed them they went back into their formation. Two white guys in the front, and then the Hispanic in the middle, and the two black guys in the back. I also observed that they were having separate conversations among themselves. As it appeared to me, it looked like they were just socializing and spending time together, and goofing around. They could have been shopping but none of them had anything in their hands at the time that we Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Impact Of Gender Discrimination On Sports GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTS Brooke Lynn Paige Smith Oklahoma State University –Stillwater December 5, 2014 For decades discrimination in sports has been a big issue, especially gender discrimination. Women have been down graded and stereotyped as weak in athletics because men are generally the more entertaining to watch because of their physicality and they seem more determined and motivated to achieve in their sport, but what people should realize is women are just as athletic as men and deserve an equal opportunity for life chances. The discrimination got better in 1972 when the law "Title IX" came about, which stated "Nobody in the United States will, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be deprived of the benefits of, or be exposed to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial help". This has produced debates all over the world because some disagree with the equality it is trying to create. Women have had a hard time getting into college athletics in the past let alone professional sports, so when Title IX came up women in particular were very appreciative. Nina Compton discusses the law and how it changed in college sports and stated, "College campuses all over the world have seen athletic departments add women 's sport programs and cut men 's programs in order to remain compliant under the Act" (Compton 11). While many may think this was fair other believe that men shouldn't be cut from sports Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Gender Roles, Stereotyping and Gender Bias Essay Gender affects every aspect of our life, from how we feel about ourselves and set our goals in educational, recreational and work opportunities as well as the the nature and extent of our participation in social and civic life. It has a strong impact on the way we practice our religion, the way we dress, the way we express our feelings and the nature of all of our relationships with others. This paper explores various facets of gender roles in order to understand this topic such as what role males and females are expected to play in today's society, how gender roles are decided, affected and exaggerated by stereotyping. Futhermore, this paper will draw attention towards how stereotyping leads to gender biases. What is 'Gender'...show more content... An individual can either identify themselves with a subculture or social group which results in them having diverse gender roles. Today when a human baby is born the first question that is asked is '' Is it a boy or a girl?'' In human culture the answer to this question is gigantically significant. This definition of ''femaleness'' or ''maleness'' is the hypothesis of the society which assumes that the child who is born a girl will remain female forever, while a boy will be a male. Gender roles are created by society and vary from society to society as it takes all sorts to make a world. It does not matter where ever you are in the world its just ''society'' which assigns the gender roles without even having enough knowledge about one's gender identity. We living in 21st century but when it comes togender role orientation we are in total chaos. Gender identity : Most non– Western societies have three human genders man ,woman and third gender. In the West, gender is consider to be the same as one's sex identity and there are only two valid options male or female. Any gender variation , other than male or female gender is treated as disease or abnormalities or gender disorder e.g homosexual, bisexual Get more content on HelpWriting.net