Dhaka International University Abu Humaid Batch - 23 Roll- 22 Hepatic & Renal Clearance P R E S E N T A T I O N O N P R E S E N T E D B Y Table of Content What is Clearance Hepatic Clearance Hepatic Elimination Renal clearance Glomerulus Filtration Tubular Secretion Tubular Reabsorbtion Factors Affecting Renal Clearance Conclusion Topics for discussion Anatomy and internal structure of a nephron. Clearance is defined as the volume of blood which is cleared of drug per unit of time. It is the certain portion or fraction of the in which drug is contained that is cleared of drug per unit time. What is Clearance Types of Clearance Types of Clearance Hepatic Clearance Renal Metabolic Clearance Hepatic Clearance Clearance Renal Clearance Anatomy and internal structure of Hepatic Clearance It is the ability of the liver to clear off the drug from the blood is called hepatic clearance. It is related to two variables namely hepatic blood flow rate (QH) and intrinsic hepatic clearance Hepatic Clearance Anatomy and internal structure of Hepatic Clearance Hepatic clearance may also be expressed as the rate of drug removal divided by the plasma drug concentration in the artery. It should be noted that only free drug in blood is available for hepatic extraction. Hepatic Clearance Anatomy and internal structure of Hepatic Elimination Elimination is defined as the process that tends to remove the drug from the body and terminate its action. Hepatic Elimination Anatomy and internal structure of Renal clearance Renal clearance is defines as the volume of blood or plasma that is completely cleared off the drug by the kidneys per unittime. Renal clearance Anatomy and internal structure of Kidneys kidneys are the most important organs for the excreting unchanged drugs and their metabolites. Polar drugs are usually excreted in unchanged from but lipid soluble drugs are eliminated as metabolites. Kidneys Anatomy and internal structure of nephron The three important process that take place in nephrons , which determine the excretions of drugs in urine are: 1.Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular secretion 3. Tubular reabsorption Anatomy and internal structure of Glomerulus About 1.2 liters/min of blood flow through the kidneys and about 120 ml/min is filtered through glomerular filtration. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION: It is a passive process, where the excretion of drugs is influenced by the following factors. a) Molecular size b) Plasma protein-drug binding c) Renal blood flow Glomerular filtration It is a carrier-mediated active transport process . The transporters involved in tubular secretion of weak acids And weak bases are organic anion transporter, organic cation transporter, p-glycoprotein andmulti drug resistance associated protein type-2 in the proximaltubule TUBULAR SECRETION: Tubular reabsorption is a bidirectional process which takes place along the entire length of the convoluted tubule. Tubular reabsorption of a drug is said to occur when the g

1. Dhaka International University
Abu Humaid
Batch - 23 Roll- 22
Hepatic & Renal
Clearance
PRESENTATION ON
PRESENTED BY

2. Table of Content
What is Clearance
Hepatic Clearance
Hepatic Elimination
Renal clearance
Glomerulus Filtration
Tubular Secretion
Tubular Reabsorbtion
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance
Conclusion
Topics for discussion

3. Anatomy and internal structure of a nephron.
Clearance is defined as the
volume of blood which is cleared
of drug per unit of time.
It is the certain portion or
fraction of the in which drug is
contained that is cleared of drug
per unit time.
What is Clearance

4. Types of Clearance
Types of
Clearance Hepatic
Clearance
Renal
Clearance
Metabolic
Clearance
Hepatic Clearance
Renal Clearance

5. Anatomy and internal structure of Hepatic Clearance
It is the ability of the liver to clear
off the drug from the blood is called
hepatic clearance.
It is related to two variables namely
hepatic blood flow rate (QH) and
intrinsic hepatic clearance
Hepatic
Clearance

6. Anatomy and internal structure of Hepatic Clearance
Hepatic clearance may also be
expressed as the rate of drug
removal divided by the plasma drug
concentration in the artery.
It should be noted that only free
drug in blood is available for hepatic
extraction.
Hepatic
Clearance

7. Anatomy and internal structure of Hepatic Elimination
Elimination is defined as the
process that tends to remove
the drug from the body and
terminate its action.
Hepatic
Elimination

8. Anatomy and internal structure of Renal clearance
Renal clearance is defines as
the volume of blood or plasma
that is completely cleared off
the drug by the kidneys per
unit time.
Renal clearance

9. Anatomy and internal structure of Kidneys
kidneys are the most important
organs for the excreting unchanged
drugs and their metabolites.
Polar drugs are usually excreted in
unchanged from but lipid soluble
drugs are eliminated as metabolites.
Kidneys

10. Anatomy and internal structure of nephron
The three important process that
take place in nephrons , which
determine the excretions of drugs in
urine are:
1.Glomerular
filtration
2. Tubular
secretion
3. Tubular
reabsorption

11. Anatomy and internal structure of Glomerulus
About 1.2 liters/min of blood
flow through the kidneys and
about 120 ml/min is filtered
through glomerular filtration.
GLOMERULAR
FILTRATION:

12. It is a passive process, where the
excretion of drugs is influenced by
the following factors.
a) Molecular size
b) Plasma protein-drug
binding
c) Renal blood flow
Glomerular filtration

13. It is a carrier-mediated active transport
process . The transporters involved in
tubular secretion of weak acids And weak
bases are organic anion transporter,
organic cation transporter, p-glycoprotein
andmulti drug resistance associated
protein type-2 in the proximal tubule
TUBULAR
SECRETION:

14. Tubular reabsorption is a
bidirectional process which takes
place along the entire length of the
convoluted tubule. Tubular
reabsorption of a drug is said to
occur when the glomerular
filterationrate is less than 120
ml/min.
TUBULAR
REABSORPTION:

15. FACTORS
AFFECTING
RENAL
CLEARANCE :
1.Physiochemical properties of drug molecules.
2.Plasma drug concentration
3.Urine pH
4.Apparent volume of distribution
5.Blood flow to kidneys
6.Disease states

16. It helps to determine the
contribution of glomerular filtration ,
secretion and tubular reabsorption in
clearing a particular drug by
comparing the clearance of the drug
with that of the creatinine ( excreted
only by glomerular filtration).
CONCLUSIONS: